Faith and the Asylum Crisis: The role of religion in responding to displacement (Policy Paper)

This briefing paper is a distillation of the main points and recommendations that arose during two two-day workshops held in Washington DC in May 2014 and Brussels in June 2014. The workshops, funded by the British Council USA Bridging Voices program, assembled scholars, policymakers and practitioners focused on issues of asylum, refuge and protection in contemporary global politics and the current and potential future roles of faith and faith actors across the US and Europe

Governing the resilience of neoliberalism through biopolitics

Neoliberalism is widely regarded as the main culprit for the 2007/8 global financial crisis. However, despite this abysmal failure, neoliberalism has not merely survived the crisis, but actually ‘thrived’. How is it possible to account for the resilience of the neoliberalism? Existing scholarship has answered this question either by focusing on the distinctive qualities of neoliberalism (such as adaptability, internal coherence, and capacity to incorporate dissent) or on the biopolitical capacity of neoliberalism to produce resilient subjects. This article adopts a different perspective. Drawing on and partially challenging the perspective of Michel Foucault, I argue that neoliberalism and biopolitics should be considered two complementary governmental rationalities, and that biopolitical rationalities contribute to governing the uncertainties and risks stemming from the neoliberalization of life. Biopolitics, in other words, plays a key role in governing the resilience of neoliberalism. Through this conceptual lens, the article explores how biopolitical rationalities of care have been deployed to govern the neoliberal crisis of the Greek sovereign debt which threatened the stability of the European banking system and, I shall argue, the neoliberal life, wealth and well-being of the European population. The article discusses how biopolitical racism is an essential component of the biopolitical governance of neoliberalism. Biopolitical racism displaces the sources of risk, dispossession, and inequality from the neoliberal regime to ‘inferior’ populations, whose lack of compliance with neoliberal dictates is converted into a threat to our neoliberal survival. This threat deserves punishment and authorizes further dynamics of neoliberal dispossession

The Refugee Crisis and Religion:Beyond Conceptual and Physical Boundaries

t is hard to think of a time in recent history when both ‘religion’ and ‘refugees’ have been such prominent and controversial categories in public politics and discourses around the world. A range of complex dynamics has led to both phenomena independently rising to the top of policy agendas, including, though not limited to, concerns of rising insecurity, in part tied to the perception of mass uncontrolled movement of people, and the global war on terror discourse that contributes to linking ‘terrorist’ and ‘Muslim’ in the public consciousness. From there, it has been only a short step for these words to become linked with ‘refugee’ as well. Categories of ‘religion’, ‘conflict’ and ‘violence’ have already been tied to one another in social imaginaries in Euro-American contexts for some time (Cavanaugh 2009). In the context of the mass migration of displaced people driven by intractable civil war in Syria, the rise of ISIS, alongside existing refugee producing ‘hotspots’, such as Eritrea and Afghanistan (UNHCR 2015), ‘religion’, ‘conflict/violence/terror’ and ‘refugees’ is also becoming increasingly entangled in media, policy narratives and public discourses across numerous contexts

Monte Carlo Simulations of Vesicles and Fluid Membranes Transformations

The appearance of compartmentalization is recognized as a key step in biogenesis. The study of the dynamical behaviour of amphiphilic close membranes at equilibrium or under some external stress (osmotic pressure or dehydration process) can be useful in order to better elucidate the role of vesicles in the origin of life and to get insight into the molecular and membrane properties that bring to a spontaneous vesicle division. A Monte Carlo approach to simulate the evolution of close membranes under an external stress will be presented. This approach is mainly based on the accepted surface energy model introduced by Helfrich (1973) and Seifert (1997a). Some preliminary results will be also illustrated and possible developments and limits of this method discusse

Stochastic simulations of minimal cells: the Ribocell model

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Over the last two decades, lipid compartments (liposomes, lipid-coated droplets) have been extensively used as in vitro "minimal" cell models. In particular, simple and complex biomolecular reactions have been carried out inside these self-assembled micro- and nano-sized compartments, leading to the synthesis of RNA and functional proteins inside liposomes. Despite this experimental progress, a detailed physical understanding of the underlying dynamics is missing. In particular, the combination of solute compartmentalization, reactivity and stochastic effects has not yet been clarified. A combination of experimental and computational approaches can reveal interesting mechanisms governing the behavior of micro compartmentalized systems, in particular by highlighting the intrinsic stochastic diversity within a population of "synthetic cells".</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this context, we have developed a computational platform called ENVIRONMENT suitable for studying the stochastic time evolution of reacting lipid compartments. This software - which implements a Gillespie Algorithm - is an improvement over a previous program that simulated the stochastic time evolution of homogeneous, fixed-volume, chemically reacting systems, extending it to more general conditions in which a collection of similar such systems interact and change over the course of time. In particular, our approach is focused on elucidating the role of randomness in the time behavior of chemically reacting lipid compartments, such as micelles, vesicles or micro emulsions, in regimes where random fluctuations due to the stochastic nature of reacting events can lead an open system towards unexpected time evolutions.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>This paper analyses the so-called Ribocell (RNA-based cell) model. It consists in a hypothetical minimal cell based on a self-replicating minimum RNA genome coupled with a self-reproducing lipid vesicle compartment. This model assumes the existence of two ribozymes, one able to catalyze the conversion of molecular precursors into lipids and the second able to replicate RNA strands. The aim of this contribution is to explore the feasibility of this hypothetical minimal cell. By deterministic kinetic analysis, the best external conditions to observe synchronization between genome self-replication and vesicle membrane reproduction are determined, while its robustness to random fluctuations is investigated using stochastic simulations, and then discussed.</p

‘Good Muslim/ bad Muslim’ and ‘good refugee/bad refugee’ narratives are shaping European responses to the refugee crisis

The growing importance of religious identity in the politics of migration and refugees has led to increasingly harsh immigration policies. Erin K. Wilson and Luca Mavelli argue that the focus needs to shift from religious identity to solidarity with fellow human beings

Matrix Effect in Oleate Micelles-Vesicles Transformation

It is accepted by many authors that the formation of closed molecular structures is a key step in the evolution of life. Oleate vesicles represent a good model system in this framework due to the fact that they self-assemble spontaneously and that fatty acids are considered as possible prebiotic structures. In this contribution, we will focus the attention on the transition from oleate micelles to oleic acid/oleate vesicles induced by a pH change. This transformation is strongly influenced by the presence of pre-formed vesicles. We called this phenomenon the matrix effect. The influence of pre-added POPC liposomes (POPC = 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl- {sn}-glycerol-3-phosphocholine) and oleic acido leate vesicles on the process rate and on the final size distribution will be discussed elucidating the main differences between these two system

Matrix effect in oleate micelles-vesicles transformation

ISSN:0169-6149ISSN:1573-087