Centros celulares nutritivos e espumas microscópicas como formas elementares dos seres viventes

In this paper I will compare two conceptions of basic elements or units of living organisms from the second half of the nineteenth century: Goodsir’s cellular centers and Bütschli’s protoplam. The comparison will be made from the proposition of a nucleoplasmic form, and the referred conceptions are historical expressions of this general form. The nutrition center is a form that combines the functions of nutrition, germination and reproduction, responsible for the production of tissues (textures), organs, tumors and the whole organism from the fertilized egg. Microscopic foams produce organic differentiation through dynamic stabilization of the surface tension between the alveoli. I will conclude critically by discussing the relationship of these two expressions in terms of their continuity or exhaustion as scientific achievements of the biology of the period cited.No presente artigo comparo duas concepções de elementos ou unidades básicas dos organismos vivos da segunda metade do século XIX: os centros celulares de Goodsir e o protoplasma de Bütschli. A comparação será feita a partir da proposição de uma forma nucleoplasmática, sendo as referidas concepções expressões históricas dessa forma geral. O centro de nutrição é uma forma que combina as funções de nutrição, germinação e reprodução, responsável pela produção de tecidos (texturas), órgãos, tumores e a totalidade do organismo a partir do ovo fecundado. As espumas microscópicas produzem a diferenciação orgânica por meio de estabilizações dinâmicas da tensão superficial existente entre os alvéolos. Concluirei criticamente discutindo a relação dessas duas expressões em termos de sua continuidade ou esgotamento como realizações científicas da biologia do período citado

Recent ASDEX Upgrade research in support of ITER and DEMO

Recent experiments on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak aim at improving the physics base for ITER and DEMO to aid the machine design and prepare efficient operation. Type I edge localized mode (ELM) mitigation using resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) has been shown at low pedestal collisionality ( ν ∗ ped < 0 . 4 ) . In contrast to the previous high ν ∗ regime, suppression only occurs in a narrow RMP spectral window, indicating a resonant process, and a concomitant confinement drop is observed due to a reduction of pedestal top density and electron temperature. Strong evidence is found for the ion heat flux to be the decisive element for the L–H power threshold. A physics based scaling of the density at which the minimum P LH occurs indicates that ITER could take advantage of it to initiate H-mode at lower density than that of the final Q = 10 operational point. Core density fluctuation measurements resolved in radius and wave number show that an increase of R/L T e introduced by off-axis electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) mainly increases the large scale fluctuations. The radial variation of the fluctuation level is in agreement with simulations using the GENE code. Fast particles are shown to undergo classical slowing down in the absence of large scale magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) events and for low heating power, but show signs of anomalous radial redistribution at large heating power, consistent with a broadened off-axis neutral beam current drive current profile under these conditions. Neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) suppression experiments using electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) with feedback controlled deposition have allowed to test several control strategies for ITER, including automated control of (3,2) and (2,1) NTMs during a single discharge. Disruption mitigation studies using massive gas injection (MGI) can show an increased fuelling efficiency with high field side injection, but a saturation of the fuelling efficiency is observed at high injected mass as needed for runaway electron suppression. Large locked modes can significantly decrease the fuelling efficiency and increase the asymmetry of radiated power during MGI mitigation. Concerning power exhaust, the partially detached ITER divertor scenario has been demonstrated at P sep /R = 10 MW m − 1 in ASDEX Upgrade, with a peak time averaged target load around 5MWm − 2 , well consistent with the component limits for ITER. Developing this towards DEMO, full detachment was achieved at P sep /R = 7MWm − 1 and stationary discharges with core radiation fraction of the order of DEMO requirements (70% instead of the 30% needed for ITER) were demonstrated. Finally, it remains difficult to establish the standard ITER Q = 10 scenario at low q 95 = 3 in the all-tungsten (all-W) ASDEX Upgrade due to the observed poor confinement at low β N . This is mainly due to a degraded pedestal performance and hence investigations at shifting the operational point to higher β N by lowering the current have been started. At higher q 95 , pedestal performance can be recovered by seeding N 2 as well as CD 4 , which is interpreted as improved pedestal stability due to the decrease of bootstrap current with increasing Z eff . Concerning advanced scenarios, the upgrade of ECRH power has allowed experiments with central ctr-ECCD to modify the q -profile in improved H-mode scenarios, showing an increase in confinement at still good MHD stability with flat elevated q -profiles at values between 1.5 and 2.European Commission (EUROfusion 633053

Registro de lições aprendidas : a competência em Informação como requisito para a busca do consenso nas equipes de projetos

