A Review of Whether a Difference in the Protein-to-Energy Ratio of Breakfast Would Affect Subsequent Appetite

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Densidade ossea alveolar em mulheres com periodontite na pre e pos-menopausa

Orientador: Marcio Zaffalon CasatiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a densidade óssea alveolar em mulheres caucasianas com periodontite crônica na pré e pós-menopausa, atendidas na clínica da Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba ¿ UNICAMP. Foram selecionadas 40 mulheres: 20 na pré-menopausa e 20 na pós-menopausa. Foram utilizadas películas para radiografia periapical convencional ajustadas com escalímetro de alumínio. Para comparar a densidade óptica do septo interdental entre os primeiros e segundos pré-molares; segundos pré-molares e primeiros molares; primeiros e segundos molares inferiores, foi utilizado o software Aleq-Al®. O índice de placa, o sangramento à sondagem e os parâmetros clínicos lineares de profundidade de sondagem (PS), nível da margem gengival (NMG) e nível clínico de inserção (NCI) foram medidos nos dentes de Ramfjord (16, 14, 22, 36, 34 e 42) e nos dentes teste (34, 35, 36, 44, 45 e 46). A PS, o NMG e o NCI foram medidos pela sonda periodontal eletrônica, Florida probe®, em sítios identificados como saudáveis ou com periodontite crônica. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as densidades em mulheres com periodontite na pré (4,79 ± 1,79 mmAl, P>0,05) e na pós-menopausa (4,83 ± 1,98 mmAl, P>0,05). Pode se concluir que a densidade óssea mandibular de pacientes com doença periodontal não difere em mulheres na pré e pós-menopausaAbstract: The aim of this study was to compare the alveolar bone density in pre and postmenopausal Caucasian women with chronic periodontitis attending the clinic at Piracicaba Dental School - UNICAMP. Forty women were selected: 20 in pre menopause and 20 in post menopause. The study used a conventional periapical radiographic film adjusted with an equivalent aluminum filtration. The comparison of the mandibular interdental septum density between the first premolars and second premolars; second premolars and first molars; first molars and second molars, were performed by software Aleq-Al®. The plaque index, bleeding on probing and the linear clinical parameters of probing depth (PD), gingival margin level (GML) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured on the Ramfjord teeth (16, 14, 22, 36, 34 and 42) and the test teeth (34, 35, 36, 44, 45 and 46). The PD, GML and CAL were measured by the electronic periodontal probe, Florida Probe®, in sites identified with and without chronic periodontitis. It was not observed statistically significant differences in alveolar bone density between pre (4,79 ± 1,79 mmAl, P>0,05) and post menopausal women (4,83 ± 1,98 mmAl, P>0,05).It would be concluded that mandibular bone density in patients with periodontal disease is not different in pre and post menopausal womenMestradoPeriodontiaMestre em Clínica Odontológic

The schoolteacher and the health education : a qualiquantitative study

Orientador: Fábio Luiz MialheTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: O professor de ensino fundamental pode assumir um papel muito importante na educação em saúde dos escolares. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar a opinião dos educadores quanto ao papel da escola em relação à saúde dos alunos, se e como trabalhavam conteúdos sobre saúde geral e bucal, se existiam dificuldades em ensinar saúde bucal e como estes profissionais achavam que as Faculdades de Odontologia poderiam auxiliá-los nesse papel de educadores em saúde. Um questionário semi-estruturado foi respondido por 89 professores, de 18 à 65 anos de idade, os quais ministravam aulas para 1ª a 4ª série em escolas municipais de Indaiatuba. Os dados obtidos foram analisados qualiquantitativamente por meio do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). Verificou-se que os professores acreditavam ser função da escola orientar e conscientizar os alunos sobre saúde e eles trabalhavam assuntos de saúde geral e bucal de diversas formas. Porém, relataram algumas dificuldades ao abordar o tema saúde bucal e expressaram a necessidade de parcerias em projetos entre as faculdades de odontologia e as escolas. Concluiu-se que 94% dos professores ensinavam educação em saúde para seus alunosAbstract: The schoolteacher of basic education can play a very important role in schoolchildren's health education. The aim of this research was to identify the educators' opinions about the role of school in relation to student's health, if and how they worked with the contents of general and oral health, if there were difficulties in teaching oral health and in which aspects these professionals believe that Dental Schools could assist them in their role of health educators. A semi-structuralized questionnaire was answered by 89 schoolteachers, 18 to 65 years old, who gave classes to 1ª thru 4ª grades in public schools of Indaiatuba city. The data had been analyzed qualiquantitatively by means of the Discourse of Collective Subjects (DCS). It were verified that the schoolteachers believed that the role of the school is to guide and to offer knowledge of health and they worked with the subjects of general and oral health in several forms. However, they reported some difficulties when approaching the subject oral health and they had expressed the necessity of partnerships in projects between the dental colleges and schools. It was concluded that 94% of schoolteachers teaches health education to their studentsDoutoradoSaude Coletiv

