Development of a model for technology strategy elaboration

Considering the role of industry in the economy, especially the developed countries and countries with automobile (automotive industry) seems to be necessary to develop technology development strategy. In this paper a model by choosing appropriate technology development strategy to how good we are. (So review existing models and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses of the measure applied in the industry with the closest model industry conditions is consistent with the practices were selected and other factors as the failure of this model was determined it developed a new model for strategy is presented)

On the use of MCDM technique for identifying key technology: a case of auto company

In today's world, technology strategy development for industries is one of the most important tasks in proposing technology roadmap. Moreover, identifying strategic technology is main part of strategy development. This article tries to apply MCDM methods in finding key strategic technologies from identified technologies from in order to provide appropriate technology strategy. TOPSIS method helps in finding key strategic technologies from identified technologies from in order to provide appropriate technology strategy. At last Efficient TOPSIS method used for determining key strategic technology in Auto Company and key technology are derived from identified technology so as to develop technology strategy

Identification of occupational accidents reporting components and developing a new national pattern for recording and reporting occupational accidents

Background and Aims:. Identification of the most important components of occupational accidents coupled with precise and accurate documentation of them enable us to analyze occupational accidents on both macro- and micro-scale. These analyses play a key role in drawing a policy and application for prevention of occupational accident. The present study aimed to identify important parameters in occupational accident documentation and to develop a new national pattern for recording and reporting of occupational accidents.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, nine important occupational accident reporting models belonging to valid organizations were selected and the distinctive features and similarities of these models were determined through meta-analytic analysis. , The important native elements involved in models of occupational accidents reporting were then determined using the Delphi technique and validated by three criteria including usability, relevancy, and necessity. All stages of this research were conducted ethically.Results: In general, 42 components for reporting and documentation of occupational accidents were determined. The proposed final model encompasses five categories including injured worker information, accident information, accident causes information, and information about accident time.Conclusion: Applying the obtained results and customized model in the present study make it possible to analyze occupational accidents in the micro- and macro-scal

The role of ethics in the process of technology transfer and development of 206 Peugeot

Looking at the past history we find that the first phenomenon of technology transfer was taught by people who were traveling to another community and bring their technology, they move. After the industrialization, transfer of knowledge from individuals to maintain their importance. However, now the situation for developing countries is controversial because it denied people with technical skills from developed countries to developing countries do not migrate, but the reverse is the professionals that are developing countries to developed countries loan go. Until developing countries can train your human resources specialist, they powerful companies overseas are the means of technology transfer, whether through direct investment, and whether through the sale of licenses and other means. (Noble, p. 105 - 106, 1367) Technology transfer is an important issue that should be given the capacity of countries to assess the possibility of application, absorption and its compatibility with local conditions to increase. Ie the transfer of technology and gain access to technology for its effective use for economic development and growth of countries relatively backward technology provides. (Archibugi, 2003) Today, the role of ethics in technology transfer and development is of great importance. The meaning of ethics and technology than are harvested, ethical values that have roles in the formation of modern technology. Another meaning of ethics and technology than is reached, that moral people who are dealing with technology, they must observe. It also includes technology to those that exist and sets it to those who apply and who are the analysis and criticism. In this article factors and ethical factors in the process of technology transfer and development for Peugeot 206 in Iran Khodro Company has been studied. For this purpose a questionnaire to determine and evaluate factors is designed and results are analyzed

Effect of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis on the Yield and Quality of Rainfed Rye (Secale cereal L.) under Varying End Season Rainfall

Supplementary irrigation along with mycorrhizal symbiosis is one of the effective methods to increase quality and quantity of performance. To evaluate mycorrhizal symbiosis of rainfed Rye (Secale cereal L.) plants, a 2-year factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at West Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center during 2014 and 2015. Treatments were rain interrupted (30 May, 13 June and 27 June), mycorrhizal symbiosis (non-inoculated plants and inoculation with Glomus intraradices) and irrigation (rainfed and one time supplementary irrigation).Mycorrhizal symbiosis under supplementary irrigation significantly increased the forage phosphorus, calcium and ash, and grain potassium and protein more than rainfed condition. The mycorrhizal symbiosis enhanced the forage and grain quality. However, the yield enhancement under supplemental irrigation was better than rainfed condition. The highest grain protein concentration (18/43 %) belonged to mycorrhizal plants exposed to rainfall continuing 20 May. The highest grain yield in the second year under supplementary irrigation of about 1412.96 kg/ha, which have precipitation until 17 June. In general, rainfed rye forage and grain quality were improved with one time supplemental irrigation, and mycorrhizal relationship affedcted the grain quality and yield regardless rainfall interruption. In mycorrhizal rye plants, rainfall continuing until 17 June with supplemental irrigation was increased the grain yield (23 %) more than that rainfed condition in early rain interrupted

