Calibration and cross-validation of the ActiGraph wGT3X+ accelerometer for the estimation of physical activity intensity in children with intellectual disabilities

Background: Valid objective measurement is integral to increasing our understanding of physical activity and sedentary behaviours. However, no population-specific cut points have been calibrated for children with intellectual disabilities. Therefore, this study aimed to calibrate and cross-validate the first population-specific accelerometer intensity cut points for children with intellectual disabilities. Methods: Fifty children with intellectual disabilities were randomly assigned to the calibration (n = 36; boys = 28, 9.53±1.08yrs) or cross-validation (n = 14; boys = 9, 9.57±1.16yrs) group. Participants completed a semi-structured school-based activity session, which included various activities ranging from sedentary to vigorous intensity. Direct observation (SOFIT tool) was used to calibrate the ActiGraph wGT3X+, which participants wore on the right hip. Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analyses determined the optimal cut points for sedentary, moderate, and vigorous intensity activity for the vertical axis and vector magnitude. Classification agreement was investigated using sensitivity, specificity, total agreement, and Cohen’s kappa scores against the criterion measure of SOFIT. Results: The optimal (AUC = .87−.94) vertical axis cut points (cpm) were ≤507 (sedentary), 1008−2300 (moderate), and ≥2301 (vigorous), which demonstrated high sensitivity (81−88%) and specificity (81−85%). The optimal (AUC = .86−.92) vector magnitude cut points (cpm) of ≤1863 (sedentary), 2610−4214 (moderate), and ≥4215 (vigorous) demonstrated comparable, albeit marginally lower, accuracy than the vertical axis cut points (sensitivity = 80−86%; specificity = 77−82%). Classification agreement ranged from moderate to almost perfect (κ = .51−.85) with high sensitivity and specificity, and confirmed the trend that accuracy increased with intensity, and vertical axis cut points provide higher classification agreement than vector magnitude cut points. Conclusions: This study provides the first valid methods of interpreting accelerometer output in children with intellectual disabilities. The calibrated physical activity cut points are notably higher than existing cut points, thus raising questions on the validity of previous low physical activity estimates in children with intellectual disabilities that were based on typically developing cut point

Twenty Years After Genocide: The Role of Psychology in the Reconciliation and Reconstruction Process in Rwanda

This Special Thematic Section brings together eight papers that showcase different aspects of the contribution of psychology to the processes of recovery in Rwanda following the 1994 genocide. The Section is noteworthy in part because a majority of the papers have Rwandan authors. In summarizing the contributions I make six observations about the remarkable context of the genocide and its aftermath: a) it was distinctive from previous mass violence in its intensity and character; b) it has been characterized by bystander inaction and the problems of positioning outsiders to help; c) hundreds of thousands of accused or convicted perpetrators have lived alongside survivors; d) electronic media played a profound role not only in promoting violence but also in building peace; e) Rwanda has been the site of unprecedented societal interventions with political goals that have the character and content of social psychological experiments; and f) the role of memorialization in repairing or sustaining harm needs further examination. I conclude by noting that the study of recovery is clear proof that the genocide in Rwanda, as is the case with genocides of the past, failed to achieve its aims

The Evolution of International Internet Telephony

International Internet Telephony has been evolving since its introduction in 1996. In 1996, the typical player was someone like Delta Three, who used the Internet as a backbone network, used agreements with local ISPs to ?gray-market? terminate traffic in a country, such as Columbia or Israel, and then used a VocalTec type gateway to interconnect the local call with an E&M or R2 type signaling. Voice quality was bad, call set up time interminable, and call completions were limited at best to 10-15%. The only selling point was price. Today, four years later, there is a clear segmentation of models. At one extreme is the extension of the Delta Three approach still being provided by delta Three as well as IBasis and ITXC. This is the ?be everywhere but be shallow? approach. This approach uses the Internet as a backbone and then deals with local players as did Delta Three at the beginning. The other approach is one which integrates IP services. It is an approach characterized by ?be selective but own the IP market? approach. To some degree Net2Phone exemplifies that strategy as does Zephyr, as does many of the would be players such as KPM Qwest, Colt, and Level3

Mark Twain Tonight, Original Artwork for Playbill

Providence College Department of Theatre, Dance & Film Mark Twain Tonight, Original artwork for playbill. January 27-30 + February 4-6, 1972. Artwork by Ann McGarty.https://digitalcommons.providence.edu/marktwain_pubs/1000/thumbnail.jp

The Bloody Tenet Original Playbill Artwork

Providence College Department of Theatre, Dance & Film The Friars Cell The Bloody Tenet by James Schevill Thursday-Sunday, March 16-19, 1972 8:00pmhttps://digitalcommons.providence.edu/tenet_pubs/1001/thumbnail.jp

Mark Twain Tonight Poster

Providence College Department of Theatre, Dance & Film The Friar Cell Mark Twain Tonight! poster Jan. 28-30 + Feb. 4-6, 1972 8:00pm Artwork by Ann McGartyhttps://digitalcommons.providence.edu/marktwain_pubs/1001/thumbnail.jp

The Bloody Tenet Playbill

Providence College Department of Theatre, Dance & Film The Friars Cell The Bloody Tenet by James Schevill Thursday-Sunday, March 16-19, 1972 8:00pm Director, R.L. Pelkington Assistant Director, Fred Caiozzo Stage Crew, Richard Warner, Chuch Golembeski, John Sowa Lighting Crew, Brian Trainor, Fred Caiozzo Make-up Crew, Alex Tavares, Lisa Connolly House Crew, John Garrity, Jerry McDevitt, Joan Barrett Artwork, Ann McGarty Cast: Evangelist – Candace Cummings, Journalist – Maurice Plourde, Haynes – Richard Homan, Winthrop – Robert Butler, Dudley – James Hughes, Cotton – Vincent Clark, Hooker – Frank O’Sullivan, Roger Williams – Richard Warner, Mary Williams – Christine Mahoney, Canonicus – Maurice Plourde, Sir Edward Cooke – John Garrityhttps://digitalcommons.providence.edu/tenet_pubs/1002/thumbnail.jp

Peering, Transit, Interconnection: Internet Access in Central Europe

This paper presents a review of the alternatives for Internet access in Central Europe and the evolution of the market, the regulation, and the technology. The change in peering, the reduction in transport costs, the reduction in transit costs have dramatically changed the overall supply side of the market for Internet services in Central Europe. This paper assess the current market and how these regulatory and technological changes are accelerating the demand side as well and how such alternative paradigms for interconnection may impact other regional markets