The effect of butaselmevit and closaverm A on the immune status of cows with experimental fasciolosis sensitized by atypical mycobacteria

There are many reports in the literature about the critical role of the immune system in protecting the body against foreign agents. However, the role of immune status in the association of mycobacteriosis and fasciolosis has not been studied. The work aimed to investigate the effect of butaselmevit and closaverm A on the immune status of cows with experimental fasciolosis sensitized by atypical mycobacteria. For the trial, 15 cows of 4–5 years of age, black and spotted breed, were selected, from which 3 groups were formed, five animals in each. Cows of the first research group for experimental fasciolosis were injected intramuscularly with closaverm A at a dose of 0.5 ml of the drug per 10 kg of body weight. The animals of the second experimental group, for experimental fasciolosis, were intramuscularly injected with closaverm A at a dose of 0.5 ml of the drug per 10 kg of body weight and butaselmevit at a dose of 10 ml of the drug per animal. The obtained results indicate that the drugs “Klosaverm A” and “Butaselmevit” when administered intramuscularly to cows with experimental fasciolosis, sensitized by atypical mycobacteria, contribute to the activation of cellular and nonspecific links of immunity. It should be noted that a number of our research also established the stimulating effect of drugs on the humoral link of immunity, in particular, an increase in the bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum of cows associated with mycobacteriosis and fasciolosis. Using “Klosaverm A” and “Butaselmevit” drugs in experimental groups of animals helped reduce the level of CIC to physiological values starting from the 21st day of the experiment. It should be noted that according to the indicators of the immune system in cows with experimental fasciolosis, sensitized by atypical mycobacteria, the combined use of closer A and butaselmevit shows a better therapeutic effect than the use of only closaverm A alone

Magnetically controlled exciton transfer in hybrid quantum dot-quantum well nanostructures

A magnetophotoluminescence study of the carrier transfer with hybrid InAs/GaAs quantum dot(QD)-InGaAs quantum well (QW) structures is carried out where we observe an unsual dependence of the photoluminescence (PL) on the GaAs barrier thickness at strong magnetic field and excitation density. For the case of a thin barrier the QW PL intensity is observed to increase at the expense of a decrease in the QD PL intensity. This is attributed to changes in the interplane carrier dynamics in the QW and the wetting layer (WL) resulting from increasing the magnetic field along with changes in the coupling between QD excited states and exciton states in the QW and the WL

Atom made from charged elementary black hole

It is believed that there may have been a large number of black holes formed in the very early universe. These would have quantised masses. A charged ``elementary black hole'' (with the minimum possible mass) can capture electrons, protons and other charged particles to form a ``black hole atom''. We find the spectrum of such an object with a view to laboratory and astronomical observation of them, and estimate the lifetime of the bound states. There is no limit to the charge of the black hole, which gives us the possibility of observing Z>137 bound states and transitions at the lower continuum. Negatively charged black holes can capture protons. For Z>1, the orbiting protons will coalesce to form a nucleus (after beta-decay of some protons to neutrons), with a stability curve different to that of free nuclei. In this system there is also the distinct possibility of single quark capture. This leads to the formation of a coloured black hole that plays the role of an extremely heavy quark interacting strongly with the other two quarks. Finally we consider atoms formed with much larger black holes.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figure

Cooperative Effects in the Photoluminescence of (In,Ga)As/GaAs Quantum Dot Chain Structures

Multilayer In0.4Ga0.6As/GaAs quantum dot (QD) chain samples are investigated by means of cw and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy in order to study the peculiarities of interdot coupling in such nanostructures. The temperature dependence of the PL has revealed details of the confinement. Non-thermal carrier distribution through in-chain, interdot wave function coupling is found. The peculiar dependences of the PL decay time on the excitation and detection energies are ascribed to the electronic interdot coupling and the long-range coupling through the radiation field. It is shown that the dependence of the PL decay time on the excitation wavelength is a result of the superradiance effect

ПРОГНОЗУВАННЯ ФАКТОРІВ РИЗИКУ ПАТОЛОГІЇ СИСТЕМИ ДИХАННЯ ТА РІВЕНЬ ЗНАНЬ МЕДИЧНИХ СЕСТЕР ЩОДО ПРОФІЛАКТИКИ НОЗОКОМІАЛЬНОЇ ПНЕВМОНІЇ