Physiological and morphological responses of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) subjected to nano-boron oxide at different growth stages

The deficiency and toxicity of boron may lead to noticeable yield reduction and quality loss of sugar beet. To evaluate the effects of nano-boron on the root yield and quality of sugar beet, factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at Urmia University. Treatments were spraying of nano-boron oxide (0, 2, 3 and 4 g L-1) at different growth stages (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of ground cover). Increasing levels of boron up to 3 g L-1 resulted in the highest SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) value, leaf number and relative water content. With optimal leaf area (86.47 cm2 ), the highest yields of root, sugar, white sugar, and technological sugar (144.53, 28.23, 26.19 and 25.32 t ha-1) were determined in the treatment of 4 g L-1 boron at 40% of ground covered. Increasing nano-boron level under different growth stages increased sugar and white sugar contents, on contrary impurities (Na, K and α-amino-N) loss and molasses sugar percentage were decreased. More than 3 g L-1 nano-boron exhibited the highest values of purity. Application of 3 g L-1 boron at 40% of ground cover increased sugar and white sugar contents by 12.45 and 18.72%, respectively

شناسایی مولفه های حائز اهمیت حوادث شغلی و ارائه مدل بومی ثبت و گزارش‌دهی حوادث شغلی

Background and Aims:. Identification of the most important components of occupational accidents coupled with precise and accurate documentation of them enable us to analyze occupational accidents on both macro- and micro-scale. These analyses play a key role in drawing a policy and application for prevention of occupational accident. The present study aimed to identify important parameters in occupational accident documentation and to develop a new national pattern for recording and reporting of occupational accidents. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, nine important occupational accident reporting models belonging to valid organizations were selected and the distinctive features and similarities of these models were determined through meta-analytic analysis. , The important native elements involved in models of occupational accidents reporting were then determined using the Delphi technique and validated by three criteria including usability, relevancy, and necessity. All stages of this research were conducted ethically. Results: In general, 42 components for reporting and documentation of occupational accidents were determined. The proposed final model encompasses five categories including injured worker information, accident information, accident causes information, and information about accident time. Conclusion: Applying the obtained results and customized model in the present study make it possible to analyze occupational accidents in the micro- and macro-scaleزمینه و اهداف: ثبت تعیین مولفه­های حائز اهمیت حوادث شغلی و ثبتِ دقیق و صحیح آنها، امکان تحلیل حوادث شغلی در مقیاس خرد و کلان را فراهم می­نماید. این تحلیل­ها در سیاست گذاری و برنامه ریزی پیشگیری از حوادث نقش کلیدی را ایفا می‌کنند. مطالعه حاضر با هدف شناسایی پارامترهای حائز اهمیت در ثبت حوادث شغلی و ارائه مدل بومی گزارش آن به انجام رسید. مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی، 9 مدل گزارش حادثه مربوط به سازمان‌های معتبر در این حوزه انتخاب و با آنالیز فراتحلیلی وجوه تمایز و تشابه آنها تعیین گردید. سپس با استفاده از تکنیک دلفی، مولفه­های بومی حائز اهمیت در گزارش­دهی حوادث تعیین و توسط سه معیار (کاربردی بودن)، (مرتبط بودن) و(ضروری بودن) اعتبار سنجی شدند. تمامی مراحل مطالعه حاضر طبق موازین اخلاقی اجرا گردید.  یافته‌ها: تعداد 42 مولفه برای ثبت و گزارش حوادث شغلی حاصل گردید و بر اساس آنها مدل نهایی برای ثبت و گزارش حادثه شغلی در پنج حیطه ارائه شد. این حیطه‌ها عبارتند از: مولفه‌های حادثه دیده، مولفه‌های حادثه ایجاد شده، مولفه‌های علل حادثه، مولفه پیامد حادثه، مولفه‌های زمانی. نتیجه‌گیری: ثبت حادثه، حادثه شغلی، مولفه های گزارشدهی حادث

