Alien Registration- Mccracken, Clarence F. (Gorham, Cumberland County)

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A Comparative Study of Certain Objective Factors of the Protestant and the Public High Schools of New Mexico

The first high schools in America and in New Mexico were conducted by the churches. These high schools were pioneers in educational thought and progress until recent years. Public High schools have made much progress in New Mexico the last quarter of a century. Not only have the public high schools improved in the quality of work they are doing, but they have increased in number until there are high schools in almost every section of New Mexico. This improvement has caused many people who were at one time ardent supporters of Protestant schools to question the advisability of these schools continuing operation, believing these schools less efficient than public high schools. Other people feel that the parochial schools have continued to improve the quality of their work and just as efficient as, if not more so, than, the public schools of New Mexico. It is believed that a comparison of the Protestant and public high schools of New Mexico will be both profitable and enlightening on the basis for determining relative merits and future development of these two groups of schools

Ecología y comportamiento reproductivo de Eleutherodactylus aureolineatus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) del dosel de la cuenca del Amazonas Superior, Ecuador

Exploration and investigation of the anuran fauna in the canopies of the Upper Amazon Basin has led to the recent discoveries of new species of the genus Eleutherodactylus utilizing the microhabitat within bromeliads. Detailed information on the ecology and natural history of these communities are scarce due, in part, to the difficulty of accessing their habitat. New sampling methods for rainforest canopies have allowed for the collection and observation of the herpetofauna utilizing this habitat. Sexual size dimorphism in Eleutherodactylus aureolineatus, confirms placement in the E. unistrigatus species group and E. lacrimosus assemblage. The described microhabitat, vocalization characteristics, reproductive behavior and egg deposition of E. aureolineatus provides significant ecological background on this poorly documented group of frogs and their important "wetlands in the sky". The data and observations herein contribute to the overall understanding of the characters and ecological factors which define the E. lacrimosus assemblage.La exploración y la investigación de la fauna de anuros en el estrato del dosel de la cuenca del Amazonas Superior ha llevado a descubrimientos recientes de nuevas especies del genero Eleutherodactylus que utilizan el interior de las bromelidas como micro-hábitat. La información detallada en la ecología y la historia natural de estas comunidades es escasa debido en parte a la dificultad de acceso de su hábitat. Nuevos métodos de muestreo para doseles de selvas pluviales han tomado en cuenta la colecta y la observación de la herpetofauna que utiliza este hábitat. El dimorfismo sexual de tamaño en Eleutherodactylus aureolineatus confirma su posición dentro del grupo de especies de E. unistrigatus y la colección de E. lacrimosus. La descripción del micro-hábitat, características de vocalización, comportamiento reproductivo y el sitio de deposición de huevo de E. aureolineatus provee antecedentes ecológicos importantes para este grupo de ranas pobremente documentadas y sus importantes "pantanos en el cielo". Los datos y las observaciones que aquí se presentan, contribuyen a la comprensión general de los caracteres y los factores ecológicos que definen la colección de E. lacrimosus

Cosmic ray energy changes at the termination shock and in the heliosheath

Voyager 1 crossed the termination shock of the solar wind in December 2004 at 94 AU and currently measures the cosmic ray intensity in the heliosheath. To better understand this modulation region beyond the shock, where adiabatic energy changes should be small, we review the net effect of energy changes during the modulation process, including adiabatic deceleration in the solar wind, acceleration at the termination shock, and the possibility that stochastic acceleration in the heliosheath may also make a contribution

Cosmogenic Radionuclides as an Extension of the Neutron Monitor Era into the Past: Potential and Limitations

The cosmogenic radionuclides, 10Be, 14C and others, provide a record of the paleo-cosmic radiation that extends >10,000 years into the past. They are the only quantitative means at our disposal to study the heliosphere prior to the commencement of routine sunspot observations in the 17th century. The cosmogenic radionuclides are primarily produced by secondary neutrons generated by the galactic cosmic radiation, and can be regarded, in a sense, as providing an extrapolation of the neutron monitor era into the past. However, their characteristics are quite different from the man-made neutron monitor in several important respects: (1)they are sensitive to somewhat lower cosmic ray energies; (2)their temporal resolution is ∼1 to 2 years, being determined by the rapidity with which they are sequestered in ice, biological, or other archives; (3)the statistical precision for annual data is very poor (∼19%); however it is quite adequate (∼5% for 22-year averages) to study the large variations (±40%) that have occurred in the paleo-cosmic ray record in the past between grand solar minima and maxima. The data contains "noise” caused by local meteorological effects, and longer-term climate effects, and the use of principal component analysis to separate these "system” effects from production effects is outlined. The concentrations of 10Be decreased by a factor of two at the commencement of Holocene, the present-day "interglacial”, due to a 100% increase in the ice accumulation rates in polar regions. The use of the 10Be flux to study heliospheric properties during the last glacial is discussed briefl