The aim of the work. To analyze the prevalence of nosocomial pneumonias (NP) in surgical and therapeutic departments and determine the nurses’ knowledge on the problem of preventing hospital pneumonia. Materials and Methods. In order to determine the nurses’ level of knowledge on the problems of preventing nosocomial pneumonia, a questionnaire was developed and applied, which included 20 questions with answers. Results and Discussion. The prevalence of hospital pneumonia in the departments of the therapeutic and surgical profiles is high. The incidence of NP in the surgical department is predominant in males, among the risk factors in which tobacco smoking prevails. In females with NP, the main etiological factors include poor nutrition and obesity. Comparing the level of nurses’ knowledge in therapeutic and surgical departments it was found that nurses of surgical department have shown better knowledge of NP identifying and epidemiology. Nursing stuff of both profiles has poor knowledge about pathogens of NP. The most problematic for nurses of both departments is the issue of preventing NP in case of various surgical interventions during preoperative period. Conclusions. The results of the surveys with this questionnaire can be used to focus educational programs on NP prevention.Мета роботи. Проаналізувати поширеність нозокоміальних пневмоній (НП) у хірургічних та терапевтичних відділеннях лікарні й визначити знання медичних сестер щодо проблеми профілактики госпітальної пневмонії. Матеріали і методи. Для визначення рівня знань медичних сестер з проблем профілактики нозокоміальної пневмонії було розроблено та застосовано анкету, яка включала 20 запитань із відповідями. Результати й обговорення. Поширеність госпітальної пневмонії у відділеннях терапевтичного та хірургічного профілів висока. Захворюваність на НП у хірургічному відділенні переважає серед чоловіків, де основним фактором ризику є тютюнокуріння. У жінок із НП до основних етіологічних чинників відносять нераціональне харчування та ожиріння. Порівнюючи рівень знань медичних сестер у терапевтичних та хірургічних відділеннях, було встановлено, що медсестри хірургічного відділення показали кращі знання щодо виявлення НП та епідеміології. Медичні сестри обох профілів мають низькі знання щодо збудників хвороби НП. Найпроблемнішим для них є питання запобігання НП при різних хірургічних втручаннях у передопераційному періоді. Висновки. Результати опитування за допомогою запропонованої анкети можуть бути використані для орієнтації освітніх програм для профілактики НП

Conformal Invariance and Cosmic Background Radiation

The spectrum and statistics of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) are investigated under the hypothesis that scale invariance of the primordial density fluctuations should be promoted to full conformal invariance. As in the theory of critical phenomena, this hypothesis leads in general to deviations from naive scaling. The spectral index of the two-point function of density fluctuations is given in terms of the quantum trace anomaly and is greater than one, leading to less power at large distance scales than a strict Harrison-Zel'dovich spectrum. Conformal invariance also implies non-gaussian statistics for the higher point correlations and in particular, it completely determines the large angular dependence of the three-point correlations of the CMBR.Comment: 4 pages, Revtex file, uuencoded with one figur

Параметри токсичності кислотного мийно-дезінфікуючого засобу на основі ортофосфатної кислоти з полігексаметиленгуанідином

