Heat resistance and outgrowth of clostridium perfringens spores as affected by the type of heating medium, and heating and cooling rates in ground pork

The survival and germination of Clostridium perfringens spores in different heating media and at different heating rates was studied to determine the fate of C. perfringens spores during abusive cooking and cooling of pork products. The heat resistance (HR) of C. perfringens spores from three strains that were either previously heat shocked (HS) or non-heat shocked (NHS) was determined individually and as a cocktail in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) (PBS), beef gravy (BG), ground pork (GP) and cured ground pork (CGP) at 75ºC. The effect of the heating rate on HR, germination and outgrowth of C. perfringens spores in CGP was determined by increasing the temperature from 20 to 75ºC at a rate of 4, 8, and 12ºC/h prior to heating and holding at 75ºC for 48 h. Heating rates at 4ºC/h in GP and CGP were repeated with additional cooling from 54.4 to 7.2ºC within 20 h (temperature abuse). Linear survival curves were observed on NHS spores in the four heating media, whereas HS spores showed linear curves when heated in PBS and BG, and biphasic curves when heated in GP and CGP. In general, HS spores were more heat sensitive than NHS spores. NHS spores heated in GP had greater HR than spores heated in CGP, BG or PBS. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) on the HR of C. perfringens spores in CGP heated from 20 to 75ºC at 4, 8, or 12ºC/h. Heating rates of 8 and 12ºC/h showed no difference in germination and outgrowth of inoculated spores, whereas at 4ºC/h, growth of C. perfringens occurred between 44 and 56ºC. Temperature abuse during cooling of GP resulted in 2.8 log CFU/g increase of C. perfringens counts. In CGP, C. perfringens counts decreased by 1.1 log CFU/g during cooling from 54.4 to 36.3ºC and then increased by 1 log CFU/g until the product reached 7.2ºC. However, with an initial inoculum in raw CGP of 5 log CFU C. perfringens spores/g, C. perfringens counts did not exceed 3.4 log CFU/g during a 20 h abusive cooling. These results suggest there is no risk associated with C. perfringens in cured pork products under the conditions tested. Results from the present study indicate that different behavior may be expected with different meat products

Desarrollo de competencias investigativas y uso de las TIC en estudiantes universitarios del área de ciencias químico-biológicas

"En este trabajo de investigación se evaluó el nivel de desarrollo de las competencias investigativas de estudiantes universitarios a través la aplicación de una estrategia didáctica basada en la elaboración de proyectos científicos y uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC), dado que elementos como los conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes hacia la ciencia integrados en los procesos de investigación científica son requeridos en el mundo laboral. El contenido programático se fundamentó en el paradigma constructivista de las competencias, con un diseño instruccional basado en los principios del modelo de Entornos de Aprendizaje Constructivista, considerando como marco de competencias el proyecto Alfa Tuning para América Latina. El estudio tuvo como contexto la asignatura Herramientas Computacionales de la Licenciatura en Químico Farmacobiólogo de una universidad pública en el estado de Puebla. La investigación está basada en un estudio exploratorio experimental de enfoque cuantitativo y un diseño de grupo control pretest-postest"

Gestión administrativa y atención al usuario en el Instituto de Educación Superior Tecnológico Público Amazonas, Yurimaguas – 2022

La investigación tuvo como objetivo general determinar la relación entre la gestión administrativa y la atención al usuario en el Instituto de Educación Superior Tecnológico Público Amazonas, Yurimaguas - 2022. La investigación fue tipo básica, diseño no experimental, transversal y descriptivo correlacional, cuya población fue de 466 usuarios y la muestra fue de 211. La técnica de recolección de datos fue la encuesta y como instrumento el cuestionario. Los resultados determinaron que el nivel de gestión administrativa, fue regular en 50 %, malo en 29 % y bueno en 21 %; la atención al usuario, fue regular en 49 %, malo en 29 % y bueno en 22 %. Concluyendo que existe relación significativa entre la gestión administrativa y la atención al usuario en el Instituto de Educación Superior Tecnológico Público Amazonas, Yurimaguas - 2022, ya que el análisis estadístico de Rho de Spearman fue de 0, 841 (correlación positiva alta) y un p valor igual a 0,000 (p-valor ≤ 0.01); además, solo el 70.73 % de la atención al usuario es influenciado por la gestión administrativa

Calidad de la enseñanza y aprendizaje de estudiantes de un instituto de educación superior tecnológico de Yurimaguas, 2023

La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre la calidad de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de estudiantes en un IEST de Yurimaguas, 2023. La investigación fue tipo básica, diseño no experimental, cuya población fue 150 alumnos y la muestra 108. La técnica de recolección la encuesta y como instrumento el cuestionario. Los resultados determinaron que existe relación positiva alta y significativa entre el enfoque filosófico y el aprendizaje con un Rho de Spearman de 0. 801 y un p-valor igual a 0,001 (p-valor ≤ 0.01), además, existe relación positiva alta y significativa entre el enfoque de gestión y el aprendizaje con un Rho de Spearman de 0. 822 y un p-valor igual a 0,001 (p-valor ≤ 0.01) y existe relación positiva alta y significativa entre el enfoque de derecho y el aprendizaje con un Rho de Spearman de 0.822 y un p-valor igual a 0,001 (p-valor ≤ 0.01). Concluyendo que existe relación positiva alta y significativa entre la calidad de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de estudiantes de un IEST de Yurimaguas, 2023, con un Rho de Spearman de 0. 826 y un p-valor igual a 0,001 (p-valor ≤ 0.01); además, solo el 67.74% de dependencia entre las variables

ABORDAJE FISIOTERAPEUTICO DE UN PACIENTE CON NEUMONIA ADQUIRIDA EN LA COMUNIDAD: ESTUDIO DE CASO

La neumonía es un proceso inflamatorio del parénquima pulmonar con una prevalencia importante en la primera infancia que depende de la edad, la constitución del paciente y de la etiología que la origina (1). Junto con la malnutrición y las enfermedades diarreicas  agudas se constituyen una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad de origen infeccioso en la población infantil menor de 5 años, convirtiéndose en un importante problema de salud pública

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Payments for ecosystem services : opportunities and challenges in the Brazilian Amazon

textBrazil has committed to reducing deforestation in the Amazon and has identified target goals for 2020. A variety of environmental policies and tools are used to reduce deforestation in the region, including payments for ecosystems services (PES). This report analyzes whether payments for ecosystem services are a viable option for supporting conservation and socio-economic goals in the Amazon. PES schemes provide economic incentives in exchange for meeting an environmental goal. They have been relatively successful in developed countries but have had limited applications or success in developing contexts. This report identifies the agents and activities that drive deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon and determines which of these may be suitable for PES applications. It also provides a framework for analyzing current PES schemes in order to draw out best practices and lessons learned which may be applied to future program. PES schemes do have a role to play as one of the tools used in addressing deforestation in the Amazon. They can be cheaper than indirect approaches but do face some challenges in evaluation. Future PES applications may benefit from the lessons learned in the early applications of these programs.Latin American StudiesPublic Affair