Panorama dos institutos nacionais de ciência e tecnologia da área da saúde : potenciais para a pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D) de produtos estratégicos para o SUS

Monografia (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ceilândia, Curso de Saúde Coletiva, 2015.Atualmente a pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D) em saúde no Brasil representa 30% do esforço científico do país. Essas relações têm crescido e o Sistema único de Saúde tem um papel estratégico como indutor dessas parcerias como no caso das parcerias público-privadas (PPPs). A inter-relação entre a universidade, centros de pesquisas e empresas é essencial para promover uma expansão tecnológica na fase de P&D e para que o conhecimento que foi produzido se resulte em produtos disponíveis no mercado e acessíveis, com potenciais de aprimorar as ações de vigilância a saúde e a prestação de serviços na rede SUS. Essas inter-relações devem ser estimuladas através de programas que fomentam projetos de P&D, como também a mobilização e agregação de redes de pesquisa em nível nacional e internacional e também estimula a parceria entre a universidade e a empresa, como é o caso dos Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e Tecnologia da área da saúde (INCTs- Saúde). Trata-se de um estudo de caso, em que o universo é os 39 INCTs da área de Saúde. Este estudo tem o marco temporal do período de 2008 a outubro de 2015, caráter exploratório, com a natureza quantitativa, foram utilizadas fontes secundárias, cujo procedimento de coleta de dados foi baseado nos registros encontrados nas páginas eletrônicas de cada INCT da área da Saúde. O seguinte estudo tem como objetivo responder a seguinte pergunta guia: Qual a contribuição dos INCTs-Saúde para a pesquisa e desenvolvimento de produtos estratégicos para o SUS? Partindo dessa pergunta, mapeamos os 39 INCTs-Saúde distribuídos nacionalmente, cada um com projetos voltados para um tema específico da área da saúde e identificamos um total de 242 produtos tecnológicos produzidos entre eles reagentes, antígenos e recombinantes de vacinas para doenças negligênciadas, novos fármacos, criação de hardware e software, próteses e órteses de titânio entre outros e também foi identificado o total de 112 patentes. Por fim o estudo descreve as parcerias entre os INCTs-Saúde e empresas nacionais com um total de 28 colaboradores e lista o total de 175 instituições e empresas parceiras internacionalmente dando-se ênfase para parcerias com países dos EUA, Reino Unido, Argentina e entre outros. O presente estudo nos traz a reflexão sobre a necessidade de se preservar esse Programa levanto em conta a sua magnitude, a sua contribuição pontualmente para a geração, desenvolvimento e incorporação de novos produtos tecnológicos na rede SUS e aumento da colaboração no avanço cientifíco, tecnológico e inovativo no Brasil. __________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTCurrently, research and development (R & D) in health in Brazil represents 30% of scientific effort in the country. These relationships have grown and the only health system has a strategic role as a promoter of these partnerships as in the case of public-private partnerships (PPPs). The interrelation between universities, research centers and business is essential to promote technological expansion in the R & D phase and that the knowledge that has been produced to result in products available and affordable, with potential to improve surveillance actions health and provision of services in the public health system. These inter-relationships should be encouraged through programs that foster R & D projects, as well as the mobilization and aggregation of research networks at national and international level and also encourages partnership between universities and industry, such as the National Institutes Science and health technology (INCTs- Health). It is a case study, in which the universe is 39 INCTs of Health. This study has the timeframe of 2008 to October 2015, exploratory, with quantitative, secondary sources were used, whose data collection procedure was based on the records found in the web sites of each INCT the Health area The following study aims to answer the following question guide:. What is the contribution of INCTs-Health for research and development of strategic products SUS? From this question, we mapped 39 INCTs-Health distributed nationally, each with projects focused on a specific topic of health and identified a total of 242 technological products produced including reagents, antigens and recombinant vaccines for neglected diseases, new drugs , creation of hardware and software, titanium prostheses and orthoses and among others also identified a total of 112 patents. Finally, the study describes partnerships between INCTs-health and domestic companies with a total of 28 employees and lists the total of 175 institutions and partner companies internationally giving emphasis to partnerships with the countries USA, UK, Argentina and etc. . This study brings us to reflect on the need to preserve this program raise regard to its magnitude, its contribution on time for the generation, development and incorporation of new technological products in the public health system and increased collaboration in scientific advancement, technological and Innovative in Brazil

