53 research outputs found
Analyse de Quelques Caractéristiques de la FiliÚre Maraichage dans Trois Provinces du Gabon
La filiĂšre des cultures lĂ©gumiĂšres est une composante importante de l'agriculture urbaine qui peut contribuer efficacement Ă la sĂ©curitĂ© alimentaire. Cette Ă©tude vise Ă faire lâĂ©tat des lieux de la filiĂšre maraichĂšre au Gabon afin dâidentifier les facteurs dâamĂ©lioration et de relance du secteur. Une enquĂȘte a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e dans trois provinces (Estuaire, NgouniĂ© et Wolleu Ntem) selon la mĂ©thode probabiliste alĂ©atoire sur la base dâun questionnaire regroupant un ensemble de questions pour la collecte des informations. Lâanalyse des donnĂ©es a montrĂ© que lâactivitĂ© maraichĂšre est majoritairement pratiquĂ©e par les expatriĂ©s (87,87%) sur des sites de moins de 1 ha ; la plupart (53%) ayant une expĂ©rience de plus de 10 ans et des pratiques totalement manuelles. 65% des producteurs enquĂȘtĂ©s ont un Ăąge compris entre 30 et 50 ans. Le maraichage non seulement constitue (pour 79,61% des producteurs interviewĂ©s) leur source de revenus pour la famille, mais aussi contribue Ă 100% aux charges et dĂ©penses de la famille. 8,7% seulement des acteurs sont dans une coopĂ©rative et 4% sont installĂ©s sur leur domaine personnel (ou familiale). Les semences utilisĂ©es proviennent des structures commerciales et le systĂšme dâassociation et de rotation de cultures est utilisĂ© pour la gestion des cycles. 68,44% de ces producteurs ont pu installer des abris pour leur activitĂ©. Et 85,92% exercent leur activitĂ© sur financement propre. Concernant la production de tomate, les variĂ©tĂ©s utilisĂ©es gĂ©nĂ©ralement par les producteurs enquĂȘtĂ©s sont des variĂ©tĂ©s hybrides F1 Ă croissance dĂ©terminĂ© avec la variĂ©tĂ© Lindo retrouvĂ©e sur presque tous les sites de tomates. Les traitements (engrais ou produits phytosanitaires) diffĂšrent dâun producteur Ă un autre. La filiĂšre tomate ne possĂšde aucun circuit organisĂ© de gestion et transformation post rĂ©colte. Les tomates fraiches rĂ©coltĂ©es sont vendues sur place ou amenĂ©es vers le marchĂ© de proximitĂ© pour la vente.
The vegetable crop sector is an important component of urban agriculture that can effectively contribute to food security. This study aims to take stock of the market gardening sector in Gabon in order to identify the factors for improving and reviving the sector. A survey was carried out in three provinces (Estuaire, Ngounié and Wolleu Ntem) according to the random probabilistic method on the basis of a questionnaire comprising a set of questions for the collection of information. Data analysis showed that market gardening is mainly practiced by expatriates (87.87%) on sites of less than 1 ha ; most (53%) having an experience of more than 10 years and totally manual practices. 65% of the producers surveyed are between 30 and 50 years old. Market gardening, not only constitutes (for 79.61% of the producers interviewed) their source of income for the family, but also contributes 100% to the expenses and expenses of the family. Only 8.7% of the producers are in a cooperative and 4% are installed on their personal (or family) domain. The seeds used come from commercial structures and the crop association and rotation system is used for cycle management. 68.44% of these producers were able to install shelters (greenhouses) for their activity. And 85.92% carry out their activity with own financing. Regarding tomato production, the varieties generally used by the producers surveyed are F1 hybrid varieties (with determined growth) with the Lindo variety found on almost all tomato sites. The treatments (fertilizers or phytosanitary products) differ from one producer to another. The tomato sector has no organized post-harvest management and processing circuit. The fresh tomatoes harvested are sold on site or transported to the local market for sale
