METHODS FOR MANAGING INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND ECOMMERCE RESOURCES: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Objective: The study aims at classifying and supplementing general and special methods for managing intangible assets and eCommerce resources. The present stage of management science is characterized by an insufficient number and incomplete nature of the existing studies on the structure of methods for managing intangible assets and eCommerce resources, which is mainly due to the relative novelty of the Internet environment and its management. The challenge of solving this issue is the intangibility of the management object under study (intangible assets and resources) and the intangibility of the management environment (Internet environment), which makes management in such conditions more difficult. Methods: When preparing this article, we used qualitative research methods, including grouping sets of homogeneous management methods, systematizing such methods according to homogeneous features, comparing different methods with each other, and generalizing the obtained groups of methods to draw conclusions and recommendations. When grouping methods for managing intangible assets and eCommerce resources, we took the classification according to a functional attribute as the basis. Results: As a result of the study, the authors have revealed that the management of intangible assets and eCommerce resources requires the full range of general management methods (planning, organizational, evaluation, accounting, analytical, motivational, control, and coordination methods), special methods for managing intangible assets and resources (identification, visualization, and security methods), as well as specific methods for managing intangible assets and resources in the Internet environment (online methods). Conclusion: Based on the study results, it has been concluded that online management methods are most actively developing in the modern market, and in the near future the importance of these methods will increase. The novelty of the study is to determine the presence and composition of previously unexplored groups of management methods applied to intangible assets and eCommerce resources

WPI Hydrogels with a Prolonged Drug-Release Profile for Antimicrobial Therapy

Infectious sequelae caused by surgery are a significant problem in modern medicine due to their reduction of therapeutic effectiveness and the patients’ quality of life.Recently, new methods of local antimicrobial prophylaxis of postoperative sequelae have been actively developed. They allow high local concentrations of drugs to be achieved, increasing the antibiotic therapy’s effectiveness while reducing its side effects. We have developed and characterized antimicrobial hydrogels based on an inexpensive and biocompatible natural substance from the dairy industry—whey protein isolate—as matrices for drug delivery. The release of cefazolin from the pores of hydrogel structures directly depends on the amount of the loaded drug and occurs in a prolonged manner for three days. Simultaneously with the antibiotic release, hydrogel swelling and partial degradation occurs. The WPI hydrogels absorb solvent, doubling in size in three days and retaining cefazolin throughout the duration of the experiment. The antimicrobial activity of cefazolin-loaded WPI hydrogels against Staphylococcus aureus growth is prolonged in comparison to that of the free cefazolin. The overall cytotoxic effect of cefazolin-containing WPI hydrogels is lower than that of free antibiotics. Thus, our work shows that antimicrobial WPI hydrogels are suitable candidates for local antibiotic therapy of infectious surgical sequelae

Chronicles of nature calendar, a long-term and large-scale multitaxon database on phenology

We present an extensive, large-scale, long-term and multitaxon database on phenological and climatic variation, involving 506,186 observation dates acquired in 471 localities in Russian Federation, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Belarus and Kyrgyzstan. The data cover the period 1890-2018, with 96% of the data being from 1960 onwards. The database is rich in plants, birds and climatic events, but also includes insects, amphibians, reptiles and fungi. The database includes multiple events per species, such as the onset days of leaf unfolding and leaf fall for plants, and the days for first spring and last autumn occurrences for birds. The data were acquired using standardized methods by permanent staff of national parks and nature reserves (87% of the data) and members of a phenological observation network (13% of the data). The database is valuable for exploring how species respond in their phenology to climate change. Large-scale analyses of spatial variation in phenological response can help to better predict the consequences of species and community responses to climate change.Peer reviewe

Phenological shifts of abiotic events, producers and consumers across a continent

Ongoing climate change can shift organism phenology in ways that vary depending on species, habitats and climate factors studied. To probe for large-scale patterns in associated phenological change, we use 70,709 observations from six decades of systematic monitoring across the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Among 110 phenological events related to plants, birds, insects, amphibians and fungi, we find a mosaic of change, defying simple predictions of earlier springs, later autumns and stronger changes at higher latitudes and elevations. Site mean temperature emerged as a strong predictor of local phenology, but the magnitude and direction of change varied with trophic level and the relative timing of an event. Beyond temperature-associated variation, we uncover high variation among both sites and years, with some sites being characterized by disproportionately long seasons and others by short ones. Our findings emphasize concerns regarding ecosystem integrity and highlight the difficulty of predicting climate change outcomes. The authors use systematic monitoring across the former USSR to investigate phenological changes across taxa. The long-term mean temperature of a site emerged as a strong predictor of phenological change, with further imprints of trophic level, event timing, site, year and biotic interactions.Peer reviewe

Capabilities of modal type liquid crystal spatial modulators for formation of light fields with orbital angular momentum

The capabilities of modal LC modulator (LC focusator) for optical vortices formation are demonstrated. Two options of changing of the contact electrodes geometry providing a voltage jump and accordingly the jump for profile of phase transmission of modulator are proposed. The examples of distributions of intensity and phase for generated fields are presented

New schemes of compact modal LC modulators for control of light spatial structure

The results of numerical simulation of new schemes of compact modal LC spatial modulators are presented. Special configurations of contact electrodes and predetermined values of applied voltages provide the jump in the profile of phase delay of light passing through the modulator or reflecting from it. This leads to the appearance of a vortex field. Ring-shaped light fields and light fields with intensity distribution in the form of two maxima, which rotate in the transverse plane during propagation were obtained. These devices may be valuable for use in the spectroscopy of single molecules

New schemes of compact modal LC modulators for control of light spatial structure

The results of numerical simulation of new schemes of compact modal LC spatial modulators are presented. Special configurations of contact electrodes and predetermined values of applied voltages provide the jump in the profile of phase delay of light passing through the modulator or reflecting from it. This leads to the appearance of a vortex field. Ring-shaped light fields and light fields with intensity distribution in the form of two maxima, which rotate in the transverse plane during propagation were obtained. These devices may be valuable for use in the spectroscopy of single molecules