The assessment quality of effluent from shrimp aquaculture site in Gwater

Present study was conducted in shrimp farm located in east of Chabahar in Sistan and Balouchestan province from August 2001 until May 2003. Fourteen stations at three locations (i.e. supply channel, drainage channel and Gwatr Gulf) were selected to determine physical and chemical factors such as; temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate, silicate, total suspended solid and turbidity. Sampling was conducted twice a month during the shrimp culturing period and monthly at other times. Water samples were collected every two weeks to determine Chemical and Physical factors, Chlorophyll a, Phytoplankton and Zooplankton. Sediment samples were collected seasonally to examine Macrobenthos, Grain size and Total Organic Matter. The results revealed different bioenvironmental area in the three locations (i.e. supply channel, drainage channel and Gwatr gulf) over the study period. One-way analyze of variance of chemical and physical factors indicated significant difference between different times as well as different stations (p<0.05). The negative relationship was observed between the culturing production area and the amount of average dissolved oxygen, pH and total suspend solid. An increase in the culturing production area in 2002 as compared to that of 2001 causes a decrease in the amount of these factors. However, it dose indicates positive relationship with nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, transparency and chlorophyll. Forty nine phytoplankton genus were identified, which mainly belong to diatoma, dinoflagellate and green blue algae. Diatom was dominated among these groups. Diatom and green-blue algae and diatom comprised %79, %69 and %64 of phytoplankton flora respectively in supply channel, Gwater Gulf and drainage channel. Copepod and thintinnida were the major groups of zooplankton. High abundance of bivalve, Polychaetes and amphipoda were found in supply channel, Gwatr Gulf and drainage channel respectively. Analysis of grain size showed the existence of sandy sediment in Gulf of Gwatr and sandy-loom in supply channel. Drainage channel sediment found to be sandy-loom, sandy-silty-loom and sand loom. Among three locations, the highest TOM was found in drainage channel. In last location, production area in 2002 increased as compared to that of 2001, which showed negative relationship with salinity, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia and chlorophyll a. Drainage of the Gwatr s shrimp farm did not cause any thermal contamination in the location. Shrimp aquaculture activities caused an increase in the average of salinity, range of pH in the Gwatr Gulf

Evaluation and statistical optimization of a method for methylated cell-free fetal DNA extraction from maternal plasma

Purpose: Methylated cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in maternal plasma can potentially be used as a biomarker for accurate noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) of fetal disorders. Recovery and purification of cffDNA are key steps for downstream applications. In this study, we aimed to developed and evaluated different aspects of an optimized method and compared its efficiency with common methods used for extraction of methylated cffDNA. Methods: Single factor experiments, Plackett-Burman (PB) design, and response surface methodology (RSM) were conducted for conventional Triton/Heat/Phenol (cTHP) method optimization. The total cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was extracted from pooled maternal plasma using the optimized method called the Triton/Heat/Phenol/Glycogen (THPG), cTHP method, a column-based kit, and a magnetic bead-based kit. In the next step, methylated cfDNA from the extracted total cfDNA was enriched using a methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) kit. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed on the RASSF1 gene and hyper region to determine the genomic equivalents per milliliter (GEq/ml) values of the methylated cfDNA and cffDNA, respectively. Results: The optimum values of the significant factors affecting cfDNA extraction from 200 μl of plasma were 3% SDS, 1% Triton X-100, 0.9 μg/μl glycogen, and 0.3 M sodium acetate. The GEq/ml values of methylated cffDNA extracted using the THPG method were significantly higher than for the tested extraction methods (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results indicate that the THPG method is more efficient than the other tested methods for extraction of low copy number methylated cffDNA from a small volume of maternal plasm

Investigating the application of spawning shelter of cattle fish for its enhancement of resources

In this project, four types of structures, of 40 number was investigated. In a six month period, the structures were inspected 13 times. The total weight and number of eggs hatched on the structures were estimated to be 214.1kg and 94944 respectively. The weight and number of eggs settled on trap types were 141.9 and 60982 respectively, whereas, The eggs on cubical structures were estimated 56.7kg and 27088 ,on pyramid structures 7.9 and 3941 and then also were 6.9 kg and 3280 eggs on cylindrical structures respectively. It is also estimated that 358 eggs were settled on The connecting line weighting 0.5kg. In this report four types of structures was compared. As a result, the trap, cubical, pyramid and cylindrical structures had contributed to the settelment of 66, 27, 4 and 3 percent of eggs in weight. While 64, 29, 4 and 3 percent of eggs in number was settled on these structures respectively. Thus it is concluded that the trap structures fallowed by cubical ones had acted more effectively relative to other two. If based on the results of other studies, we assume 80% survival rate of eggs and average weight of 1.2 kg of survival growth cuttlefish, then it can be calculated that 160 structures can contribute to 91 tons increase in cuttlefish stock in one area of 4 to 5 acre. It is obvious that by planning an annual increase of the structures, it is possible to attract more spawners to spawn and produce more larvae. Moreover,The old structures will be covered by corals and barnacles and become Amore stalie and attractive spawning ground for cuttlefish