Analyse de Quelques Caractéristiques de la FiliÚre Maraichage dans Trois Provinces du Gabon
La filiĂšre des cultures lĂ©gumiĂšres est une composante importante de l'agriculture urbaine qui peut contribuer efficacement Ă la sĂ©curitĂ© alimentaire. Cette Ă©tude vise Ă faire lâĂ©tat des lieux de la filiĂšre maraichĂšre au Gabon afin dâidentifier les facteurs dâamĂ©lioration et de relance du secteur. Une enquĂȘte a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e dans trois provinces (Estuaire, NgouniĂ© et Wolleu Ntem) selon la mĂ©thode probabiliste alĂ©atoire sur la base dâun questionnaire regroupant un ensemble de questions pour la collecte des informations. Lâanalyse des donnĂ©es a montrĂ© que lâactivitĂ© maraichĂšre est majoritairement pratiquĂ©e par les expatriĂ©s (87,87%) sur des sites de moins de 1 ha ; la plupart (53%) ayant une expĂ©rience de plus de 10 ans et des pratiques totalement manuelles. 65% des producteurs enquĂȘtĂ©s ont un Ăąge compris entre 30 et 50 ans. Le maraichage non seulement constitue (pour 79,61% des producteurs interviewĂ©s) leur source de revenus pour la famille, mais aussi contribue Ă 100% aux charges et dĂ©penses de la famille. 8,7% seulement des acteurs sont dans une coopĂ©rative et 4% sont installĂ©s sur leur domaine personnel (ou familiale). Les semences utilisĂ©es proviennent des structures commerciales et le systĂšme dâassociation et de rotation de cultures est utilisĂ© pour la gestion des cycles. 68,44% de ces producteurs ont pu installer des abris pour leur activitĂ©. Et 85,92% exercent leur activitĂ© sur financement propre. Concernant la production de tomate, les variĂ©tĂ©s utilisĂ©es gĂ©nĂ©ralement par les producteurs enquĂȘtĂ©s sont des variĂ©tĂ©s hybrides F1 Ă croissance dĂ©terminĂ© avec la variĂ©tĂ© Lindo retrouvĂ©e sur presque tous les sites de tomates. Les traitements (engrais ou produits phytosanitaires) diffĂšrent dâun producteur Ă un autre. La filiĂšre tomate ne possĂšde aucun circuit organisĂ© de gestion et transformation post rĂ©colte. Les tomates fraiches rĂ©coltĂ©es sont vendues sur place ou amenĂ©es vers le marchĂ© de proximitĂ© pour la vente.
The vegetable crop sector is an important component of urban agriculture that can effectively contribute to food security. This study aims to take stock of the market gardening sector in Gabon in order to identify the factors for improving and reviving the sector. A survey was carried out in three provinces (Estuaire, Ngounié and Wolleu Ntem) according to the random probabilistic method on the basis of a questionnaire comprising a set of questions for the collection of information. Data analysis showed that market gardening is mainly practiced by expatriates (87.87%) on sites of less than 1 ha ; most (53%) having an experience of more than 10 years and totally manual practices. 65% of the producers surveyed are between 30 and 50 years old. Market gardening, not only constitutes (for 79.61% of the producers interviewed) their source of income for the family, but also contributes 100% to the expenses and expenses of the family. Only 8.7% of the producers are in a cooperative and 4% are installed on their personal (or family) domain. The seeds used come from commercial structures and the crop association and rotation system is used for cycle management. 68.44% of these producers were able to install shelters (greenhouses) for their activity. And 85.92% carry out their activity with own financing. Regarding tomato production, the varieties generally used by the producers surveyed are F1 hybrid varieties (with determined growth) with the Lindo variety found on almost all tomato sites. The treatments (fertilizers or phytosanitary products) differ from one producer to another. The tomato sector has no organized post-harvest management and processing circuit. The fresh tomatoes harvested are sold on site or transported to the local market for sale
Analyse de Quelques Caractéristiques de la FiliÚre Maraichage dans Trois Provinces du Gabon
