Estudio sobre la institucionalización del populismo en el sistema electoral y de partidos del Ecuador

Populism is a political phenomenon, one of the most recurrent and with the biggest social impact in Latin-America. During the past decades, populism has no longer be just a phenomenon but an actual fact, to become an institution in the electoral and political parties’ systems. One could say that even, clientelism has become part of the political culture of the system and the citizens in Ecuador. However, this thesis would try to do a reflection and analysis about the possible causes of the institutionalization of populism in Ecuador...El populismo es uno de los fenómenos políticos más recurrentes y de mayor impacto social en Latinoamérica. Durante las últimas décadas, el populismo ha pasado de ser un fenómeno a un hecho, a institucionalizarse en el sistema electoral y partidario. Se puede decir que incluso el clientelismo ha formado parte de la cultura política del sistema y los ciudadanos en el Ecuador. Sin embargo, lo que este trabajo intenta hacer es una reflexión a las posibles causas de la institucionalización del populismo en el Ecuador..

Improved production of lutein and β-carotene by thermal and light intensity upshifts in the marine microalga Tetraselmis sp. CTP4

The industrial microalga Tetraselmis sp. CTP4 is a promising candidate for aquaculture feed, novel food, cosmeceutical and nutraceutical due to its balanced biochemical profile. To further upgrade its biomass value, carotenogenesis was investigated by testing four environmental factors, namely temperature, light intensity, salinity and nutrient availability over different growth stages. The most important factor for carotenoid induction in this species is a sufficient supply of nitrates leading to an exponential growth of the cells. Furthermore, high temperatures of over 30 degrees C compared to lower temperatures (10 and 20 degrees C) induced the accumulation of carotenoids in this species. Remarkably, the two different branches of carotenoid synthesis were regulated depending on different light intensities. Contents of beta-carotene were 3-fold higher under low light intensities (33 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) while lutein contents increased 1.5-fold under higher light intensities (170 and 280 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)). Nevertheless, highest contents of carotenoids (8.48 +/- 0.47 mg g(-1) DW) were found upon a thermal upshift from 20 degrees C to 35 degrees C after only two days at a light intensity of 170 mu mol m(-2) s(-1). Under these conditions, high contents of both lutein and beta-carotene were reached accounting for 3.17 +/- 0.18 and 3.21 +/- 0.18 mg g(-1) DW, respectively. This study indicates that Tetraselmis sp. CTP4 could be a sustainable source of lutein and beta-carotene at locations where a robust, euryhaline, thermotolerant microalgal strain is required.Funding Agency Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology UID/Multi/04326/2019 SFRH/BD/115325/2016 SFRH/BD/140143/2018 SFRH/BD/105541/2014 0055 ALGARED+ 05 INTERREG V-A -Espana Portugal project national Portuguese funding PPBI-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-22122 Nord Universityinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Programa de microcréditos Usura Cero en los barrios Yaguares, Palo Alto y San Francisco del municipio de Matagalpa en los periodos 2008-2010

La importancia de este trabajo es revelar, cuál ha sido el impacto socioeconómico del programa Usura Cero en los barrios Yaguares, Palo Alto y San Francisco del municipio de Matagalpa y de qué manera ha aportado a la economía del hogar, como también al desarrollo personal y familiar de las mujeres socias del programa. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el impacto socioeconómico del Programa Usura Cero en los barrios estudiados y de qué manera contribuye al desarrollo social y económico de las mujeres socias del programa. El tipo de investigación en este documento es explicativa y descriptiva, el tipo de enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo y el método utilizado fue el teórico empírico ya que se utilizaron instrumentos que ayudaron a la recopilación de datos. La mayoría de las mujeres asociadas a este programa deben de cumplir con los requisitos requeridos para poder optar al crédito; Este crédito es una parte esencial dentro de la economía del municipio, ya que permite un desarrollo endógeno desde los hogares y permite el acceso al financiamiento, lo que da paso a mejorar los niveles de vida de las socias que por medio de este programa de carácter social han tenido resultados positivos, ya que sus niveles de ingresos han mejorado y la calidad de vida de su familia; así como también les han ayudado a reivindicar sus derechos civiles, puesto que han logrado alcanzar independencia económica mediante este programa que promueve la solidaridad con la participación dentro del núcleo de su grupo solidari

Risk factors and mortality after elective and emergent laparatomies for oncological procedures in 89 patients in the intensive care unit: a retrospective observational cohort study