A new species of the Eleutherodactylus lacrimosus assemblage (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from the lowland rainforest canopy of Yasuni National Park, Amazonian Ecuador

A new species of Eleutherodactylus from the lowland rainforest canopy in northeastern Amazonian Ecuador is described. It is placed in the Eleutherodactylus lacrimosus assemblage of the greater unistrigatus group. It is most similar to the sympatric species Eleutherodactylus lacrimosus, but differs by the lack of a papilla at the tip of the snout, tubercles on upper eyelids, tubercles on dorsum, dorsal markings, and larger body size, and the presence of lateral fringes on the fingers and a tarsal fold. The new species inhabits tank bromeliads in the upper strata of the rainforest canopy at heights of 23.5-38.0 m. The effects of implementation of canopy surveys on biological diversity are briefly discussed

Population growth of Mexican free-tailed bats \u3cem\u3e(Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana)\u3c/em\u3e predates human agricultural activity

Background Human activities, such as agriculture, hunting, and habitat modification, exert a significant effect on native species. Although many species have suffered population declines, increased population fragmentation, or even extinction in connection with these human impacts, others seem to have benefitted from human modification of their habitat. Here we examine whether population growth in an insectivorous bat (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana) can be attributed to the widespread expansion of agriculture in North America following European settlement. Colonies of T. b. mexicana are extremely large (~106 individuals) and, in the modern era, major agricultural insect pests form an important component of their food resource. It is thus hypothesized that the growth of these insectivorous bat populations was coupled to the expansion of agricultural land use in North America over the last few centuries. Results We sequenced one haploid and one autosomal locus to determine the rate and time of onset of population growth in T. b. mexicana. Using an approximate Maximum Likelihood method, we have determined that T. b. mexicana populations began to grow ~220 kya from a relatively small ancestral effective population size before reaching the large effective population size observed today. Conclusions Our analyses reject the hypothesis that T. b. mexicana populations grew in connection with the expansion of human agriculture in North America, and instead suggest that this growth commenced long before the arrival of humans. As T. brasiliensis is a subtropical species, we hypothesize that the observed signals of population growth may instead reflect range expansions of ancestral bat populations from southern glacial refugia during the tail end of the Pleistocene

Positive effects of methylphenidate on hyperactivity are moderated by monoaminergic gene variants in children with autism spectrum disorders.

Methylphenidate (MPH) reduces hyperactive-impulsive symptoms common in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), however, response and tolerability varies widely. We hypothesized monoaminergic gene variants may moderate MPH effects in ASD, as in typically developing children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Genotype data were available for 64 children with ASD and hyperactivity who were exposed to MPH during a 1-week safety/tolerability lead-in phase and 58 who went on to be randomized to placebo and three doses of MPH during a 4-week blinded, crossover study. Outcome measures included the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scale and the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC-hyperactivity index). A total of 14 subjects discontinued the study because of MPH side effects. Subjects were genotyped for variants in DRD1-DRD5, ADRA2A, SLC6A3, SLC6A4, MAOA and MAOB, and COMT. Forty-nine percent of the sample met positive responder criteria. In this modest but relatively homogeneous sample, significant differences by DRD1 (P=0.006), ADRA2A (P<0.02), COMT (P<0.04), DRD3 (P<0.05), DRD4 (P<0.05), SLC6A3 (P<0.05) and SLC6A4 (P<0.05) genotypes were found for responders versus non-responders. Variants in DRD2 (P<0.001) and DRD3 (P<0.04) were associated with tolerability in the 14 subjects who discontinued the trial. For this first MPH pharmacogenetic study in children with ASD, multiple monoaminergic gene variants may help explain individual differences in MPH's efficacy and tolerability