La filiĂšre des cultures lĂ©gumiĂšres est une composante importante de l'agriculture urbaine qui peut contribuer efficacement Ă la sĂ©curitĂ© alimentaire. Cette Ă©tude vise Ă faire lâĂ©tat des lieux de la filiĂšre maraichĂšre au Gabon afin dâidentifier les facteurs dâamĂ©lioration et de relance du secteur. Une enquĂȘte a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e dans trois provinces (Estuaire, NgouniĂ© et Wolleu Ntem) selon la mĂ©thode probabiliste alĂ©atoire sur la base dâun questionnaire regroupant un ensemble de questions pour la collecte des informations. Lâanalyse des donnĂ©es a montrĂ© que lâactivitĂ© maraichĂšre est majoritairement pratiquĂ©e par les expatriĂ©s (87,87%) sur des sites de moins de 1 ha ; la plupart (53%) ayant une expĂ©rience de plus de 10 ans et des pratiques totalement manuelles. Soixante-cinq pour cent (65%) des producteurs enquĂȘtĂ©s ont un Ăąge compris entre 30 et 50 ans. Le maraichage non seulement constitue pour 79,61% des producteurs interviewĂ©s une source de revenus pour la famille, mais aussi contribue Ă 100% aux charges et dĂ©penses de leur famille. Environ neuf pour cent (8,7%) seulement des acteurs sont membre dâune coopĂ©rative et 4% sont propriĂ©taires terriens. Les semences utilisĂ©es proviennent des structures commerciales et le systĂšme dâassociation et de rotation de cultures est utilisĂ© pour la gestion des cycles. Soixante-huit pour cent (68,44%) de ces producteurs ont pu installer des abris pour leur activitĂ©. Et 85,92% exercent leur activitĂ© sur financement propre. Concernant la production de tomate, les variĂ©tĂ©s utilisĂ©es gĂ©nĂ©ralement par les producteurs enquĂȘtĂ©s sont des variĂ©tĂ©s hybrides F1 Ă croissance dĂ©terminĂ© avec la variĂ©tĂ© Lindo retrouvĂ©e sur presque tous les sites de tomates. Les traitements (engrais ou produits phytosanitaires) diffĂšrent dâun producteur Ă un autre. La filiĂšre tomate ne possĂšde aucun circuit organisĂ© de gestion et transformation post rĂ©colte. Les tomates fraiches rĂ©coltĂ©es sont vendues sur place ou amenĂ©es vers le marchĂ© de proximitĂ© pour la vente.
The vegetable crop sector is an important component of urban agriculture that can effectively contribute to food security. This study aims to take stock of the market gardening sector in Gabon in order to identify the factors for improving and reviving the sector. A survey was carried out in three provinces (Estuaire, Ngounié and Wolleu Ntem) according to the random probabilistic method on the basis of a questionnaire comprising a set of questions for the collection of information. Data analysis showed that market gardening is mainly practiced by expatriates (87.87%) on sites of less than 1 ha ; most (53%) having an experience of more than 10 years and totally manual practices. 65% of the producers surveyed are between 30 and 50 years old. Market gardening, not only constitutes (for 79.61% of the producers interviewed) their source of income for the family, but also contributes 100% to the expenses and expenses of the family. Only 8.7% of the producers are in a cooperative and 4% are installed on their personal (or family) domain. The seeds used come from commercial structures and the crop association and rotation system is used for cycle management. 68.44% of these producers were able to install shelters (greenhouses) for their activity. And 85.92% carry out their activity with own financing. Regarding tomato production, the varieties generally used by the producers surveyed are F1 hybrid varieties (with determined growth) with the Lindo variety found on almost all tomato sites. The treatments (fertilizers or phytosanitary products) differ from one producer to another. The tomato sector has no organized post-harvest management and processing circuit. The fresh tomatoes harvested are sold on site or transported to the local market for sale
Distribution et abondance des mouches piqueuses (Glossinidae, Stomoxys et Tabanidae) dans deux parcs nationaux du Gabon.