Background: Abdominal surgeries for cancer are associated with postoperative complications and mortality. A view of the success of anaesthetic, surgical and critical care can be gained by analyzing factors associated with mortality in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). The objective of this study was to identify the postoperative mortality rate and the causes of perioperative death in high-risk patients after abdominal surgery for cancer. A secondary objective was to explore possible risk factors for death in scheduled and emergency surgeries, with a view to finding guidance on preventable risk factors. Methods: An observational study, in a 12-bed surgical ICU of a tertiary hospital. Patients admitted after abdominal surgery for cancer to the ICU for more than 24 hours' care were included from January 1, 2008-December 31, 2009. Data were extracted from the minimum basic dataset. The main outcome considered was 90-day mortalit

Calculation of Gasoline Octane Numbers Taking into Account the Reaction Interaction of Blend Components

A new approach for calculation of gasoline octane numbers was described taking into account the reaction interaction of blend components and the interaction mechanism of antiknock additives with hydrocarbons. It was determined that for octane numbers of alkylates and isomerizates, synergistic effect is observed, and for octane numbers of reformates, antagonistic effect is observed. The computer modeling system «Compounding» for calculation of gasoline octane numbers was designed

Un año de registro de traumatismos graves en Cataluña. Análisis de los primeros resultados

Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados del primer año de implantación de un registro poblacional hospitalario de traumatismos graves en Cataluña (TraumCat). Método: Un total de 15 hospitales han recogido de forma prospectiva información sobre pacientes traumáticos graves, adultos y pediátricos (menores de 16 años), durante un periodo de un año (del 1 julio 2012 al 1 julio 2013) y la han introducido en un registro informatizado accesible en red. Resultados: Se han registrado 1.106 casos de pacientes con traumatismos de alta energía (12,2% en menores de 16 años). Un 84% de los traumatismos fueron no intencionales en adultos jóvenes. El 54,4% de los traumatismos se originaron en accidentes de circulación y el 26,9% en precipitaciones. Un 5,4% correspondían a agresiones. Un 46% de pacientes presentaban un ISS mayor a 15, mientras que el NISS era mayor a 15 en un 51%. La tasa media de mortalidad fue del 10%. Sin embargo, en mayores de 60 años la tasa alcanzó el 25,2%. Conclusiones: TraumCat permite conocer la dimensión y evaluar el proceso asistencial en torno al traumatismo grave en Cataluña. Es preciso avanzar en la consolidación y mejora de esta herramienta como estrategia de monitorización del proceso asistencial y análisis de resultados

Magnetomechanical effect in nickel and cobalt

The change in magnetization as a result of applied uniaxial stress has been measured in nickel and cobalt. Both tensile and compressive stresses were applied up to 125 MPa. Magnetostriction and anhysteretic magnetization as a function of stress were also measured. The change in magnetization with stress depended on the applied stress and the displacement between the prevailing magnetization and anhysteretic. At the loop tips, nickel showed a +6 mT (compression) and −6 mT (tension) magnetization change while cobalt displayed a +15 mT (compression) and −15 mT (tension) magnetization change. At remanence,nickel decreased in magnetization by 45 mT under either sign of stress, while cobalt decreased by 20 mT also under either sign of stress. Magnetomechanical changes in magnetization near the loop tips were mostly reversible, while at remanence the magnetomechanical change was predominately irreversible. Cobalt generally displayed larger changes in magnetization with stress than nickel at locations close to the loop tips, while the converse was true at locations near remanence. The results confirm the hypothesis that the magnetomechanical effect(dM/dσ) depends on the displacement between the anhysteretic and prevailing magnetization

Androgyny versus Patriarchy: A Historicist‐Psychoanalytic Reading of Hemingway\u27s The Garden of Eden and Wilkie Collins\u27s The Woman in White

This paper will examine how male and female character interactions in Ernest Hemingway’s The Garden of Eden and Wilkie Collins’s The Woman in White expose the internalization, normalization, and perpetuation of current modes of patriarchy in terms of gender roles through their presentations of androgyny. This paper highlights the parallels of gender construction and the interaction within the social relations depicted in these two novels, which have not been compared previously. The premise, based on the psychoanalytic theories of Jacques Lacan and cultural materialism of Raymond Williams, is that fiction reflects historical and contemporary social relations. Lacanian and feminist interpretations have both been conducted on literature written by Collins and Hemingway; however, neither look at these particular novels as two examples for the same contemporary phenomenon of 21st century patriarchal interpellation. This paper most similarly follows the work of Slavoj Žižek who analyzes contemporary social relations through film (including classics such as Casablanca and works by Alfred Hitchcock) and other aspects of popular culture. This project’s contribution and uniqueness lie with the way it applies theory to these particular literary works, specifically concerning gender relations and the prevalence of androgyny in widely read works by well-known authors in two very different literary and historical eras. My interpretation of these two novels provides an evaluation of historical and contemporary patriarchal norms and a radical potentiality for subverting the idea of static gender roles that has remained prevalent throughout the three centuries of these texts’ existence