Social dynamics of the northern frontier of Roman Britain

YesDespite much work on the frontier of Roman Britain, major questions concerned with society and settlement archaeology remain underinvestigated. Salient details of two major urban sites, Carlisle and Corbridge, both of which may shed further light on processes of settlement growth and decline, and which may ultimately contribute to a greater understanding of how the frontier worked, are summarized. At Carlisle, and probably also at Corbridge, settlement growth associated with forts was rapid and multi-tracked, but from the later 2nd century AD changes took place associated, perhaps, with enhanced status and a growing sense of community

A subject of dispute: a legal analysis of the claims of India and Pakistan to Kashmir

This diesis analyses the Kashmir dispute between India and Pakistan according to principles of international law. First, the British imperial background to the dispute is described; then, m four chapters, various aspects of the dispute are discussed. Chapter One focusses on the means by which Kashmir joined the Indian union and evaluates several legal objections to the accession of Kashmir to India. Chapter Two looks at the use of force by India, Pakistan, and others in Kashmir, whether force was used legally, and the legal consequences of the territorial situations resulting from the fitting. Chapter Three examines the efforts of the United Nations to resolve the dispute; it also discusses indo-Pakistani bilateral diplomacy. Finally, Chapter Four addresses the question of self-determination in Kashmir, considering the claims of India and Pakistan as well as the notion that Kashmir may be legally entitled to independence. The conclusion of the thesis is that India and Pakistan both have valid claims to portions of Kashmir but that neither may claim it in its entirety; that Kashmir is not entitled to independence; and that the results of a UN-supervised plebiscite should be used to demarcate a permanent Indo-Pakistani boundary

RF free ultrasonic positioning

All wearable centric location sensing technologies must address the issue of clock synchronisation between signal transmitting systems and signal receiving systems. GPS receivers, for example, compensate for synchronisation errors by incorporating a model of the receiver clock offset in the navigation solution. Drift between satellite clocks is also monitored to keep signal data in synch with GPS time. Most ultrasonic positioning systems solve the synchronisation problem by using a second medium for communication between transmitter and receiver devices. The transmitters in these systems emit RF signals (pings) to indicate the transmission of subsequent ultrasound signals (chirps). By subtracting the arrival time of the ping from that of the chirps, the receiver is able to compute the distance to each transmitter. In this paper, we describe an ultrasonic positioning system that does not use RF signals to achieve synchronisation. Instead, it exploits a periodic chirp transmission pattern to model the receiver’s position using chirp reception times exclusively. Not only does the system improve on the accuracy of previous technologies but it also eliminates bulky RF circuitry – a definite advantage for wearable applications where component size and weight are critical for usability.

Utilizing an Electronic Feeder to Measure Mineral and Energy Supplement Intake in Beef Heifers Grazing Native Range

Introduction Grasslands in the Northern Plains provide the primary forage source for ruminants throughout much of the year (Schauer et al., 2004). Supplementation practices are often necessary to maintain production and offset forage nutritive decline throughout the grazing season (Schauer et al., 2004; Cline et al., 2009). Typically, to maintain a targeted production level, energy and protein supplementations are used for grazing livestock (Caton and Dhuyvetter, 1997). For developing heifers consuming low-quality forages, inclusion of energy ingredients into supplements may be beneficial for growth and reproductive performance (Schillo et al., 1992; Ciccioli et al., 2005; Cappellozza et al., 2014). In addition, the use of corn and distillers grains supplement has been compared to evaluate performance responses (Loy et al., 2007) but the influence of these strategies on intake and feeding behavior on pasture are lacking. Moreover, supplementing mineral to cattle grazing poor-quality range vegetation can improve forage utilization and animal performance (Köster et al., 1996; Caton and Dhuyvetter, 1997). An issue with providing mineral supplements to cattle, however, is the degree of variability in intake, with some cattle over consuming or under consuming supplements (Tait and Fisher, 1996; Cockwill et al., 2000; Greene, 2000). However, providing supplements to pasture-based cattle does not allow measurements of individual animal mineral and supplement intake; as a result, mineral and supplement intake is measured on a group basis. The use of electronic monitoring systems in the beef industry has been limited to systems primarily used in research settings to examine the effects on feed intake in relation to cattle growth performance (Islas et al., 2014), daily intake of salt-limited supplements (Reuter et al., 2017), health status (Wolfger et al., 2015), or animal movement in extensive pasture settings (Schauer et al., 2005). These technologies could be adapted easily for the use in beef cattle production systems to monitor activity, feeding or drinking behavior, or as tools for monitoring inventories in intensive or extensive production systems. Therefore, our objectives were to examine the relationship between mineral and energy supplementations provided via an electronic feeder on intake, liver mineral concentrations, and metabolites in heifers being managed on native range

What is psychosis? A meta-synthesis of inductive qualitative studies exploring the experience of psychosis

Qualitative studies have played an important role in elucidating the lived experience of psychosis and there has recently been an increase in the number of such studies. There is now an urgent need to draw together the findings of these studies. This paper performed a meta-synthesis of inductive qualitative peer-reviewed research into psychosis. Ninety-eight articles were identified for systematic appraisal. Four themes, ‘Losing’, ‘Identifying a need for, and seeking, help’, ‘Rebuilding and reforging’, and ‘Better than new: gifts from psychosis’, were identified. The important implications these themes for clinicians and future research are examined upon. These findings also highlight that the experience of psychosis is much more than simply just hallucinations and/or delusions

A galaxy at a redshift of 3.215 - Further studies of the PKS 1614+051 system

A narrow-emission-line companion of the quasar PKS 1614 + 051 was reported earlier as a probable galaxy at a redshift of 3.218, which would have made it by far the most distant galaxy known at the time. We report here on new radio and optical imaging, and optical and near-IR spectroscopy of the PKS 1614 + 051 system. We argue that the data support and reinforce the original interpretation of the companion object as a mildly active galaxy, possibly a marginal Seyfert.2. The object has a detectable and marginally resolved optical continuum, but was not detected at radio .wavelengths. The ionization state is low, and the emission lines are fairly narrow. The improved redshift for the companion, based on the Lyα line alone, is 3.215 ± 0.002. New Lyα images show interesting morphology of extended emission-line gas, suggestive of a possible tidal interaction with the neighboring QSO. Two other, fainter objects in the immediate proximity of the QSO may also be associated with the system. If this is the case, we may be seeing a group of galaxies in the early stages of formation