11 pagesInternational audienceIn order to minimize risks of pathogen transmission with the development of ecotourism in Gabon, a seasonal inventory has been performed in five contrasted biotopes in Ivindo (INP) and Moukalaba-Doudou (MDNP) National Parks. A total of 10,033 hematophagous flies were captured. The Glossinidae, with six different species identified, was the most abundant group and constitutes about 60% of the captured flies compared to the Stomoxys (6 species also identified) and Tabanidae with 28% and 12%, respectively. The Glossinidae showed a higher rate of capture in primary forest and in research camps. In INP, the Stomoxys showed a higher rate of capture in secondary forest and at village borders, whereas in MDNP the Stomoxys were captured more in the savannah area. Thus, each fly group seemed to reach maximum abundance in different habitats. The Glossinidae were more abundant in primary forest and near research camps while Stomoxys were more abundant in secondary forest and savannah. The Tabanidae did not show a clear habitat preference.Afin de minimiser les risques de transmission de pathogĂšnes avec le dĂ©veloppement de lâĂ©cotourisme au Gabon, un inventaire saisonnier a Ă©tĂ© menĂ© dans cinq biotopes caractĂ©ristiques des parcs nationaux de lâIvindo (PNI) et de Moukalaba-Doudou (PNMD). Au total, 10 033 mouches hĂ©matophages ont Ă©tĂ© capturĂ©es. Les Glossinidae, avec 6 espĂšces diffĂ©rentes identifiĂ©es, constituaient le groupe le plus abondant avec 60 % de mouches capturĂ©es, suivi des Stomoxys (6 espĂšces diffĂ©rentes identifiĂ©es) et des Tabanidae avec respectivement 28 % et 12 %. Les glossines ont Ă©tĂ© majoritairement capturĂ©es en forĂȘt primaire et au niveau des camps de recherche. Au PNI, les stomoxes ont Ă©tĂ© majoritairement capturĂ©s en forĂȘt secondaire et en pĂ©riphĂ©rie des villages. Alors quâau PNMD, ces stomoxes ont Ă©tĂ© majoritairement capturĂ©s au niveau des savanes. Ainsi, chaque groupe de mouches semble ĂȘtre infĂ©odĂ© Ă un type de milieu. Les glossines prĂ©fĂšrent la forĂȘt primaire et camps de recherche, alors que les stomoxes prĂ©fĂšrent la forĂȘt secondaire et la savane. Les tabanides ne dĂ©gagent aucune prĂ©fĂ©rence particuliĂšre pour un type de milieu
Géographie du Paludisme dans la région de Libreville-Owendo-Akanda, Gabon
In order to determine the geography of malaria, to know the spatial distribution of health facilities and to identify malaria risk areas in LibrevilleOwendo-Akanda area, a study was conducted from july 2016 to june 2017. This study consisted of collecting hospital morbidity data and characterizing public and private health structures in the study area. The malaria data were collected in the clinics using the pre-designed and tested collection forms. Moreover, the cartography of the health structures and chiefdoms of the different neighborhoods from which each patient came was made using a GPSMAP 62s (Garmin). The spatial analyzes were done in ArcGIS 10.3 software according to the Hot Spot model, to identify areas at risk of malaria. Thus, 211 private and public health structures divided into 12 types were identified. These structures are unequally distributed in the LibrevilleOwendo-Akanda region. The best represented are the private medical surgeries (n = 62 ; 29.38%), the drugstores (n = 39 ; 18.48%), the structure for nursing treatment (n = 36 ; 17.06%). On the other hand, the least represented are the medical centers (n = 2 ; 0.95%) and childbirth clinics (n = 1 ; 0.47%). Finally, the spatial analyzes made it possible to show that the clinical malaria prevalence is higher (hot spots) in the districts of the commune of Libreville than in the neighborhoods of the two other neighboring communes that are Owendo and Akanda. The results obtained contribute to make known the spatial distribution of health facilities and hot spots of malaria in the area of Libreville-Owendo-Akanda.Afin de dĂ©terminer la gĂ©ographie du paludisme, de connaĂźtre la distribution spatiale des formations sanitaires et dâidentifier les zones Ă risque palustre dans la region de Libreville-Owendo-Akanda, une Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e de juillet 2016 Ă juin 2017. Cette Ă©tude a consistĂ© Ă rĂ©colter les donnĂ©es de morbiditĂ© palustre hospitaliĂšre et Ă caractĂ©riser les structures sanitaires publiques et privĂ©es de ladite zone. Les donnĂ©es de paludisme ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es dans les cliniques au moyen des fiches de collecte prĂ©-conçues et testĂ©es. De plus, la cartographie des structures de santĂ© et des chefferies des diffĂ©rents quartiers, dâoĂč provenait chaque malade, sâest faite Ă lâaide dâun GPS-MAP 62s de marque Garmin. Des analyses spatiales ont Ă©tĂ© faites dans ArcGIS 10.3 selon le modĂšle des Hot Spots, pour identifier les zones Ă risques du paludisme. Ainsi, 211 structures privĂ©es et publiques de santĂ© reparties en 12 types ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©pertoriĂ©es. Ces structures sont inĂ©galement rĂ©parties dans la rĂ©gion de Libreville-Owendo-Akanda. Les mieux reprĂ©sentĂ©s sont les cabinets mĂ©dicaux privĂ©s (n=62 ; 29,38%), les pharmacies (n=39 ; 18,48%), les cabinets des soins infirmiers (n=36 ; 17,06%). Tandis que les moins reprĂ©sentĂ©s sont les centres mĂ©dicaux (n=2 ; 0,95%) et les cabinets dâaccouchement (n=1 ; 0,47%). Enfin, les analyses spatiales faites ont permis de montrer que la prĂ©valence palustre clinique est plus Ă©levĂ©e (hot spots) dans les quartiers de la commune de Libreville que dans les quartiers des deux autres communes voisines que sont Owendo et Akanda. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus concourent Ă faire connaitre la distribution spatiale des formations sanitaires et des hot spots du paludisme dans la rĂ©gion de Libreville-Owendo-Akanda