Infection with a Brazilian isolate of Zika virus generates RIG‐I stimulatory RNA and the viral NS5 protein blocks type I IFN induction and signalling

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a major public health concern in the Americas. We report that ZIKV infection and RNA extracted from ZIKV infected cells potently activated the induction of type I interferons (IFNs). This effect was fully dependent on the mitochondrial antiviral signalling protein (MAVS), implicating RIG‐I‐like receptors (RLRs) as upstream sensors of viral RNA. Indeed, RIG‐I and the related RNA sensor MDA5 contributed to type I IFN induction in response to RNA from infected cells. We found that ZIKV NS5 from a recent Brazilian isolate blocked type I IFN induction downstream of RLRs and also inhibited type I IFN receptor (IFNAR) signalling. We defined the ZIKV NS5 nuclear localization signal and report that NS5 nuclear localization was not required for inhibition of signalling downstream of IFNAR. Mechanistically, NS5 blocked IFNAR signalling by both leading to reduced levels of STAT2 and by blocking phosphorylation of STAT1, two transcription factors activated by type I IFNs. Taken together, our observations suggest that ZIKV infection induces a type I IFN response via RLRs and that ZIKV interferes with this response by blocking signalling downstream of RLRs and IFNAR

Simultaneous selection of peach rootstocks by mixed models

The term adaptability refers to the ability of a genotype to respond favorably to environmental spur, while stability is the predictability of genotypic behavior. Therefore, the objective was to select Prunus rootstock cultivars with greater adaptability and genotypic stability for subtropical environmental conditions using the HMPRVG method. The experiment was conducted in Chapecó, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Twenty-one rootstock genotypes were evaluated under the ‘BRS-Libra’ canopy cultivar and one genotype from self-rooted seedlings. The 22 genotypes were evaluated for canopy volume, yield, fruit diameter and fruit set in the growing seasons 2015/16, 2016/17, 2017/18 and 2018/19. Adaptability and stability were measured by means of the harmonic mean relative performance of genotypic values (HMRPGV). In addition, genetic parameters for heritability and ratio test were measured. According to the results, the self-rooted, ‘De Guia’, ‘I-67-52-4’, ‘Mexico Row 1’ and ‘Rosaflor’ genotypes coincided most frequently in the ranking of the three most adaptable and stable genotypes. On the other hand, the ‘P. mandshurica’, ‘Rigitano’ and ‘Santa Rosa’ genotypes corresponded to the lowest adaptability and stability values, thus constituting low quality genetic materials for cultivation. It can be concluded that under the tested conditions the HMPRVG method is efficient for the Prunus rootstock selection cultivars and the ‘BRS-Libra’ grafted on ‘Mexico Row 1’, ‘Rosaflor’ rootstocks and trees from self-rooted seedlings have greater adaptability and phenotypic stability under the subtropical cultivation conditions.The term adaptability refers to the ability of a genotype to respond favorably to environmental spur, while stability is the predictability of genotypic behavior. Therefore, the objective was to select Prunus rootstock cultivars with greater adaptability and genotypic stability for subtropical environmental conditions using the HMPRVG method. The experiment was conducted in Chapecó, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Twenty-one rootstock genotypes were evaluated under the ‘BRS-Libra’ canopy cultivar and one genotype from self-rooted seedlings. The 22 genotypes were evaluated for canopy volume, yield, fruit diameter and fruit set in the growing seasons 2015/16, 2016/17, 2017/18 and 2018/19. Adaptability and stability were measured by means of the harmonic mean relative performance of genotypic values (HMRPGV). In addition, genetic parameters for heritability and ratio test were measured. According to the results, the self-rooted, ‘De Guia’, ‘I-67-52-4’, ‘Mexico Row 1’ and ‘Rosaflor’ genotypes coincided most frequently in the ranking of the three most adaptable and stable genotypes. On the other hand, the ‘P. mandshurica’, ‘Rigitano’ and ‘Santa Rosa’ genotypes corresponded to the lowest adaptability and stability values, thus constituting low quality genetic materials for cultivation. It can be concluded that under the tested conditions the HMPRVG method is efficient for the Prunus rootstock selection cultivars and the ‘BRS-Libra’ grafted on ‘Mexico Row 1’, ‘Rosaflor’ rootstocks and trees from self-rooted seedlings have greater adaptability and phenotypic stability under the subtropical cultivation conditions