Redes sociais face aos desafios num mundo global / coordenação [de] Joaquim Manuel Rocha Fialho, e outros. - Lisboa : Universidade Lusíada. 2023. - ISBN 978-989-640-249-5 - P. 75-85

A engenharia didática como metodologia de ensino nas aulas de matemática em turmas de proeja

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal elaborar, implementar e analisar uma sequência didática composta por atividades de Estatística para o Ensino Médio na modalidade PROEJA. Foram desenvolvidas e analisadas as habilidades dos alunos em relação à coleta dos dados e ao tratamento, à interpretação e à crítica de informações retiradas de situações cotidianas. Esse estudo foi idealizado devido à carência de material didático voltado especificamente a esse público. A abordagem metodológica adotada foi de natureza qualitativa, com base nos princípios da Engenharia Didática, a fim de realizar um acompanhamento do processo de ensino e aprendizagem, bem como uma análise dos resultados obtidos

ICT, facilitating tools for living and enjoying a barrier-free city

Este artículo se ha realizado, gracias a la ayuda obtenida mediante la Convocatoria RecerCaixa 2013, en la temática La casa y la ciudad adaptadas a las persones con discapacidad, obtenida para el desarrollo del proyecto “Ciudad sin barreras. Herramienta para la avaluación y visualización de la accesibilidad al espacio público, en base a tecnologías TLS, GIS i GPS, dirigido por el profesor Josep Roca Caldera, desarrollado desde el Centro de Política de Suelo y Valoraciones (CPSV). Ambos coautores han participado como investigadores de dicho proyecto y agradecen a RecerCaixa y ACUP la realización de la convocatoria, que posibilita la publicación de los resultados del mismo.Partiendo de la premisa que uno de los principales objetivos de toda sociedad debería ser el proporcionar un entorno accesible y libre de barreras a todas las personas, se desarrolla este artículo, cuyo objetivo principal es presentar una síntesis de los trabajos realizados en el marco del proyecto Ciudad sin Barreras. Herramienta para la avaluación y visualización de la accesibilidad al espacio público, en base a tecnologías TLS, GIS i GPS, así como también el explicar sus principales resultados, consistentes en herramientas de evaluación de la accesibilidad y de información de rutas óptimas en entornos urbanos.Para ello en una primera etapa se desarrolla el contexto de la situación de la accesibilidad; presentando algunas estadísticas de las características de la población con diversidad funcional, así como abordando conceptos como la accesibilidad universal e incidiendo en las aportaciones que la nuevas Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TIC) pueden realizar en la mejora de las condiciones de accesibilidad.Se desarrolla un breve análisis del estado actual de las metodologías de evaluación de la accesibilidad, así como de tecnologías utilizadas en el desarrollo de herramientas de evaluación previas. A partir de las cuales se explican los desarrollos específicos en el marco del proyecto y los resultados del mismo.Respecto de estos últimos, se incide en la importancia de realizar los cálculos de accesibilidad sobre una base métrica de precisión (en este caso un MDT) obtenido mediante TLS, en base a parámetros previamente probados, pero sobre todo se incide en el valor de la herramienta de cálculo de las rutas optimas resultantes, directamente como resultados de los parámetros de evaluación sobre todas las superficies posibles de ambos casos estudiados, disponible tanto en Web como en App. Partint de la premissa que un dels principals objectius de tota societat hauria de ser el de proporcionar un entorn accessible i lliure de barreres a totes les persones, es desenvolupa aquest article, l'objectiu principal del qual és presentar una síntesi dels treballs realitzats en el marc del projecte Ciutat sense Barreres. Eina per a l'avaluació i visualització de l'accessibilitat a l'espai públic, basant-se tecnologies TLS, GIS i GPS, així com també el explicar els seus principals resultats, consistents en eines d'avaluació de l'accessibilitat i d'informació de rutes òptimes en entorns urbans.Per això, en una primera etapa es desenvolupa el context de la situació de l'accessibilitat; presentant algunes estadístiques de les característiques de la població amb diversitat funcional, així com abordant conceptes com l'accessibilitat universal i incidint en les aportacions que la noves Tecnologies de la Informació i les Comunicacions (TIC) poden realitzar en la millora de les condicions d'accessibilitat.Es desenvolupa un breu anàlisi de l'estat actual de les metodologies d'avaluació de l'accessibilitat, així com de tecnologies utilitzades en el desenvolupament d'eines d'avaluació prèvies. A partir de les quals s'expliquen els desenvolupaments específics en el marc del projecte i els resultats del mateix.Respecte d'aquests últims, s'incideix en la importància de realitzar els càlculs d'accessibilitat sobre una base mètrica de precisió (en aquest cas un MDT) obtingut mitjançant TLS, en base a paràmetres prèviament provats, però sobretot s'incideix en el valor de la eina de càlcul de les rutes òptimes resultants, directament com a resultats dels paràmetres d'avaluació sobre totes les superfícies possibles dels dos casos estudiats, disponible tant en web com en App.Starting from the premise that one of the main objectives of any society should be to provide an accessible and barrier-free environment for all people, this article is developed. The main objective is to present a synthesis of the work carried out within the framework of the project City whitouth barriers, tool for evaluation and visualization of accessibility to public space based on TLS, GIS and GPS technologies. In addition is explained its main result; a tool to assess accessibility and information on optimal routes in urban environments.For this, in a first stage the context of the accessibility situation is developed. Are presented some statistics of the characteristics of the population with functional diversity, as well as concepts such as universal accessibility. Also are indicated the contributions that the new Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to improve the accessibility conditions.A brief analysis is made of the current state of accessibility assessment methodologies, as well as the technologies used in the development of previous assessment tools. Then, the specific developments within the framework of the project and the results thereof are explained.With respect to these, it is indicated the importance of performing accessibility calculations on a precision metric basis (in this case a MDT) obtained through TLS, based on previously tested parameters. Finally is explained the importance of the calculation tool of optimum routes, obtined directly as results of the evaluation parameters in all possible surfaces of both cases studied, available both in Web and App.Peer Reviewe