Antimicrobial activity of polyphenol-rich fractions from Sida alba L. (Malvaceae) against co-trimoxazol-resistant bacteria strains
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The increased resistance of microorganisms to the currently used antimicrobials has lead to the evaluation of other agents that might have antimicrobial activity. Medicinal plants are sources of phytochemicals which are able to initiate different biological activities including antimicrobials</p> <p>Materials and methods</p> <p><it>In vitro </it>antibacterial (MIC, MBC and time-kill studies) of polyphenol-rich fractions from <it>Sida alba </it>L. (Malvaceae) was assessed using ten bacteria strains (Gram-negative and Gram-positive).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>All test bacteria were susceptible to the polyphenol-rich fractions. Time-kill results showed that after 5 h exposition there was no viable microorganism in the initial inoculum and the effect of polyphenol-rich fractions was faster on <it>Enterococcus faecalis </it>(Gram-positive bacterium) comparatively to the other bacteria strains.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The data analysis indicates that the tested of polyphenol-rich fractions has significant effects when compared with the standard antibiotic. These results therefore justify the traditional use of <it>sida alba </it>L., alone or in combination with other herbs to treat bacterial infections.</p
âSilentâ circulation of Trypanosoma spp. in Tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae) and Cattle in a Tsetse free Range land of Ngaoundere (Adamawa-Cameroon)
The Adamawa region falls within the tsetse belt of Cameroon but harbours isolated pockets of tsetse free range lands like Ngaoundere. There is no report on the occurrence of tsetse and bovine trypanosomosis in Ngaoundere. To provide information on this subject, two Vavoua traps were used to trap vectors of bovine trypanosomiasis and at the same time, blood was collected from cattle. Genomic DNA was extracted from buffy coat of cattle blood (n=42) and biting flies (n=53). The nested PCR was used to screen the samples for Trypanosoma spp. During the 14 days of trapping in November and December 2017 in Ngaoundere, 127 flies were documented and classified under two taxa: Tabanidae and Stomoxyini. Three Trypanosoma spp. DNA was isolated from tabanid (18.9%) samples and identified as T. theileri, T. vivax and T. evansi and two of them that is T. theileri (4%) and T. vivax (3%) were also detected in cattle (7%). There was no case of trypanosome DNA isolated from all the screened Stomoxyini. This result indicates the âsilentâ transmission of T. theileri and T. vivax by tabanids in the absence of glossines in Ngaoundere.Keywords: Trypanosomes, tabanids, stomoxyini, PCR, Ngaoundere, Adamawa-Cameroon
Diversité Et Distribution De La Grande Faune Mammalienne Dans Le Parc National De Moukalaba-Doudou (Sud-Ouest Du Gabon)
Le Gabon, pays dâAfrique Centrale est recouvert Ă plus de 80% de la forĂȘt pourvue des zones diversifiĂ©es en paysages avec une importante biodiversitĂ© faunique et floristique. Cependant, cette biodiversitĂ© qui est mal connue dans certaines rĂ©gions du pays est confrontĂ©e Ă plusieurs menaces. Câest dans cette optique que nous avons conduit un suivi de la faune dans la partie Nord Est du parc national de Moukalaba Doudou dont le but Ă©tait de dĂ©terminer la diversitĂ© et la rĂ©partition spatiale des grands mammifĂšres sauvages. En utilisant la mĂ©thode de line transect, nous avons installĂ© 165 cameras traps le long de 11 transects. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© performĂ©es par le GML (Generalized Linear Models). Au total, 80410 nuits-piĂšges ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es. PrĂšs de 37 914 vidĂ©os indĂ©pendantes ont Ă©tĂ© obtenues et 10 espĂšces de grands mammifĂšres dont les plus observĂ©s Ă©taient les CĂ©phalophes bleus et rouges suivis des Chevrotains aquatiques, ElĂ©phants et des CercocĂšbes. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus suggĂšrent que les espĂšces de grands mammifĂšres sont distribuĂ©es en fonction des habitats. Les cĂ©phalophes de grande taille, le mandrill, la panthĂšre, le chat dorĂ©, lâĂ©lĂ©phant, et le chevrotain aquatique ont des habitats prĂ©fĂ©rentiels ; par contre, le gorille, le chimpanzĂ©, le cercocĂšbe Ă collier blanc et le cĂ©phalophe bleu ne semblent pas ĂȘtre affectĂ©s par lâhabitat. Ce sont des espĂšces ubiquistes. Cependant, tous les mammifĂšres peuvent ĂȘtre observĂ©s sur lâensemble des transects.
