Timing of antenatal care for adolescent and adult pregnant women in south-eastern Tanzania

Early and frequent antenatal care attendance during pregnancy is important to identify and mitigate risk factors in pregnancy and to encourage women to have a skilled attendant at childbirth. However, many pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa start antenatal care attendance late, particularly adolescent pregnant women. Therefore they do not fully benefit from its preventive and curative services. This study assesses the timing of adult and adolescent pregnant women's first antenatal care visit and identifies factors influencing early and late attendance.\ud The study was conducted in the Ulanga and Kilombero rural Demographic Surveillance area in south-eastern Tanzania in 2008. Qualitative exploratory studies informed the design of a structured questionnaire. A total of 440 women who attended antenatal care participated in exit interviews. Socio-demographic, social, perception- and service related factors were analysed for associations with timing of antenatal care initiation using regression analysis. The majority of pregnant women initiated antenatal care attendance with an average of 5 gestational months. Belonging to the Sukuma ethnic group compared to other ethnic groups such as the Pogoro, Mhehe, Mgindo and others, perceived poor quality of care, late recognition of pregnancy and not being supported by the husband or partner were identified as factors associated with a later antenatal care enrolment (p < 0.05). Primiparity and previous experience of a miscarriage or stillbirth were associated with an earlier antenatal care attendance (p < 0.05). Adolescent pregnant women started antenatal care no later than adult pregnant women despite being more likely to be single. Factors including poor quality of care, lack of awareness about the health benefit of antenatal care, late recognition of pregnancy, and social and economic factors may influence timing of antenatal care. Community-based interventions are needed that involve men, and need to be combined with interventions that target improving the quality, content and outreach of antenatal care services to enhance early antenatal care enrolment among pregnant women

State taxation of banks : issues and options

The ACIR Library is composed of publications that study the interactions between different levels of government. This document addresses state taxation of banks

State regulation of banks in an era of deregulation

The ACIR Library is composed of publications that study the interactions between different levels of government. This document addresses state regulation of banks in an era of deregulation

Omnino: VSU Undergraduate Research Journal, 2014-2015

2014-15 proved the most productive year to date for undergraduate research at VSU and for the Omnino journal. The editors received a record number of submissions and we are pleased with the outstanding quality of research found in the pages of this year’s volume 5. We are also proud of the wide array of academic disciplines represented in the journal. In this volume, we showcase research from numerous departments, including Biology, Communication Arts, English, History, Math and Computer Science, Philosophy and Religious Studies, and Political Science. To be sure, such a range of contributions is a multidisciplinary feat of which VSU can be proudDoes the Bible Prohibit Homosexuality? An Exegetical Approach to Genesis 19:4-9 and Leviticus 18:22; 20:13 by Sandra Y. G. Jones; Additional Evidence for Reciprocal Monophyly of Hagfish Subfamilies Myxininae and Eptatretinae: a Class Exercise in Phylogenetics by Charles B. Cortez, Chelsea M. Desbiens, Ryndell E. Langford, Malcolm M. McCray, Wellington D. Palmer, Codie R. Picariello, Jennifer Rivera, Michael K. Simmons, and Bradley D. Owens; Review of Possible Causes, Effects, and Remedies for Metal Pollution in the Environment by Rachel Thomason; The Paxton Political Motive by Tyler Hembree; Technologies and Advances in Self-Driving Cars by David R. Gully; Experiencing Comedy: How Synthetic Judgment and Experience Dictate What is Funny by Jonathan Lollar; Tunisia and the Arab Spring: Democracy on the Horizon? by Chase Kelly The Historical Oppression of Native Culture and Its Effect on the Issue of Healthcare Between Western and Native Societies by Sydney Beckmann Masculine Empire in Haggard's She by Marlana Hufstetler An Introduction of Knapp's Relational Stage Model & Walker's Cycle of Violence in Intimate Partner Violence Relationships by Elizabeth J. MerrittFACULTY ADVISOR: Dr. Anne Greenfield; MANAGING EDITOR: Erica Even; STUDENT EDITORS: Daniel Miller, Kailyn Middleton; GRAPHIC DESIGNER: Michael LaGon; COVER IMAGE: "Before Our Burdens We Were Stars"by Brandon Moultrie

Spectrum of neurodevelopmental disease associated with the GNAO1 guanosine triphosphate-binding region

Objective To characterize the phenotypic spectrum associated with GNAO1 variants and establish genotype-protein structure-phenotype relationships. Methods We evaluated the phenotypes of 14 patients with GNAO1 variants, analyzed their variants for potential pathogenicity, and mapped them, along with those in the literature, on a three-dimensional structural protein model. Results The 14 patients in our cohort, including one sibling pair, had 13 distinct, heterozygous GNAO1 variants classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic. We attributed the same variant in two siblings to parental mosaicism. Patients initially presented with seizures beginning in the first 3 months of life (8/14), developmental delay (4/14), hypotonia (1/14), or movement disorder (1/14). All patients had hypotonia and developmental delay ranging from mild to severe. Nine had epilepsy, and nine had movement disorders, including dystonia, ataxia, chorea, and dyskinesia. The 13 GNAO1 variants in our patients are predicted to result in amino acid substitutions or deletions in the GNAO1 guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding region, analogous to those in previous publications. Patients with variants affecting amino acids 207-221 had only movement disorder and hypotonia. Patients with variants affecting the C-terminal region had the mildest phenotypes.

Spectrum of neurodevelopmental disease associated with the GNAO1 guanosine triphosphate-binding region

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the phenotypic spectrum associated with GNAO1 variants and establish genotype-protein structure-phenotype relationships. METHODS: We evaluated the phenotypes of 14 patients with GNAO1 variants, analyzed their variants for potential pathogenicity, and mapped them, along with those in the literature, on a three-dimensional structural protein model. RESULTS: The 14 patients in our cohort, including one sibling pair, had 13 distinct, heterozygous GNAO1 variants classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic. We attributed the same variant in two siblings to parental mosaicism. Patients initially presented with seizures beginning in the first 3 months of life (8/14), developmental delay (4/14), hypotonia (1/14), or movement disorder (1/14). All patients had hypotonia and developmental delay ranging from mild to severe. Nine had epilepsy, and nine had movement disorders, including dystonia, ataxia, chorea, and dyskinesia. The 13 GNAO1 variants in our patients are predicted to result in amino acid substitutions or deletions in the GNAO1 guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding region, analogous to those in previous publications. Patients with variants affecting amino acids 207-221 had only movement disorder and hypotonia. Patients with variants affecting the C-terminal region had the mildest phenotypes. SIGNIFICANCE: GNAO1 encephalopathy most frequently presents with seizures beginning in the first 3 months of life. Concurrent movement disorders are also a prominent feature in the spectrum of GNAO1 encephalopathy. All variants affected the GTP-binding domain of GNAO1, highlighting the importance of this region for G-protein signaling and neurodevelopment.status: publishe