Purification and In Vitro Growth of Human Epidermal Basal Keratinocytes Using a Monoclonal Antibody

We have made a new monoclonal antibody, EL-2, and used it with an immunorosetting procedure combined with Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation to purify and culture basal keratinocytes. Immunofluorescence of cell suspensions and immunoperoxidase staining of tissue sections demonstrate that EL-2 reacts with malignant cell lines, activated lymphocytes and monocytes, and basal keratinocytes. Sequential immunoprecipitation studies demonstrate that monoclonal antibodies EL-2 and 4F2 detect the same membrane protein. However, we have extended previous studies by making the new observation that both EL-2 and 4F2 react with cultured melanocytes. Basal keratinocytes were purified from single-cell epidermal suspensions by incubation with EL-2 followed by rosetting with rabbit antimouse IgG antibodies covalently linked to bovine red blood cells. Rosetting (basal) keratinocytes were separated from EL-2 negative cells by Ficoll gradient centrifugation. We obtained basal keratinocyte populations of >90% purity as assessed by reactivity with EL-2 and another basal keratinocyte-specific monoclonal antibody, HCl. Langerhans cell, fibroblast, and melanocyte contamination was negligible. Cultures of basal keratinocytes were enriched in EL-2-reactive cells throughout the entire 19 days of culture studied. EL-2 is being used to characterize disorders of keratinocyte proliferation; EL-2 reacted with both squamous and basal cell carcinomas. EL-2 stained only the basal layer of lesional skin from patients with psoriasis, pityriasis rubra pilaris, and Darier's disease. Purification of basal keratinocytes will be important in biochemical and functional studies of normal skin and in establishing long-term keratinocyte lines from normal cells

Jeans Instability in a Tidally Disrupted Halo Satellite Galaxy

We use a hybrid test particle/N-body simulation to integrate 4 million massless test particle trajectories within a fully self-consistent 10^5 particle N-body simulation. The number of massless particles allows us to resolve fine structure in the spatial distribution and phase space of a dwarf galaxy as it is disrupted in the tidal field of a Milky Way type galaxy. The tidal tails exhibit nearly periodic clumping or a smoke-like appearance. By running simulations with different satellite particle mass, halo particle mass, number of massive and massless particles and with and without a galaxy disk, we have determined that the instabilities are not due to numerical noise, amplification of structure in the halo, or shocking as the satellite passes through the disk of the Galaxy. We measure Jeans wavelengths and growth timescales in the tidal tail and show that the Jeans instability is a viable explanation for the clumps. We find that the instability causes velocity perturbations of order 10 km/s. Clumps in tidal tails present in the Milky Way could be seen in stellar radial velocity surveys as well as number counts. We find that the unstable wavelength growth is sensitive to the simulated mass of dark matter halo particles. A simulation with a smoother halo exhibits colder and thinner tidal tails with more closely spaced clumps than a simulation with more massive dark matter halo particles. Heating by the halo particles increases the Jeans wavelength in the tidal tail affecting substructure development, suggesting an intricate connection between tidal tails and dark matter halo substructure.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, submitted to MNRAS, May 25 201