Gabon, a country in Central Africa, is covered by more than 80% of the forest, with areas diversified into landscapes with significant fauna and flora biodiversity. However, this biodiversity, which is poorly understood in certain regions of the country, faces several threats. It is with this in mind that we conducted wildlife monitoring in the northeast part of Moukalaba Doudou National Park, the aim of which was to determine the abundance and spatial distribution of large wild mammals. Using the line transect method we installed 165 cameras traps along 11 transects. The data were performed by the GML (Generalized Linear Models). A total of 80,410 trap nights were completed. Almost 37,914 independent videos were obtained and 10 species of large mammals of which the most observed were the blue and red duikers followed by aquatic Chevrotains, Elephants and Mangabeys. The results obtained suggest that large mammal species are distributed according to habitats. Large duikers, mandrill, panther, golden cat, elephant, and aquatic chevrotain have preferred habitats; however, the gorilla, the chimpanzee, the white-collared cercocebe and the blue duiker do not seem to be affected by the habitat. They are ubiquitous species. However, all mammals can be seen on all of the transects
Typologie Des Gites Larvaires Et Sensibilite Dâanopheles Gambiae S.L. Aux Insecticides En Zone Urbaine, Peri-Urbaine Et Rurale A Oyem (Nord Du Gabon)
Contexte : Les gßtes de développement des moustiques vecteurs et leur niveau de sensibilité aux insecticides ne sont pas connus à Oyem.
Objectif : CaractĂ©riser les gĂźtes de reproduction des populations de moustiques dâOyem et Ă©valuer leur sensibilitĂ© aux insecticides utilisĂ©s en santĂ© publique.
MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes : Des prospections et des collectes larvaires ont Ă©tĂ© menĂ©es en juillet 2020 (saison sĂšche) et de mi-novembre Ă mi-dĂ©cembre 2020 (saison pluvieuse) dans la localitĂ© dâOyem suivant un gradient dâanthropisation. De plus, les moustiques obtenus aprĂšs Ă©mergence ont Ă©tĂ© testĂ©s au DDT 4%, Ă la DeltamĂ©thrine 0,05%, Ă la PermĂ©thrine 0,75%, Ă la Lambdacyalothrine 0,05%, Ă la Cyfluthrine 0,15%, au Bendiocarb 0,1% et au Malathion 5% selon le protocole standardisĂ© de lâOMS de 2017.
RĂ©sultats : Un total de 498 gĂźtes larvaires a Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ© dans la rĂ©gion dâOyem. Ces gĂźtes Ă©taient constituĂ©s de 24,9% de rĂ©cipients domestiques (fĂ»ts, seaux, bidons, bassines, etc.), de pneus usĂ©s (18,2%), de marĂ©cages (9,4%), de flaques dâeau (42,2%), de lacs (1,4%), de riviĂšres (1,6%), de caniveaux (1,4%) et de fosses septiques (1%). PrĂšs de 21 217 larves ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es dont 59% appartenaient au genre Culex, 35% Ă Anopheles et 9% Ă Aedes. Dans la zone urbaine, les larves de Culex Ă©taient les plus frĂ©quentes (84,9%) et celles dâAedes les moins rencontrĂ©es (4,5%). Cependant, dans la zone pĂ©ri-urbaine, ce sont les larves dâAnopheles qui Ă©taient les mieux reprĂ©sentĂ©es (64%) et les larves dâAedes les moins collectĂ©es (2,9%). Enfin, dans la zone rurale, ce sont les larves de Culex qui ont Ă©tĂ© les plus rĂ©coltĂ©es (45,3%) et celles dâAedes les moins observĂ©es (12,7%). Les rĂ©sultats des bioĂ©ssais ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que les populations dâAnopheles gambiae s.l. de la rĂ©gion dâOyem sont rĂ©sistantes au DDT, Ă la DeltamĂ©thrine, Ă la PermĂ©thrine, Ă la Lambdacyalothrine et Ă la Cyfluthrine, mais, sensibles au Bendiocarb et au Malathion.
