The Indonesian Economy During the Soeharto Era: a Review

At the beginning of the 1970s it was easy to believe that the road ahead for Indonesiawas difficult. But as the decade unfolded, the changes across the Indonesian economy,and the sustained growth, surpassed all expectations. Numerous dramatic events seizedIndonesian and International attention during the 1970s including corruption issues,the 1972 rice crisis, the Malari riots of early 1974, and the impact of the first oil boomincluding the Pertamina crisis. Anne Booth and I reviewed these developments inour edited collection of articles on The Indonesian economy during the Soeharto era.Looking back, our edited volume captured the excitement of the 1970s and, perhaps,was rather too cautious in looking towards the further gains that changes in the nextfew decades would bring to Indonesia

Review of: Digging Our Own Graves: Coal Miners and the Struggle Over Black Lung

The Journal of Appalachian Health is committed to reviewing published media that relates to contemporary concepts affecting the health of Appalachia. Coal mining and black lung disease have long been a central topic of both political and health communities in Appalachia. The book, Digging Our Own Graves (Coal Miners and the Struggle over Black Lung Disease) by Barbara Ellen Smith, is a well-known title, now updated; its newest edition is reviewed

INFRASTRUCTURE POLICY IN INDONESIA: NEW DIRECTIONS

Indonesia faces an infrastructure crisis. The infrastructure crisis is part of a broader challenge of mobilising investment capital to support overall development. The basicarguments of this article are as follows. First, long-term development in Indonesia will be held back unless increased amounts of priority infrastructure can be provided. Second, the required infrastructure projects will not be constructed unless bottlenecks holding back the investments can be overcome. Third, bottlenecks appear to fall into two main types: financial and real constraints to growth. Fourth, more emphasis on a commercial approach to the provision of infrastructure in Indonesia which emphasises competitionand responsiveness to stakeholders is needed.Keywords: infrastructure; finance; markets; price

Comparing the efficacy of laser fluorescence and explorer examination in detecting subgingival calculus in vivo

This paper investigated the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision of laser fluorescence and tactile probing for the detection of subgingival calculus. The gold standard for subgingival calculus detection has always been tactile probing. In this study 27 teeth were collected and 108 surfaces investigated, one tooth was excluded (group #13) where no calculus was observed on any surface, and three surfaces because of subgingival root caries to avoid confounding data, which left a total of 101 surfaces of 26 extracted teeth that meet the investigation criteria. The presence of subgingival calculus was observed on 75 tooth surfaces (74.25%). There was a correlation between tooth surface and the presence of calculus. Subgingival calculus was from most to least frequently observed on the Distal surface (92.0%), Lingual surface (76.9%), Mesial surface (70.8%) and Facial surface (57.7%). The amount of laser fluoresce increased according to the amount of subgingival calculus. There was a correlation between the amount of subgingival calculus and the amount of laser fluorescence. The tactile probing had a similar sensitivity compared to laser fluorescence for the detection of subgingival calculus. The laser fluorescence was more specific compared to tactile probing for the detection of subgingival calculus. The tactile probing had a similar accuracy compared to laser fluorescence for the detection of subgingival calculus. The laser fluorescence had more precision compared to tactile probing for the detection of subgingival calculus. These results show that by using both tactile probing and laser fluorescence the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision of detecting subgingival calculus can be increased. An increase in the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision of detecting subgingival calculus could help in the diagnosis and treatment of patients suffering from gingival recession and periodontal disease

Financial abuse and older people with impaired capacity: A secondary analysis of Tribunal files

