A More Lovingly Made World

From a visit with his children to Makers' Fayre, in New York, the author considers the rise of maker culture and amateur labour in relation to consumption, capitalism and modernity, to provide an afterword to the collection on amateur economies

La proveniencia digital y la obra de arte como derivado

Art is about rarity, about things that are unique and special and cannot be duplicated. Yet the technologies of our time are all about duplication, about copies, about information that is not special at all. At first, it might appear that the traditional form of art is obsolete. If it has value, it is as something from a past way of life, before information technology took over. Yet, what appears to be happening is even stranger. Let us examine some of the special ways in which art as rarity now interacts in novel ways with our abundant sources of information, producing some rather striking opportunities to create value.El arte tiene que ver con la rareza, con cosas que son únicas, especiales y que no pueden ser duplicadas. Pero las tecnologías de nuestro tiempo tienen que ver con duplicación, copias y con información que no es necesariamente especial. En principio, parecería que la forma tradicional de arte es obsoleta: Si tiene valor es solo como algo de un tiempo pasado, algo perteneciente a un estilo de vida antes de que la tecnología se hiciera cargo. Pero en realidad, lo que sucede es más extraño que eso. Revisemos algunas de las formas en que el arte como rareza ahora interactúa de maneras novedosas con la abundancia de información, produciendo oportunidades curiosas y llamativas para crear valor

A Multiscale Model of Partial Melts 1: Effective Equations

In this paper a model for partial melts is constructed using two-scale homogenization theory. While this technique is well known to the mathematics and materials communities, it is relatively novel to problems in the solid Earth. This approach begins with a grain scale model of the medium, coarsening it into a macroscopic one. The emergent model is in good agreement with previous work, including D. McKenzie's, and serves as verification. This methodology also yields a series of Stokes problems whose solutions provide constitutive relations for permeability and viscosity. A numerical investigation of these relations appears in a companion paper.Comment: 55 pages. Submitted to JGR Solid Eart

A Multiscale Model of Partial Melts 2: Numerical Results

In a companion paper, equations for partially molten media were derived using two-scale homogenization theory. One advantage of homogenization is that material properties, such as permeability and viscosity, readily emerge. A caveat is that the dependence of these parameters upon the microstructure is not self-evident. In particular, one seeks to relate them to the porosity. In this paper, we numerically solve ensembles of the cell problems from which these quantities emerge. Using this data, we estimate relationships between the parameters and the porosity. In particular, the bulk viscosity appears to be inversely proportional to the porosity. Finally, we synthesize these numerical estimates with the models. Our hybrid numerical--analytical model predicts that the compaction length vanishes with porosity.Comment: 50 pages, submitted to JGR Solid Eart

Garotas de loja, história social e teoria social [Shop Girls, Social History and Social Theory]

Shop workers, most of them women, have made up a significant proportion of Britain’s labour force since the 1850s but we still know relatively little about their history. This article argues that there has been a systematic neglect of one of the largest sectors of female employment by historians and investigates why this might be. It suggests that this neglect is connected to framings of work that have overlooked the service sector as a whole as well as to a continuing unease with the consumer society’s transformation of social life. One element of that transformation was the rise of new forms of aesthetic, emotional and sexualised labour. Certain kinds of ‘shop girls’ embodied these in spectacular fashion. As a result, they became enduring icons of mass consumption, simultaneously dismissed as passive cultural dupes or punished as powerful agents of cultural destruction. This article interweaves the social history of everyday shop workers with shifting representations of the ‘shop girl’, from Victorian music hall parodies, through modernist social theory, to the bizarre bombing of the Biba boutique in London by the Angry Brigade on May Day 1971. It concludes that progressive historians have much to gain by reclaiming these workers and the service economy that they helped create

Les droits disciplinaires des fonctions publiques : « unification », « harmonisation » ou « distanciation ». A propos de la loi du 26 avril 2016 relative à la déontologie et aux droits et obligations des fonctionnaires

The production of tt‾ , W+bb‾ and W+cc‾ is studied in the forward region of proton–proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98±0.02 fb−1 . The W bosons are reconstructed in the decays W→ℓν , where ℓ denotes muon or electron, while the b and c quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions.The production of $t\overline{t}$, $W+b\overline{b}$ and $W+c\overline{c}$ is studied in the forward region of proton-proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98 $\pm$ 0.02 \mbox{fb}^{-1}. The $W$ bosons are reconstructed in the decays $W\rightarrow\ell\nu$, where $\ell$ denotes muon or electron, while the $b$ and $c$ quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions

Physics case for an LHCb Upgrade II - Opportunities in flavour physics, and beyond, in the HL-LHC era

The LHCb Upgrade II will fully exploit the flavour-physics opportunities of the HL-LHC, and study additional physics topics that take advantage of the forward acceptance of the LHCb spectrometer. The LHCb Upgrade I will begin operation in 2020. Consolidation will occur, and modest enhancements of the Upgrade I detector will be installed, in Long Shutdown 3 of the LHC (2025) and these are discussed here. The main Upgrade II detector will be installed in long shutdown 4 of the LHC (2030) and will build on the strengths of the current LHCb experiment and the Upgrade I. It will operate at a luminosity up to 2×1034 cm−2s−1, ten times that of the Upgrade I detector. New detector components will improve the intrinsic performance of the experiment in certain key areas. An Expression Of Interest proposing Upgrade II was submitted in February 2017. The physics case for the Upgrade II is presented here in more depth. CP-violating phases will be measured with precisions unattainable at any other envisaged facility. The experiment will probe b → sl+l−and b → dl+l− transitions in both muon and electron decays in modes not accessible at Upgrade I. Minimal flavour violation will be tested with a precision measurement of the ratio of B(B0 → μ+μ−)/B(Bs → μ+μ−). Probing charm CP violation at the 10−5 level may result in its long sought discovery. Major advances in hadron spectroscopy will be possible, which will be powerful probes of low energy QCD. Upgrade II potentially will have the highest sensitivity of all the LHC experiments on the Higgs to charm-quark couplings. Generically, the new physics mass scale probed, for fixed couplings, will almost double compared with the pre-HL-LHC era; this extended reach for flavour physics is similar to that which would be achieved by the HE-LHC proposal for the energy frontier

LHCb upgrade software and computing : technical design report

This document reports the Research and Development activities that are carried out in the software and computing domains in view of the upgrade of the LHCb experiment. The implementation of a full software trigger implies major changes in the core software framework, in the event data model, and in the reconstruction algorithms. The increase of the data volumes for both real and simulated datasets requires a corresponding scaling of the distributed computing infrastructure. An implementation plan in both domains is presented, together with a risk assessment analysis