Synthesis and electrooptical characterization of polysiloxanes containing indolyl groups acting as photoconductive substrates for photorefractive materials

Abstract Synthesis and electrooptical analysis of polysiloxane and poly-N-vinyl derivatives containing indolyl groups are reported. The indole group and some of its methyl derivatives have been taken into account in order to evaluate their behaviour, with respect to that of the widely employed carbazole group, when used as photoconductive centres attached to a polymer chain. The obtained data show that photoconductivity and traps formation mechanism can be inferred as functions of the physico-chemical parameters (electric dipole moment and ionization potential) of the different groups and polymers involved. To this end such parameters have been carefully computed for a series of pyrrole, indole and carbazole derivatives. The 2,3-dimethylindole derivative appears to be particularly promising due to its electrooptical behaviour in the red absorption region where measurements have been accomplished and are shown to be consistent with the theoretical predictions

Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Leader Member Exchange Scale (LMX-7): A Validation Study

For decades, scholars have studied leader–member exchange (LMX) relationships to understand and explain the effects of leadership on follower attitudes and performance outcomes within work settings. One available instrument to measure these aspects is the LMX-7 scale. This measurement has been widely used in empirical studies, but its psychometric properties have been poorly explored. The aim of this study was to test the psychometric characteristics (content, structural and construct validity, and reliability) of the Italian version of the LMX-7 scale and to support its cultural adaptation. We used a cross-sectional multi-center design. The forward–backward translation process was used to develop the Italian version of the scale. The scale was administered through an online survey to 837 nurses and nurse managers working in different settings. The factorial structure was tested using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA), and reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha. For the construct validity, we used hypothesis testing and differentiation by known groups. The Italian version of the LMX-7 scale presented one dimension. All the psychometric tests performed confirmed its validity and suggested its usefulness for future research

LoCuSS: A comparison of cluster mass measurements from XMM-Newton and subaru - Testing deviation from hydrostatic equilibrium and non-thermal pressure support

We compare X-ray hydrostatic and weak-lensing mass estimates for a sample of 12 clusters that have been observed with both XMM-Newton and Subaru. At an over-density of \u394 = 500, we obtain 1 - M X/M WL = 0.01 \ub1 0.07 for the whole sample. We also divided the sample into undisturbed and disturbed sub-samples based on quantitative X-ray morphologies using asymmetry and fluctuation parameters, obtaining 1 - M X/M WL = 0.09 \ub1 0.06 and -0.06 \ub1 0.12 for the undisturbed and disturbed clusters, respectively. In addition to non-thermal pressure support, there may be a competing effect associated with adiabatic compression and/or shock heating which leads to overestimate of X-ray hydrostatic masses for disturbed clusters, for example, in the famous merging cluster A1914. Despite the modest statistical significance of the mass discrepancy, on average, in the undisturbed clusters, we detect a clear trend of improving agreement between M X and M WL as a function of increasing over-density, M^X/M^WL=(0.908 \ub1 0.004)+(0.187 \ub1 0.010) cdot log_{10} (\u394 /500). We also examine the gas mass fractions, f gas = M gas/M WL, finding that they are an increasing function of cluster radius, with no dependence on dynamical state, in agreement with predictions from numerical simulations. Overall, our results demonstrate that XMM-Newton and Subaru are a powerful combination for calibrating systematic uncertainties in cluster mass measurements

How future surgery will benefit from SARS-COV-2-related measures: a SPIGC survey conveying the perspective of Italian surgeons

COVID-19 negatively affected surgical activity, but the potential benefits resulting from adopted measures remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in surgical activity and potential benefit from COVID-19 measures in perspective of Italian surgeons on behalf of SPIGC. A nationwide online survey on surgical practice before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic was conducted in March-April 2022 (NCT:05323851). Effects of COVID-19 hospital-related measures on surgical patients' management and personal professional development across surgical specialties were explored. Data on demographics, pre-operative/peri-operative/post-operative management, and professional development were collected. Outcomes were matched with the corresponding volume. Four hundred and seventy-three respondents were included in final analysis across 14 surgical specialties. Since SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, application of telematic consultations (4.1% vs. 21.6%; p < 0.0001) and diagnostic evaluations (16.4% vs. 42.2%; p < 0.0001) increased. Elective surgical activities significantly reduced and surgeons opted more frequently for conservative management with a possible indication for elective (26.3% vs. 35.7%; p < 0.0001) or urgent (20.4% vs. 38.5%; p < 0.0001) surgery. All new COVID-related measures are perceived to be maintained in the future. Surgeons' personal education online increased from 12.6% (pre-COVID) to 86.6% (post-COVID; p < 0.0001). Online educational activities are considered a beneficial effect from COVID pandemic (56.4%). COVID-19 had a great impact on surgical specialties, with significant reduction of operation volume. However, some forced changes turned out to be benefits. Isolation measures pushed the use of telemedicine and telemetric devices for outpatient practice and favored communication for educational purposes and surgeon-patient/family communication. From the Italian surgeons' perspective, COVID-related measures will continue to influence future surgical clinical practice

