Youth Culturally adapted Manual Assisted Problem Solving Training (YCMAP) in Pakistani adolescent with a history of self-harm: protocol for multicentre clinical and cost-effectiveness randomised controlled trial

Introduction: Suicide is a global health concern. Sociocultural factors have an impact on self-harm and suicide rates. In Pakistan, both self-harm and suicide are considered as criminal offence’s and are condemned on both religious and social grounds. The proposed intervention ‘Youth Culturally Adapted Manual Assisted Problem Solving Training (YCMAP)’ is based on principles of problem-solving and cognitive–behavioural therapy. YCMAP is a brief, culturally relevant, scalable intervention that can be implemented in routine clinical practice if found to be effective. Method and analysis: A multicentre rater blind randomised controlled trial to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of YCMAP including a sample of 652 participants, aged 12–18 years, presenting to general physicians/clinicians, emergency room after self harm or self referrals. We will test the effectiveness of 8–10 individual sessions of YCMAP delivered over 3 months compared with treatment as usual. Primary outcome measure is repetition of self-harm at 12 months. The seconday outcomes include reduction in suicidal ideation, hopelessness and distress and improvement in health related quality of life. Assessments will be completed at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months postrandomisation. The nested qualitative component will explore perceptions about management of self-harm and suicide prevention among adolescents and investigate participants’ experiences with YCMAP. The study will be guided by the theory of change approach to ensure that the whole trial is centred around needs of the end beneficiaries as key stakeholders in the process. Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of University of Manchester, the National Bioethics Committee in Pakistan. The findings of this study will be disseminated through community workshops, social media, conference presentations and peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration number: NCT04131179

Journal of South American Earth Sciences

p.51–66The Coronel João Sá pluton is a zoned Brasiliano-age, late- to post-tectonic intrusion in the Macururé schist domain of the Sergipana Foldbelt, Northeast Brazil. Biotite-hornblende granodiorite predominates, and flattened ultramafic to intermediate enclaves are present. Igneous orientations are present but fabrics produced by strong solid-state flattening are absent. Rb-Sr whole rock isochrons including enclaves and their host rocks yielded a probable intrusion age of 614 Ma which dates the waning phase of the dominant deformation which produced the F2 foliation of the Sergipana belt and is close to ages reported for late tectonic granites in other Brasiliano domains of Northeast Brazil. More radiogenic Sr (ISr(614) = 0.71008 ± 52) is present in some felsic rocks, while less radiogenic Sr (ISr(614) = 0.70814 ± 18) is mainly found in the more mafic core of the main body. Sr isotopic equilibrium between most enclaves and their host rocks was attained. Textural evidence, especially in the enclaves, shows that magma mixing occurred, but late biotite formation in the enclaves caused modifications of their chemical compositions. The geological, petrographical and isotopic evidence shows that the pluton was probably fed by a complex feeder system into the crust under extensional conditions. Variable upper crustal contamination was probably responsible for the isotopic heterogeneity of Sr

Digital processing and geological interpretation of TM-LANDSAT images of the area east of the Camaquã mine in Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Brazil

The Camaquã basin was formed during the closing stages of the accretion of Gondwanaland. The sediments were deposited over mylonites of the Porongos Complex. Two sequences of silici-clastic sediments are present, the lower Santa Bárbara Formation and the upper Guaritas Formation, which is intruded by the Rodeio Velho calc-alkaline rocks. Relief is strongly controlled by lithology and structure, with an overall rectilinear drainage pattern. Vegetation is formed by grasses together with subordinate bushes and trees which are either scattered over the countryside or form small woods and dominates the spectral response. Soil cover is thin and rock outcrops are common, although subordinate. Based on field data, statistical parameters for atmosphere-corrected bands 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 were set up, and served as a base for the digital processing. Greater lithological contrasts were obtained by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) through comparison of results of statistical analysis of the transformed parameters and of the original bands. A preliminary analysis of the images thus obtained led to the identification of different spectral patterns. The component PCI reflects textural patterns related to the relief and the different albedos. In PC2, the spectral response of trees highlighted the Porongos Complex and the Rodeio Velho andesites, while grasses accentuated areas of fine-grained sandstones of the Santa Bárbara and Guaritas Formations. In PC4, the sandstones and conglomerates of the two sequences, together with quartzite hills of the basement complex, are prominent.A Bacia do Camaquã originou-se nos estágios finais da acreção do Supercontinente Gondwana. Os sedimentos formados depositaram-se sobre o embasamento do Complexo Porongos. Destacam-se duas seqüências sedimentares siliciclásticas, na base, a Formação Santa Bárbara, e a superior, Formação Guaritas, na qual ocorrem as intrusões cálcio-alcalinas Rodeio Velho. A seqüência superior (Formação Guaritas) compõe-se de duas unidades, na porção basal, de arenitos eólicos, e arenitos e conglomerados flúvio-deltaicos na parte superior. Os diversos corpos intrusivos cálcio-alcalinos Rodeio Velho (rochas andesi-basálticas), mais jovens, instalaram-se, preferencialmente, na interface entre essas duas unidades. O relevo mostra-se fortemente influenciado pela litologia e pelas estruturas geológicas, com padrão geral dendrítico de drenagem. A vegetação domina a resposta espectral, compondo-se de gramíneas com algumas árvores e arbustos dispersos pelos campos ou em pequenos grupos. A cobertura do solo é bem delgada a ausente, propiciando uma exposição subordinada das litofacies. De acordo com dados reunidos em trabalhos de campo, foram coletados parâmetros estatísticos nas bandas originais 2, 3, 4, 5 e 7 sem qualquer tratamento prévio, os quais serviram de base para o processamento digital das imagens. Os maiores realces de litologia foram obtidos através da Análise por Principais Componentes (APC) comparando-se os resultados com os parâmetros estatísticos transformados e das bandas originais. A análise preliminar das imagens obtidas permitiu a identificação de padrões espectrais diferentes para os vários litotipos. A componente PCI refletiu padrões texturais relacionados com o relevo e diferenças de albedo da vegetação e de rocha exposta. Na PC2 ficou evidenciada a resposta espectral da vegetação arbórea, realçando-se o embasamento e os andesitos Rodeio Velho, e de gramíneas em áreas de exposição de arenitos finos da Formação Santa Bárbara e da Formação Guaritas Inferior. Na PC4 evidenciou-se os arenitos e conglomerados das duas seqüências, além das cristas quartzíticas do embasamento, ou seja, rocha exposta