"Hey Model!" -- Natural User Interactions and Agency in Accessible Interactive 3D Models

While developments in 3D printing have opened up opportunities for improved access to graphical information for people who are blind or have low vision (BLV), they can provide only limited detailed and contextual information. Interactive 3D printed models (I3Ms) that provide audio labels and/or a conversational agent interface potentially overcome this limitation. We conducted a Wizard-of-Oz exploratory study to uncover the multi-modal interaction techniques that BLV people would like to use when exploring I3Ms, and investigated their attitudes towards different levels of model agency. These findings informed the creation of an I3M prototype of the solar system. A second user study with this model revealed a hierarchy of interaction, with BLV users preferring tactile exploration, followed by touch gestures to trigger audio labels, and then natural language to fill in knowledge gaps and confirm understanding.Comment: Paper presented at ACM CHI 2020: Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, New York, April 2020; Replacement: typos correcte

Vigor e viabilidade de sementes de soja em resposta a umidade durante o processo de armazenagem / Soybean seed vigor and viability in response to humidity during the long storage process

A qualidade fisiológica das sementes é de extrema importância para a produtividade de uma lavoura. Danos por umidade causam perdas significativas do vigor da semente e, por consequência, diminui seu percentual de germinação e prejudica o desenvolvimento da planta. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a evolução do dano por umidade ao longo de um período de 20 dias de armazenagem, sob condições extremas, em lotes que apresentavam ou não danos por umidade na colheita. As amostras foram submetidas à temperatura de 40 ºC e umidade relativa do ar de 80% e, após um período de 4, 8, 12, 16 e 20 dias foram avaliadas quanto ao seu vigor, germinação e morfologia das plântulas originadas. As mesmas amostras também foram submetidas ao teste de tetrazólio. Os resultados demostraram evolução significativa do dano por umidade nas amostras que já apresentavam danos iniciais oriundos da colheita em período não ideal, bem como o aumento do percentual de plântulas anormais, enquanto a testemunha (sem danos iniciais) manteve seu vigor e a evolução do dano por umidade foi irrelevante. Desta forma, os resultados ressaltam que sementes colhidas em condições de umidade não ideais, tendem a perder de maneira considerável sua qualidade fisiológica ao longo do processo de armazenagem o qual, por sua vez, também influencia diretamente no vigor e viabilidade das sementes.

Vigor e viabilidade de sementes de soja em resposta a umidade durante o processo de armazenagem / Soybean seed vigor and viability in response to humidity during the long storage process

A qualidade fisiológica das sementes é de extrema importância para a produtividade de uma lavoura. Danos por umidade causam perdas significativas do vigor da semente e, por consequência, diminui seu percentual de germinação e prejudica o desenvolvimento da planta. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a evolução do dano por umidade ao longo de um período de 20 dias de armazenagem, sob condições extremas, em lotes que apresentavam ou não danos por umidade na colheita. As amostras foram submetidas à temperatura de 40 ºC e umidade relativa do ar de 80% e, após um período de 4, 8, 12, 16 e 20 dias foram avaliadas quanto ao seu vigor, germinação e morfologia das plântulas originadas. As mesmas amostras também foram submetidas ao teste de tetrazólio. Os resultados demostraram evolução significativa do dano por umidade nas amostras que já apresentavam danos iniciais oriundos da colheita em período não ideal, bem como o aumento do percentual de plântulas anormais, enquanto a testemunha (sem danos iniciais) manteve seu vigor e a evolução do dano por umidade foi irrelevante. Desta forma, os resultados ressaltam que sementes colhidas em condições de umidade não ideais, tendem a perder de maneira considerável sua qualidade fisiológica ao longo do processo de armazenagem o qual, por sua vez, também influencia diretamente no vigor e viabilidade das sementes.