Conclusion : Bien que les anophĂšles dâOyem soient dĂ©jĂ rĂ©sistants aux OrganochlorĂ©s et PyrĂ©thrinoĂŻdes, ils demeurent encore sensibles aux Carbamates et OrganophosphorĂ©s. Ces deux familles dâinsecticides pourraient ĂȘtre utilisĂ©es en pulvĂ©risation intradomiciliaire Ă Oyem. Toutefois, la recherche des mĂ©canismes Ă lâorigine de ces rĂ©sistances constatĂ©es chez les moustiques dâOyem est nĂ©cessaire pour confirmer ou infirmer les rĂ©sultats obtenus au cours des bioessais.
Background: The development sites of mosquito vectors and their sensitivity level to insecticides are not known in Oyem.
Objective: To characterize the mosquito breeding sites in Oyem and to assess their sensitivity to insecticides used in public health.
Materials and methods: Larval surveys and collections were conducted in July 2020 (dry season) and from mid-November to mid-December 2020 (rainy season) in the locality of Oyem following an anthropization gradient. Moreover, mosquitoes obtained after emergence were tested with DDT 4%, Deltamethrin 0.05%, Permethrin 0.75%, Lambdacyalothrin 0.05%, Cyfluthrin 0.15%, Bendiocarb 0.1% and Malathion 5% according to the 2017 WHO standardized protocol.
Results: A total of 498 breeding sites was identified in the Oyem region. These larval habitats consisted of 24.9% of domestic containers (barrels, buckets, cans, basins, etc.), used tires (18.2%), swamps (9.4%), puddles (42.2%), lakes (1.4%), rivers (1.6%), gutters (1.4%) and septic tanks (1%). About 21,217 larvae were collected, 59% of which belonged to the genus Culex, 35% to Anopheles and 9% to Aedes. In urban area, Culex larvae were the most frequent (84.9%) and Aedes larvae were the least encountered (4.5%). However, in the peri-urban area, Anopheles larvae were the best represented (64%) and Aedes larvae were the least collected (2.9%). Finally, in the rural area, Culex larvae were the most harvested (45.3%) and Aedes larvae the least observed (12.7%). The results of the bioassays revealed that populations of Anopheles gambiae s.l. in the Oyem region are resistant to DDT, Deltamethrin, Permethrin, Lambdacyalothrin and Cyfluthrin.
Conclusion: Although Anopheles in Oyem are already resistant to Organochlorines and Pyrethrinoids, they are still sensitive to Carbamates and Organophosphates. These two families of insecticides could be used for indoor residual spraying in Oyem. However, research into the mechanisms behind the resistance observed in mosquitoes from Oyem is necessary to confirm or refute the bioassay results
Repartition Des Glossines Dans La Province De Lâogooue Ivindo Ancien Foyer De Trypanosomose Humaine Africaine
In Gabon, the situation of Human African Trypanosomosis (HAT) remains unclear. In addition, several historical foci existing in many provinces have not been explored for over 15 years. Yet many studies have shown that this country has to offer favorable ecosystems for the development of tsetse major vectors of HAT. To verify a risk of transmission of sleeping sickness, a tsetse inventory was conducted in the province of Ogooué Ivindo historic home of HAT. Vavoua and Nzi traps were placed in four characteristic habitats of the province: National Park Ivindo, Zadié Village, Forest of Zadié and baï (clearing) of Momba. A total of 2383 flies were captured: 1680 flies in the clearing of Momba, 437 flies in the primary forest Zadié, 139 in the National Park Ivindo and 12 in Zadié village. Moreover, these flies were divided into 7 species Glossina frezili, Glossina fusca congolensis, Glossina nashi, Glossina palpalis palpalis, Glossina tabaniformis, Glossina fuscipes fuscipes and Glossina tachinoides. Glossina palpalis palpalis (46%) was the most abundant species followed by Glossina fusca congolensis (21%) and Glossina nashi (16%). Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (6%), Glossina frezili (4%), Glossina tabaniformis (4%) and Glossina tachinoides (3%) were the least caught species. These results have shown that the province of Ogooué Ivindo still remains infested by tsetse flies. Also, further study monitoring these insects is essential to clarify the epidemiological importance of these vectors on human health in this province
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