La riforma della contabilità economico-patrimoniale nel PNRR

La Riforma 1.15 del PNRR, inserita tra le cosiddette “riforme abilitanti”, prevede l’adozione di un sistema unico di contabilità economico-patrimoniale per la rendicontazione da parte di tutte le Amministrazioni Pubbliche del nostro Paese. L’articolo ripercorre le tappe fondamentali che hanno condotto alla definizione del progetto di riforma e ne illustra gli obiettivi salienti, collocandoli nel quadro del processo di armonizzazione contabile e di transizione a sistemi a base accrual in atto a livello europeo a seguito della Dir. 2011/85/UE del Consiglio. La capacità di rispettare gli impegni assunti con il PNRR e gli esiti della Riforma dipendono dalla capacità di progettare ed eseguire tempestivamente le complesse azioni richieste, assicurandone uno stretto coordinamento. A tal scopo, il D.L. n. 152/2021 ha affidato la realizzazione della Riforma alla Struttura di governance per la contabilità accrual già istituita nell’ambito del Dipartimento della Ragioneria Generale dello Stato. Ad illustrare gli obiettivi e i profili organizzativi e procedurali della nuova Struttura di governance è dedicata la seconda parte dell’articolo. Tra gli aspetti maggiormente innovativi per il nostro ordinamento, si colloca la costituzione di un organo tecnico indipendente con funzioni di proposta del quadro concettuale e degli standard contabili alla base del nuovo sistema, nonché l’adozione di un procedimento di statuizione formale, trasparente e aperto al contributo degli interlocutori interessati (due process). Nel fornire una descrizione dettagliata di questi aspetti, l’articolo intende favorirne la conoscenza e la diffusione presso la vasta platea di soggetti potenzialmente interessati, considerata la rilevanza della loro partecipazione attiva alle varie fasi del processo di riforma

Synthesis and electrooptical characterization of polysiloxanes containing indolyl groups acting as photoconductive substrates for photorefractive materials

Abstract Synthesis and electrooptical analysis of polysiloxane and poly-N-vinyl derivatives containing indolyl groups are reported. The indole group and some of its methyl derivatives have been taken into account in order to evaluate their behaviour, with respect to that of the widely employed carbazole group, when used as photoconductive centres attached to a polymer chain. The obtained data show that photoconductivity and traps formation mechanism can be inferred as functions of the physico-chemical parameters (electric dipole moment and ionization potential) of the different groups and polymers involved. To this end such parameters have been carefully computed for a series of pyrrole, indole and carbazole derivatives. The 2,3-dimethylindole derivative appears to be particularly promising due to its electrooptical behaviour in the red absorption region where measurements have been accomplished and are shown to be consistent with the theoretical predictions

Il bilancio di esercizio secondo la normativa e i principi contabili nazionali

Il volume, partendo dalla lettura della gestione aziendale secondo il modello economico-finanziario nel quale a categorie omogenee di operazioni trovano rispondenza categorie altrettanto omogenee di valori, prosegue nel percorso avviato con il precedente lavoro dedicato alle rilevazioni in contabilit\ue0 generale per focalizzarsi sul bilancio d'esercizio nella sua veste di principale strumento di comunicazione aziendale sia per i soggetti interni che esterni all\u2019impresa. Nel fare questo analizza i principi e i documenti del bilancio per poi descrivere le classi di voci dello stato patrimoniale, affrontando criticamente le loro problematiche di valutazione ed esposizione e tenendo conto di tutti i cambiamenti introdotti nella normativa civilistica dal D.Lgs. n. 139/2015, dei principi contabili nazionali pubblicati dall'OIC e di quelli internazionali redatti dallo IASB, nonch\ue9 delle norme fiscali rilevanti, senza mai tralasciare i legami concettuali fra la dottrina aziendalistica e le soluzioni indicate dalle norme e dai principi in questione

Self-efficacy, burnout and academic success in nursing students: A counterfactual mediation analysis

Aim To test the mediating role of burnout in the relationship between self-efficacy and academic success in nursing students. Design This was a cross-sectional secondary analysis of longitudinal research aimed at exploring the academic success of nursing students. Methods We enrolled a convenience sample of nursing students attending 21 Italian baccalaureate nursing degree programmes. Data were collected from 2014 to the 2018-2019 academic year. We analysed the wave of data collected during the third year of the programme. The measurements were the Academic Nurse Self-Efficacy scale (ANSEs) and the Scale of Work Burnout (SWEBO). A mediation analysis with a counterfactual approach was performed. Results The participants (n = 556) had a median age of 20 years (IQR 19-22) and the majority was female [70.5% (392/556)]. Academic success was reached by 51.97% (289/556) of the students. The findings reveal a significant direct effect of self-efficacy on academic success and also a significant indirect effect of this relationship via burnout. Conclusion The mechanism by which self-efficacy influences academic performance in nursing students is more complex than a simple direct relationship. Universities should consider screening students for variables affecting academic success to decrease academic costs and increase ranking systems classification. Impact Nurses' professors should be engaged in strategies to promote self-efficacy. The area of intervention should be structured both during classes and internships, in tandem with the mentor and the clinical nurse

Burnout Syndrome Among Master’s Degree Nursing Students Using a Compromising Negotiation Style Evaluated Through a Serious Game

Burnout syndrome is widespread among healthcare professionals, causing many physical and mental problems for individuals, and leading to negative outcomes for organizations and the quality of care that they provide. The aim of this study was to assess burnout among master’s degree nursing students and to evaluate its possible relationship with a compromising negotiation style. A descriptive comparative study was conducted. Nurses’ personal, academic, and professional data were collected. Burnout was measured using the Italian version of the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, with its two dimensions of disengagement and exhaustion. Negotiation skills were assessed through a Serious Game based on Rahim and Bonoma’s theory of conflict management that included daily life five scenarios. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed in a sample of 33 students. The results showed a mean disengagement level of 3.2 (SD 0.6) points and an exhaustion level of 2.8 (SD 0.7) points. In three serious game scenarios, students who did not use a compromising negotiation style had significantly higher disengagement levels than those who did (Sports, p = 0.019; Motorbike, p = 0.008; CD Store, p < 0.001). The students seemed to appreciate the engagement in the study and the game used. This is the first study to assess burnout together with negotiation styles identified through a Serious Game. The findings suggest that implementing alternative training strategies, combined with traditional teaching could support students in better integrating theoretical and practical knowledge and engaging in active learning