Les Entreprises Minières Chinoises au Katanga République Démocratique du Congo

The article speaks about the Chinese mining enterprise in Katanga observe by NGO: RAI

The socio-practical dimensions of isitshisa [burning of the heifer] in the Corinthian Church of South Africa

In this article, I argued that the performances of the ritual sacrifice of burning the heifer [isitshisa] and worship, held annually at Mlazi in Durban by the members of the Corinthian Church of South Africa, has social implications. Not only does the ritual worship enhance religious bonds of affinity amongst the Corinthians, it also instils in them the values of sharing, cooperation and care for those in need in the community, for example the blind; thus, isitshisa acts as a resource that empowers the Corinthians for social commitment and action in their community

Impact of urine diversion on Biological Nutrients Removal Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Plant (BNRAS WWTP)

This experimental investigation was started to study the impacts urine separated WW [Wastewater] can have on BNRAS WWTPs [Biological Nutrient Removal Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Plants] with a UCT and a JHB configuration

Mathematical modeling and simulation of closing function of water hammer system during gas production

Mathematical modelling and simulation of closing function of water hammer system during gas production described the speed variation of gas as valves close automatically. The fluctuation of speed witnessed was as a result of automatic valve closing and always give back pressure and the shape of the pressure curve where a wide variety of closing modes exists, depending on the valve type and their operation is mathematically represented by a function. The pressure wave obtained in this work can be significantly important to those in gas producing industries. It is in this regard that the author aim is to reduce the problem encountered in gas producing industries by developing a one-dimensional system of governing equations. The equation was simplified to generic function which was formulated to accommodate a suitable closing laws by means of a polygonal segmented structure and solve by Laplace Transformation. The boundary conditions used in this work is generated from a special algothrim that described the transitory. It is observed that back pressure wave shape and amplitude depend on the closing function of valves and in unique relationship. The results can prevent premature closure of gas in gas producing industries. This work has presented an information about the over-pressure peak, shape and phase of the pressure wave during the gas production. It has an advantage of helping gas production industries in choosing the best type of closing laws and help in arresting the over increase in pressure which may cause rupture to a pipe or cause damage to equipment

Species List and Status of Mammals and Birds in Sambisa Game Reserve, Borno State, Nigeria

This study determined the species list and status of mammals and birds in Sambisa Game Reserve. Species list was determined using direct sighting, animal signs and activities, information from hunters and visits to bush meat processing and selling centers. Results indicate that a total of seventeen (17) species of mammals and fourteen (14) species of birds were inventoried in Sambisa Game Reserve. The status of the mammals is low though the primates are at low risk category whose survival depends on the effective conservation measures. All the birds with the exception of garganey are known to breed in the reserve. It can be concluded from the result that Sambisa Game Reserve contains representative sample of fauna in the Savanna ecosystems of Nigeria

The Dynamics of Investment in Botswana

This paper analyses the dynamics of investment in Botswana from 1960 and 2015. The paper analyses of the forms of investment in the country, policy initiatives impacting investment, investment trends and challenges faced in boosting investment. The study finds that the private investment rate is significantly higher than the public investment rate due to Botswana’s heavy dependence of foreign direct investment. Boosting domestic investment is essential but challenging for a number of reasons. Firstly, Botswana’s economy lacks in diversity and is highly dependent on mineral extraction. In addition, poor access to financial services, high levels of inequality and a high unemployment rate among others lead to stifled growth in domestic private savings, gross domestic savings and ultimately low domestic investment. The study recommends, amongst other things, the strengthening of policy interventions that particularly promote domestic private savings and domestic private investment including economic diversification

Analysis of temperature and pressure surge distribution for single phase gas flow during wellbore shut-in and start-up

Analysis of temperature and pressure surge distribution for single phase gas flow during wellbore start-up and shut-in is a complex phenomenon for gas producing industries. Its occurrence forced the flowing gas to stop abruptly creating a pressure surge and high temperature within the wellbore system. This situation has to be studied for proper characterization, and protection of the producing wells from damage and premature closure. Many authors studies this phenomena in order to have a permanent solution but yet the problem still remain due to differences in environment. In this work, a one-dimensional transient governing equation based on depth and time dependent for start-up and shut-in has been developed. It is solved by finite difference scheme of Steger Warming Flux Vector Splitting Method (FSM). The method is fully transient and unconditionally stable. Surge pressure were analysed and wellbore temperature is predicted using the unsteady state heat transfer model. The results shows that if shut-in time is short, the sound wave propagation speed is faster than that of its longer time period. The result of this work provides a technical reliance to gas producing industries and can serve as guidance in field operations to avoid gas leakages or wellbore damage

The Dynamics of Savings in Botswana

This paper discusses the dynamics of savings in Botswana during the period 1960 to 2015. The paper seeks to enhance a contextual understanding of the dynamics of savings in Botswana through an analysis of its savings composition, policy initiatives, saving trends, as well as challenges faced with respect to savings. The study finds that the gross domestic savings rate in Botswana is significantly high, averaging 26% between 1960 and 2015. Public savings are a significant component of gross domestic savings compared to private savings. Just as in the case of any country, Botswana has been facing some challenges with regards to savings. These include low private savings rate; imported inflation (especially from its major trading partner, South Africa); and high levels of unemployment, poverty and inequality. The study recommends, among other things, the strengthening of policy interventions that particularly promote private savings, while sustaining the current high public savings rates

Savings and Investment Dynamics in South Africa

This paper reviews savings and investment dynamics in South Africa in order to enhance the understanding of savings-investment gap in the country. This is achieved through an analysis of savings and investment trends, policy initiatives implemented and challenges faced. The study finds that saving rates in South Africa have been generally low, while investment rates have been erratic over time. Both variables display a rising trend from 1960 into the 1970s. However, by 2015 the savings rate had decreased significantly, while investment rates were relatively low and erratic when compared to the period between 1964 and 1984. The study recommends that polices that are aimed at strengthening corporate savings, while simultaneously bolstering household and public savings, should be implemented. The study recommends that polices that are likely to boost the cost of capital and returns on investment should be implemented to make the country more attractive to foreign direct investment

Analysis of stochastic model of tuberculosis transmission

In this paper, we consider a stochastic model of tuberculosis imbedded in environmental noise. We prove the existence of global solution , and we establish the stochastic stability of solutions