Solar Radiation Modelling and Forecasting

[EN]In this paper, an adaptive solar radiation numerical model for complex terrains is described.Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad del Gobierno de España; Fondos FEDER

Improving shadows detection for solar radiation numerical models

[EN]Solar radiation numerical models need the implementation of an accurate method for determining cast shadows on the terrain or on solar collectors. The aim of this work is the development of a new methodology to detect the shadows on a particular terrain. The paper addresses the detection of self and cast shadows produced by the orography as well as those caused by clouds. The paper presents important enhancements on the methodology proposed by the authors in previous works, to detect the shadows caused by the orography. The domain is the terrain surface discretised using an adaptive mesh of triangles. A triangle of terrain will be under cast shadows when, looking at the mesh from the Sun, you can find another triangle that covers all or partially the first one. For each time step, all the triangles should be checked to see if there are cast or self shadows on it. The computational cost of this procedure eventually resulted unaffordable when dealing with complex topography such as that in Canary Islands thus, a new methodology was developed. This one includes a filtering system to identify which triangles are those likely to be shadowed. If there are no self shadowed triangles, the entire mesh will be illuminated and there will not be any shadows. Only triangles that have their backs towards the Sun will be able to cast shadows on other triangles. Detection of shadows generated by clouds is achieved by a shadow algorithm using satellite images. In this paper, Landsat 8 images have been used. The code was done in python programming language. Finally, the outputs of both approaches, shadows generated by the topography and generated by clouds, can be combined in one map. The whole problem has been tested in Gran Canaria and Tenerife Island (Canary Islands – Spain), and in the Tatra Mountains (Poland and Slovakia).Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad del Gobierno de Españ

Generación de Mallas y Simulación Numérica en Medioambiente

[ES]En esta conferencia se introducen ideas básicas sobre la simulación numérica, mediante el método de los elementos finitos (MEF), de problemas medioambientales que han sido abordados por nuestro grupo en diversos proyectos de investigación sobre simulación de campos de viento, radiación solar, contaminación atmosférica y la modelización de yacimientos de petróleo

Benchmarking on improvement and site-adaptation techniques for modeled solar radiation datasets

International audienc

Huertos urbanos como herramienta para la mitigación del cambio climático a través del cambio de comportamientos

En ciudades en las que prima el sector servicios, donde las rentas suelen ser medio-altas, las acciones asociadas al consumo tienen un mayor impacto sobre el cambio climático que aquéllas asociadas a la producción de bienes tangibles. Esto confiere a las decisiones individuales un gran poder transformador. En los últimos años se ha multiplicado la presencia de huertos urbanos de ocio (HUs) en las ciudades europeas. Estos espacios son lugares de encuentro en los que se producen interacciones sociales que facilitan transformaciones en los hábitos de consumo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar la influencia de la participación en HUs sobre el cambio de hábitos del consumo y sus efectos en la mitigación del cambio climático. El caso de estudio se centró en la ciudad de Madrid, y los hábitos de consumo analizados fueron la movilidad urbana y varios aspectos relativos a la alimentación: composición de la dieta y consumo de alimentos ecológicos y de proximidad. Las emisiones asociadas a los diferentes hábitos se calcularon mediante un análisis input-output y datos bibliográficos. La información sobre el cambio de hábitos se recogió mediante encuestas en dos poblaciones diferenciadas por su participación o no en HUs (población participante y población control, respectivamente)

Huertos urbanos como herramienta para la mitigación del cambio climático a través del cambio de comportamientos

En ciudades en las que prima el sector servicios, donde las rentas suelen ser medio-altas, las acciones asociadas al consumo tienen un mayor impacto sobre el cambio climático que aquéllas asociadas a la producción de bienes tangibles. Esto confiere a las decisiones individuales un gran poder transformador. En los últimos años se ha multiplicado la presencia de huertos urbanos de ocio (HUs) en las ciudades europeas. Estos espacios son lugares de encuentro en los que se producen interacciones sociales que facilitan transformaciones en los hábitos de consumo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar la influencia de la participación en HUs sobre el cambio de hábitos del consumo y sus efectos en la mitigación del cambio climático. El caso de estudio se centró en la ciudad de Madrid, y los hábitos de consumo analizados fueron la movilidad urbana y varios aspectos relativos a la alimentación: composición de la dieta y consumo de alimentos ecológicos y de proximidad. Las emisiones asociadas a los diferentes hábitos se calcularon mediante un análisis input-output y datos bibliográficos. La información sobre el cambio de hábitos se recogió mediante encuestas en dos poblaciones diferenciadas por su participación o no en HUs (población participante y población control, respectivamente)