The management of the financial assets of older people is of increasing concern to researchers, practitioners and policy-makers as older people seek to self provide for long periods of retirement, conserve assets for user charges and ensure choice in accommodation, health and lifestyle. This research is part of a broader research project funded by the Australian Research Council that explores and describes the prevalence and practices of non-professional asset management for and on behalf of older people. This thesis focuses upon abusive asset management practices in relation to a vulnerable group of older people with impaired capacity. Despite the vulnerability of this particular group of older people to financial abuse, research in the area is still under-developed. The exploratory and descriptive research design is based on an analysis of data from 234 cases heard by the Guardianship and Administration Tribunal in Queensland, Australia in 2002/3. Access to the Tribunal files enabled an exploration of a usually hidden form of elder abuse and afforded a rich source of data. The research questions explore the nature and extent of financial abuse processes; the concerns that bring financial abuse of older people with impaired capacity to the attention of the Tribunal; the characteristics of the older person that makes them vulnerable to financial abuse; the processes of asset management associated with such abuse and the characteristics and practices of the abuser. The analysis identifies two types of case – suspected financial abuse and non-financial abuse cases. Bi-variate and multi-variate analysis (logistic regression) seeks to determine statistically significant differences between the two types of case and the relationships between the ranges of variables identified from the elder abuse literature. The text in the Tribunal files is used to illustrate aspects of the quantitative data. Suspected financial abuse was identified in about 26% (n=60) of the Tribunal cases sampled. It was noted that financial abuse could occur inadvertently from lack of knowledge about proper asset management practices as well as intentionally. Abuse cases were commonly referred to the Tribunal after financial abuse had occurred and the abuse was noticed usually as a result of some unusual behaviour or conflict that made the application-maker pay closer attention to the older person. Financial abuse happened, irrespective of gender, age, type of impaired capacity, marital status and location (community/care facility) of the older person with impaired capacity. Having access to the older person’s assets, not access to the older person was of primary importance for financial abuse to occur. Close family, particularly adult children, were the predominant financial abusers. Formal arrangements to manage assets such as the Enduring Power of Attorney did not protect the older person from financial abuse and in fact, was the means used to perpetrate the financial abuse in some of the financial abuse cases. Care is taken to limit generalisations to the population of interest: older people with impaired capacity who come to the attention of the Tribunal. These findings challenge some current understandings in the literature about such abuse and highlight the limitations of existing policies, practices and theoretical approaches. Routine Activities theory is proposed as useful for theorising this type of elder abuse and for developing appropriate interventions. A multi-level framework of individual, structural, legal and social responses that cater for the prevention, detection and, if needed, the deterrence of financial abuse is suggested. Recommendations for such policy and practice interventions focus upon the three levels of preventing financial abuse, detecting it and responding to it. Different recommendations are suggested for the different types of financial abuse that emerged from the Tribunal data. Some strategies proposed include raising community awareness about good asset management practices and clarifying who owns the older person’s assets; encouraging family asset managers to use appropriate asset management practices by providing easily accessible education and training; the development of consistent and collaborative protocols and training for aged care workers in relation to preventing, detecting, monitoring and responding to suspected financial abuse; the proposal for the establishment of dedicated protective service workers; encouraging financial institutions to become engaged in monitoring for financial abuse and reviewing current policies in relation to the lack of safeguards surrounding the Enduring Power of Attorney

Infrastructure Policy in Indonesia: New Directions

Indonesia faces an infrastructure crisis. The infrastructure crisis is part of a broader challenge of mobilising investment capital to support overall development. The basicarguments of this article are as follows. First, long-term development in Indonesia will be held back unless increased amounts of priority infrastructure can be provided. Second, the required infrastructure projects will not be constructed unless bottlenecks holding back the investments can be overcome. Third, bottlenecks appear to fall into two main types: financial and real constraints to growth. Fourth, more emphasis on a commercial approach to the provision of infrastructure in Indonesia which emphasises competitionand responsiveness to stakeholders is needed

Joko Widodo’s Indonesia: possible future paths

Overview: This paper looks at the possible paths for policy and development in Indonesia under the leadership of the seventh president of Indonesia, Joko Widodo, who will take office in Jakarta on 20 October. The first part is a stocktake of the challenges that lie ahead. The stocktake assesses the state of play in five areas: the political system; economic challenges; government and administration; social issues; and foreign affairs. Then two possible scenarios of governance under the new administration are considered: an outward-looking reform path or an inward-looking resilience path. The country’s seventh president, Joko Widodo, will need to decide whether to adopt one of these paths or select policies that combine elements from both the reform and the resilience paths