The sanitary condition of milking equipment and dairy equipment is one of the main factors on which the quality and, primarily, the safety of the obtained products depend. According to the approved requirements, means for the sanitary treatment of milking equipment must have a broad antimicrobial spectrum, high bactericidal activity both in the absence and presence of organic substances and water hardness salts, destroy microorganisms that can form a biofilm, and are present in it, not cause an irritating effect on the skin of the hands, be non-toxic or low-toxic, etc. Therefore, to establish the disinfectant's compliance with the specified requirements, even at the stage of its development, it is envisaged to carry out toxicological studies aimed at determining toxicity, side effects, and the ability to accumulate in the body. Our work aimed to establish the toxicity parameters of the developed acidic detergent-disinfectant with polyhexamethyleneguanidine intended for the sanitary-hygienic treatment of milking equipment and dairy equipment. Indicators of acute toxicity of the developed disinfectant were determined in preliminary and extensive experiments. In a preliminary experiment, it was established that the administration of the native remedy to rats at a dose of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg of body weight did not cause their death, while at a dose of 5000 mg/kg of body weight, it caused the death of the animals. In an acute experiment, it was established that the studied detergent-disinfectant based on orthophosphate acid with polyhexamethyleneguanidine at a dose of 2000 mg/kg of body weight did not cause the death of rats, while at a dose of 2500 mg/kg of body weight, it caused the death of 1 animal, at a dose of 3000 mg/kg – 2 animals, and in doses of 3500, 4000 and 4500 mg/kg of body weight – 4, 5 and 6 animals, respectively. Examining the acute toxicity of a 0.5 % solution of the studied disinfectant in doses of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 mg/kg of body weight in a focused experiment and 5000 and 10000 mg/kg of body weight in an extended experiment, it was established that there were no dead or sick rats. It has been proven that, according to SOU 85.2-37-736:2011, the substance under study belongs to the IV toxicity class, which combines low-toxic substances, since its DL50 in its native form for white rats with intragastric administration is more than 3250 mg/kg of body weight, and 0.5 % solution – more than 10,000 mg/kg of body weight. In its native form, the developed disinfectant causes slight irritation of the skin and mucous membrane of the eyes of rabbits. At a concentration of 0.5 %, it has no irritating effect. The tool does not accumulate in the body, has no resorptive effect, and does not cause probable changes in the mass of internal organs. With long-term intragastric administration, it causes an increase in the number of leukocytes, hemoglobin and total protein, ALT, and AST activity (P < 0.001) and a decrease in the number of lymphocytes, monocytes, lipids and triglycerides, hematocrit value, alkaline phosphatase activity, lysozyme, and bactericidal activity.Санітарний стан доїльного обладнання і молочного інвентарю є одним із основних чинників, від якого залежать якість і особливо безпечність одержаної продукції. Згідно з затвердженими вимогами засоби для санітарної обробки доїльного обладнання повинні володіти широким антимікробним спектром, високою бактерицидною активністю як за відсутності, так і за наявності органічних речовин та солей твердості води, знищувати мікроорганізми, які володіють здатністю формувати біоплівку і містяться у ній, не спричиняти подразнюючої дії на шкіру рук, бути нетоксичними або малотоксичними тощо. Тому для встановлення відповідності дезінфекційного засобу вказаним вимогам ще на етапі його розробки передбачено проведення токсикологічних досліджень, спрямованих на визначення токсичності, побічної дії та здатності кумулюватися в організмі. Метою нашої роботи було встановити параметри токсичності розроблюваного кислотного мийно-дезінфікуючого засобу із полігексаметиленгуанідином, призначеного для санітарно-гігієнічної обробки доїльного устаткування та молочного інвентарю. Показники гострої токсичності розроблюваного дезінфектанту визначали в орієнтовному та розгорнутому дослідах. В орієнтовному досліді встановлено, що введення нативного засобу щурам у дозі 500, 1000 та 2000 мг/кг маси тіла не викликало їхньої загибелі, тимчасом як у дозі 5000 мг/кг маси тіла – зумовило смерть тварин. У гострому експерименті встановлено, що досліджуваний мийно-дезінфікуючий засіб на основі ортофосфатної кислоти із полігексаметиленгуанідином у дозі 2000 мг/кг маси тіла не спричинив загибелі щурів, тимчасом як у дозі 2500 мг/кг маси тіла зумовив смерть 1 тварини, у дозі 3000 мг/кг – 2 тварин, а у дозах 3500, 4000 та 4500 мг/кг маси тіла – відповідно 4, 5 та 6 тварин. Досліджуючи гостру токсичність 0,5 % розчину досліджуваного дезінфектанта у дозах 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 і 5000 мг/кг маси тіла в орієнтованому досліді і 5000 та 10000 мг/кг маси тіла у розгорнутому досліді встановлено відсутність загиблих чи хворих щурів. Доведено, що відповідно до СОУ  85.2-37-736:2011 досліджуваний засіб належить до ІV класу токсичності, який об’єднує малотоксичні речовини, оскільки його DL50 у нативній формі для білих щурів за внутрішньошлункового застосування становить понад 3250 мг/кг маси тіла, а 0,5 % розчину – більшою за 10000 мг/кг маси тіла. У нативній формі розроблений дезінфектант спричиняє незначне подразнення шкіри і слизової оболонки ока кролів, а у 0,5 % концентрації подразнююча дія відсутня. Засіб не кумулюється в організмі, не володіє резорбтивною дією, не зумовлює вірогідних змін маси внутрішніх органів. За тривалого внутрішньошлункового введення зумовлює зростання кількості лейкоцитів, рівня гемоглобіну і загального протеїну, активності АлАТ і АсАТ ( P < 0,001) та зменшення кількості лімфоцитів, моноцитів, ліпідів і тригліцеридів, гематокритної величини, активності лужної фосфатази, лізоцимної і бактерицидної активності