Overview of the Collaborative Research

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Soil biochemistry and microbial activity in vineyards under conventional and organic management at Northeast Brazil.

The São Francisco Submedium Valley is located at the Brazilian semiarid region and is an important center for irrigated fruit growing. This region is responsible for 97% of the national exportation of table grapes, including seedless grapes. Based on the fact that orgThe São Francisco Submedium Valley is located at the Brazilian semiarid region and is an important center for irrigated fruit growing. This region is responsible for 97% of the national exportation of table grapes, including seedless grapes. Based on the fact that organic fertilization can improve soil quality, we compared the effects of conventional and organic soil management on microbial activity and mycorrhization of seedless grape crops. We measured glomerospores number, most probable number (MPN) of propagules, richness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species, AMF root colonization, EE-BRSP production, carbon microbial biomass (C-MB), microbial respiration, fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity (FDA) and metabolic coefficient (qCO2). The organic management led to an increase in all variables with the exception of EE-BRSP and qCO2. Mycorrhizal colonization increased from 4.7% in conventional crops to 15.9% in organic crops. Spore number ranged from 4.1 to 12.4 per 50 g-1 soil in both management systems. The most probable number of AMF propagules increased from 79 cm-3 soil in the conventional system to 110 cm-3 soil in the organic system. Microbial carbon, CO2 emission, and FDA activity were increased by 100 to 200% in the organic crop. Thirteen species of AMF were identified, the majority in the organic cultivation system. Acaulospora excavata, Entrophospora infrequens, Glomus sp.3 and Scutellospora sp. were found only in the organically managed crop. S. gregaria was found only in the conventional crop. Organically managed vineyards increased mycorrhization and general soil microbial activity

PD-1 gene polymorphisms and thyroid expression of PD-1 ligands differ between Graves’ and Hashimoto’s diseases

The programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/PD ligand pathway plays a key role in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance by enhancing the suppressive activity of regulatory T (Treg) cells. The promoter activity of the A allele of PD1 rs36084323 G/A polymorphism is lower than that of the G allele. We examined the association of PD1 gene polymorphisms, PD-1 expression on Treg cells, and thyroid PD-1/PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) expression with the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). We classified patients and genotyped PD-1 polymorphisms by using the PCR-RFLP method in a total of 176 Graves’ disease (GD) patients, 150 Hashimoto’s disease (HD) patients with different disease severities and 99 healthy controls. PD-1 expression on Treg cells was analysed by flow cytometry. Indirect immunofluorescence staining was performed in thyroid tissue to detect PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2. The frequencies of the A allele and the AA + AG genotypes of the PD1 rs36084323 polymorphism were lower in HD patients than in GD patients, and the frequencies of the AA genotype of the PD1 rs36084323 and of the TT genotype of the PD1 rs2227982 were lower in mild HD patients than in severe HD patients. In patients with severe HD, the titres of TgAb at the onset were higher in patients with the PD1 rs36084323 AA genotype than in patients with the GG genotype. Peripheral PD1+ Treg cells tended to decrease in individuals with the PD1 rs36084323 AA genotype than with the G carrier genotype. Peripheral PD-1+ Treg cells were increased in HD, especially in mild HD. PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 were expressed in thyroid-infiltrating mononuclear cells (TIMCs), and PD-L1 and PD-L2 were expressed in thyroid epithelial cells (TECs) in AITD patients but not in normal controls. Expression of PD-L1 in TIMCs and expression of PD-L2 in TECs were predominant in HD and GD patients, respectively. In conclusion, the functional PD1 rs36084323 polymorphism and the thyroid PD-1/ PD-L1s expression which may enhance the suppressive activity of Treg cells differ between GD and HD, and the PD1 rs36084323 and rs2227982 polymorphisms and PD1+ Treg cells are related to the severity of HD