Th e roles of environmental and geographic variables in explaining the diff erential wintering distribution of a migratory passerine in southern Europe

Abstract In birds, spatial segregation between age or sex categories during the non-breeding period is a common phenomenon. The main single-factor hypotheses that have been stated to explain this are: (1) body-size variations (that result in more or less cold tolerance) interact with local climate, which promotes age-or sex-associated distributional optima; (2) the dominant age or sex monopolizes high-quality areas; and (3) the age or sex overwintering closer to breeding quarters does so due to the benefits of earlier arrival at the breeding quarters. Southern European countries host millions of birds from northern Europe during the winter period each year. In this work, we aimed to determine the ultimate causes (geographic location and distance to obligate migratory pathways, temperature and land use as a surrogate for food availability) explaining spatial segregation of Reed Buntings (Emberiza schoeniclus) by age and sex in winter. We used data from 38 sampling points across Iberia during the winter of 2011-2012. Reed Bunting abundance did not fit any of our possible models better than the null model, so we were unable to predict bird numbers across Iberia. Moreover, males were found to be predominant at sites close to presumably obligate migratory pathways (western/eastern Pyrenees). Body mass was higher in first-year birds and males, and tended to increase with distance to obligate migratory pathways, land use (in particular with a decreasing proportion of open habitats and urban areas), increasing minimum temperature, and decreasing mean temperature. Our data suggest that the increase in the proportion of males close to obligate migratory pathways is associated with the advantage to males in wintering as close as possible to breeding quarters

Seroprevalencia de agentes de transmisión vertical en gestantes del Área Norte de Granada

Tesis Univ. Granada. Programa Oficial de Posgrado en: Inmunologí

Landsat and MODIS Images for Burned Areas Mapping in Galicia, Spain

The extent, frequency and intensity of forest fires in Mediterranean regions have become an important problem in recent decades. Nowadays, remote sensing is an essential tool for the planning and management of the land at different scales. In the field of forest fires remote sensing images have been used in many different types of studies and currently applied to detect burned areas by means of images, providing quickly, easily and affordable the limits of burned areas immediately during or after the fire season. The importance of these products lies in the possibility to obtain perimeter, area and damage level caused by wildfires. The objective of this study was the evaluation of multi-scale remotely sensed images and various mapping methods for the identification and estimation of burned areas. The area of the study was situated in Galicia, a region of Spain punished year after year by important wildfires. By employing 7 images before, during and after the occurrence of forest fires, and working with different methods it was possible the collection of several products and results. The satellite imagery used was Landsat TM5 and MODIS, and the methods carried out were mainly spectral indices such as Normalized Burnt Ratio (NBR), Short Wave InfraRed Index (SWIR), Burnt Area Index (BAI), Burnt Area Index for MODIS (BAIM) and supervised classifications. Based on a wide literature review there were selected as suitable techniques for assess, localize and quantify burned areas. The work was separated in two sections, being differenced monotemporal and multitemporal analyses, depending on the images involved in each part. The results showed that which indices can distinguish burned areas with the high precision. There were found common problems of all indices as the classification of burned areas in shaded regions as unburned areas. Landsat images proved to be the most accurate images to perform studies with burned areas due to its high spatial resolution comparing with MODIS images. As a final products were obtained with precision the total burned area, the perimeter, the localization and the burn severity of the regions affected by wildfires. The data obtained could be used to create a database of burned areas, or based in the repetitive patterns, as useful information in order to prevent future forest fires

Marketing Communications Assessment in the company „Narvesen"

Darba mērķis ir pamatojoties uz mārketinga komunikāciju teorētiskām atziņām un klientu aptaujas rezultātiem, izpētīt mārketinga komunikāciju pielietojumu uzņēmumā „Narvesen” ,atklāt nepilnības un sniegt priekšlikumus mārketinga komunikāciju pilnveidošanai . Darba 1 nodaļā raksturotas mārketinga komunikācijas, otrajā nodaļā apskatīta uzņēmuma Narvesen darbības attīstība , kā arī esošās mārketinga komunikācijas. Trešajā nodaļā –Narvesen klientu aptaujas rezultāti .Darba beigās doti secinājumi un priekšlikumi. Darbs sastāv no 69 lappusēm, tajā atrodas 39 attēli, 5 tabulas. Darbam pievienoti 3 pielikumi.The aim of the work is based on theoretical knowledge of marketing communications and customer survey results,, to explore the use of marketing communications company "Narvesen", identifying the weaknesses and make suggestions for improvement of marketing communications. The 1 Chapter has described the marketing communication, the second chapter author has described the company Narvesen it development, as well as the marketing communications. The third chapter -Narvesen customer survey results. End of work are given conclusions and proposals. The work consists of 69 pages, 39 images, 3 tables, 3 appendixes