Population of isomers in decay of the giant dipole resonance

The value of an isomeric ratio (IR) in N=81 isotones ($^{137}$Ba, $^{139}$Ce, $^{141}$Nd and $^{143}$Sm) is studied by means of the ($\gamma, n)$ reaction. This quantity measures a probability to populate the isomeric state in respect to the ground state population. In ($\gamma, n)$ reactions, the giant dipole resonance (GDR) is excited and after its decay by a neutron emission, the nucleus has an excitation energy of a few MeV. The forthcoming $\gamma$ decay by direct or cascade transitions deexcites the nucleus into an isomeric or ground state. It has been observed experimentally that the IR for $^{137}$Ba and $^{139}$Ce equals about 0.13 while in two heavier isotones it is even less than half the size. To explain this effect, the structure of the excited states in the energy region up to 6.5 MeV has been calculated within the Quasiparticle Phonon Model. Many states are found connected to the ground and isomeric states by $E1$, $E2$ and $M1$ transitions. The single-particle component of the wave function is responsible for the large values of the transitions. The calculated value of the isomeric ratio is in very good agreement with the experimental data for all isotones. A slightly different value of maximum energy with which the nuclei rest after neutron decay of the GDR is responsible for the reported effect of the A-dependence of the IR.Comment: 16 pages, 4 Fig

The state of the immune system of rats under conditions of oxidative stress and the influence of the feed additive “Sylimevit”

The immune system plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's homeostasis, determining the state of health of animals and their ability to adapt. The work aimed to investigate the effect of a feed additive based on milk thistle fruits, selenium, metiphene, and vitamins A, E, and C on rats' immune status under experimental tetrachloromethane poisoning conditions. The study was conducted on young white male Wistar laboratory rats. Intragastric administration of tetrachloromethane twice (with an interval of 48 hours) in a dose of 0.1 ml per 100 g of body weight in a 50 % oil solution was used for the experimental intoxication of rats. The animals of the second experimental group were fed the feed additive “Sylimevit” for 30 days together with feed at a dose of 0.1 g per 100 g of body weight. The introduction of tetrachloromethane in experimental groups of rats led to the development of oxidative stress, which occurs due to specific chemical processes in the body of experimental animals. It was found that the development of oxidative stress caused by tetrachloromethane leads to suppression of the humoral and nonspecific link of the immune system of rats. This is manifested in a decrease in the bactericidal and lysozyme activity of the blood serum, a decrease in the phagocytic index, and the phagocytic activity of neutrophils. In addition, an increase in the number of circulating immune complexes was observed. It was also established that feeding the feed additive “Sylimevit” strengthens the immune defense of the body of rats poisoned with tetrachloromethane. This feed additive helps to strengthen the body's defense mechanisms, increasing the immune response and helping to resist the toxic effects of tetrachloromethane

Nucleon-nucleon interaction in the JJ-matrix inverse scattering approach and few-nucleon systems

The nucleon-nucleon interaction is constructed by means of the $J$-matrix version of inverse scattering theory. Ambiguities of the interaction are eliminated by postulating tridiagonal and quasi-tridiagonal forms of the potential matrix in the oscillator basis in uncoupled and coupled waves, respectively. The obtained interaction is very accurate in reproducing the $NN$ scattering data and deuteron properties. The interaction is used in the no-core shell model calculations of $^3$H and $^4$He nuclei. The resulting binding energies of $^3$H and $^4$He are very close to experimental values.Comment: Text is revised, new figures and references adde