Overview of ASDEX Upgrade results

The ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) programme is directed towards physics input to critical elements of the ITER design and the preparation of ITER operation, as well as addressing physics issues for a future DEMO design. Since 2015, AUG is equipped with a new pair of 3-strap ICRF antennas, which were designed for a reduction of tungsten release during ICRF operation. As predicted, a factor two reduction on the ICRF-induced W plasma content could be achieved by the reduction of the sheath voltage at the antenna limiters via the compensation of the image currents of the central and side straps in the antenna frame. There are two main operational scenario lines in AUG. Experiments with low collisionality, which comprise current drive, ELM mitigation/suppression and fast ion physics, are mainly done with freshly boronized walls to reduce the tungsten influx at these high edge temperature conditions. Full ELM suppression and non-inductive operation up to a plasma current of Ip = 0.8 MA could be obtained at low plasma density. Plasma exhaust is studied under conditions of high neutral divertor pressure and separatrix electron density, where a fresh boronization is not required. Substantial progress could be achieved for the understanding of the confinement degradation by strong D puffing and the improvement with nitrogen or carbon seeding. Inward/outward shifts of the electron density profile relative to the temperature profile effect the edge stability via the pressure profile changes and lead to improved/decreased pedestal performance. Seeding and D gas puffing are found to effect the core fueling via changes in a region of high density on the high field side (HFSHD). The integration of all above mentioned operational scenarios will be feasible and naturally obtained in a large device where the edge is more opaque for neutrals and higher plasma temperatures provide a lower collisionality. The combination of exhaust control with pellet fueling has been successfully demonstrated. High divertor enrichment values of nitrogen EN 10 have been obtained during pellet injection, which is a prerequisite for the simultaneous achievement of good core plasma purity and high divertor radiation levels. Impurity accumulation observed in the all-metal AUG device caused by the strong neoclassical inward transport of tungsten in the pedestal is expected to be relieved by the higher neoclassical temperature screening in larger devices.European Commission (EUROfusion 633053

Escoliosis idiopática del adolescente corrección quirúrgica por vía posterior

Las escoliosis son deformidades estructurales tridimensionales de la columna vertebral. Por definición las escoliosis se definen como curvas con un ángulo de 10 grados o más (6). Existen una variedad de tipos basados en la etiología. Las escoliosis idiopáticas son un diagnostico de exclusión, luego de descartar causas congénitas, sindromáticas o neurológicas. Cerca del 80% de las curvas diagnosticadas son idiopáticas (7). Las escoliosis idiopáticas a su vez se pueden clasificar en infantil cuando se presentan antes de los 3 años de edad y representan aproximadamente el 1% de estas escoliosis. Otro subgrupo es el de la escoliosis idiopática juvenil, la cual se presenta entre los 4 y 9 años de edad y son entre el 12% y el 31% de las curvas idiopáticas. Las escoliosis idiopáticas del adolescente son el otro subgrupo, en el que los pacientes son mayores de 10 años, conformando este subgrupo el de mayor porcentaje de presentación dentro de las escoliosis entre un 70% y un 80% aproximadamente(8). Otros autores han agregado un nuevo subgrupo a las escoliosis idiopáticas, y es el subgrupo de la escoliosis idiopática del adulto (9