Study of b−b-hadron decays to Λc+h−h′−\Lambda_c^+h^-h^{\prime -} final states

Decays of $\Xi_{b}^{-}$ and $\Omega_{b}^{-}$ baryons to $\Lambda_{c}^{+} h^- h^{\prime -}$ final states, with $h^- h^{\prime -}$ being $\pi^{-}\pi^{-}$, $K^{-}\pi^{-}$ and $K^{-}K^{-}$ meson pairs, are searched for using data collected with the LHCb detector. The data sample studied corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $8.7 \rm fb^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions collected at centre-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s} = 7$, $8$ and $13 \rm TeV$. The products of the relative branching fractions and fragmentation fractions for each signal mode, relative to the $B^{-} \rightarrow \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{p} \pi^{-}$ mode, are measured, with $\Xi_{b}^{-} \rightarrow\Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-} \pi^{-}$, $\Xi_{b}^{-} \rightarrow\Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-} K^{-}$ and $\Omega_{b}^{-} \rightarrow\Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-} K^{-}$ decays being observed at over $5\,\sigma$ significance. The $\Xi_{b}^{-} \rightarrow\Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-} \pi^{-}$ mode is also used to measure the $\Xi_{b}^{-}$ production asymmetry, which is found to be consistent with zero. In addition, the $B^{-} \rightarrow \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{p} K^{-}$ decay is observed for the first time, and its branching fraction is measured relative to that of the $B^{-} \rightarrow \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{p} \pi^{-}$ mode.Decays of $\Xi_b^-$ and $\Omega_b^-$ baryons to $\Lambda_c^+ h^- h^{\prime -}$ final states, with $h^- h^{\prime -}$ being $\pi^-\pi^-$, $K^-\pi^-$ and $K^-K^-$ meson pairs, are searched for using data collected with the LHCb detector. The data sample studied corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $8.7\,\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions collected at centre-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s} = 7$, $8$ and $13\,\mathrm{Te\kern -0.1em V}$. The products of the relative branching fractions and fragmentation fractions for each signal mode, relative to the $B^- \to \Lambda_c^+ \overline{p} \pi^-$ mode, are measured, with $\Xi_{b}^- \to\Lambda_{c}^+ K^- \pi^-$, $\Xi_{b}^- \to\Lambda_{c}^+ K^- K^-$ and $\Omega_{b}^- \to\Lambda_{c}^+ K^- K^-$ decays being observed at over $5\,\sigma$ significance. The $\Xi_{b}^- \to\Lambda_{c}^+ K^- \pi^-$ mode is also used to measure the $\Xi_{b}^-$ production asymmetry, which is found to be consistent with zero. In addition, the $B^- \to \Lambda_{c}^+ \overline{p} K^-$ decay is observed for the first time, and its branching fraction is measured relative to that of the $B^- \to \Lambda_{c}^+ \overline{p} \pi^-$ mode

The LHCb upgrade I

International audienceThe LHCb upgrade represents a major change of the experiment. The detectors have been almost completely renewed to allow running at an instantaneous luminosity five times larger than that of the previous running periods. Readout of all detectors into an all-software trigger is central to the new design, facilitating the reconstruction of events at the maximum LHC interaction rate, and their selection in real time. The experiment's tracking system has been completely upgraded with a new pixel vertex detector, a silicon tracker upstream of the dipole magnet and three scintillating fibre tracking stations downstream of the magnet. The whole photon detection system of the RICH detectors has been renewed and the readout electronics of the calorimeter and muon systems have been fully overhauled. The first stage of the all-software trigger is implemented on a GPU farm. The output of the trigger provides a combination of totally reconstructed physics objects, such as tracks and vertices, ready for final analysis, and of entire events which need further offline reprocessing. This scheme required a complete revision of the computing model and rewriting of the experiment's software

The LHCb upgrade I

International audienceThe LHCb upgrade represents a major change of the experiment. The detectors have been almost completely renewed to allow running at an instantaneous luminosity five times larger than that of the previous running periods. Readout of all detectors into an all-software trigger is central to the new design, facilitating the reconstruction of events at the maximum LHC interaction rate, and their selection in real time. The experiment's tracking system has been completely upgraded with a new pixel vertex detector, a silicon tracker upstream of the dipole magnet and three scintillating fibre tracking stations downstream of the magnet. The whole photon detection system of the RICH detectors has been renewed and the readout electronics of the calorimeter and muon systems have been fully overhauled. The first stage of the all-software trigger is implemented on a GPU farm. The output of the trigger provides a combination of totally reconstructed physics objects, such as tracks and vertices, ready for final analysis, and of entire events which need further offline reprocessing. This scheme required a complete revision of the computing model and rewriting of the experiment's software