19 research outputs found

    The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability

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    Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) ≈500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) wide-spread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism. The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection. There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications

    Avaliação do número e posição de frutos de melancia produzidos em ambiente protegido Evaluation of the number and position of watermelon fruits cultivated in a greenhouse

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    Estudou-se a produção de melancia, cultivar New Kodama, avaliando 1 ou 2 frutos por planta fixados nos ramos entre o 8º e 11º nó e 1 ou 2 frutos por planta fixados nos ramos entre o 13º e 16º nó, no sistema tutorado em ambiente protegido. O experimento foi conduzido na UNESP, em Botucatu (SP), de outubro a dezembro de 2000. Avaliou-se a produção total de frutos por planta, peso médio de frutos e teor em sólidos solúveis totais (ºbrix). A produção foi menor (2,04 kg/planta) quando manteve-se apenas um fruto fixado do 8º ao 11º nó, do que quando manteve-se dois frutos (2,57 kg/planta), mas não houve diferença significativa quando manteve-se um ou dois frutos fixados do 13º ao 16º nó, produzindo cerca de 2 kg por planta. Observou-se também maior peso médio de frutos (2,05 kg/fruto) e maior teor de sólidos solúveis totais (8,78ºbrix) quando mantidos apenas um fruto por planta e maior teor de sólidos solúveis totais (8,21ºbrix) nos frutos mantidos do 8º ao 11º nó.<br>The fruit production of watermelon, cultivar New Kodama, grown in two positions along the stem (8th-11th node and 13th-16th node), with one or two fruits per position was evaluated, under protected cultivation. The experiment was performed in Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil, from October to December, 2000. The total fruit production (kg/plant), the average fruit weight (kg/fruit) and the total soluble solids were evaluated. When only one fruit was allowed to grow between the 8th and 11th node, total fruit production was lower (2,04 kg/plant) than keeping two fruits (2,57 kg/fruit). However, the fruit production was similar (2,0 kg/plant) to one or two fruits when they were allowed to grow between the 13th and 16th node. The average fruit weight (2,05 kg/fruit) and total soluble solids (8,78ºbrix) were higher in fruits grown from plants with only one fruit, than two fruits per plant. Total soluble solids were also higher in fruits grown from 8th to 11th (8,21ºbrix) node position

    MamMiBase: a mitochondrial genome database for mammalian phylogenetic studies

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    Summary: MamMibase, the Mammalian Mitochondrial Genome Database, is a relational database of complete mitochondrial genome sequences of mammalian species. The database is useful for phyloge-netic analysis, since it allows a ready retrieval of nucleotide and aminoacid individual alignments, in three different formats (NEXUS for PAUP program, for MEGA program and for PHYLIP program) of the 13 protein coding mitochondrial genes. The user may download the sequences that is useful for him/her based on their parameters values, such as sequence length, p-distances, base content, transition transversion ratio, gamma, that are also given by Mammibase. A simple phylogenetic tree (neighborjoining tree with Jukes Cantor distance) is also available for download, useful for parameter calculations and other simple tasks. Availability: MamMiBase is available at www.mammibase.lncc.br Contact

    Eficiência da seleção recorrente para redução da estatura de plantas em mamoneira (Ricinus communis L.) Recurrent selection efficiency for stature reduction of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) plants

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    Realizou-se, o presente trabalho, com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência da seleção recorrente para a redução da estatura de plantas de mamona da cultivar Guarani (Ricinus communis L.), tornando-a com porte adequado para facilitar a colheita manual e/ou mecânica. Foram realizados quatro ciclos de seleção recorrente com a utilização de progênies autofecundadas na cultivar Guarani para redução da estatura das plantas, nas condições edafoclimáticas dos municípios de São Manuel - SP, Botucatu - SP e Penápolis - SP. As avaliações de estatura das plantas e de produtividade de grãos (kg.ha-1), dos quatro ciclos de seleção e do ciclo original foram realizadas nos municípios de São Manuel - SP, Botucatu - SP e Penápolis - SP na safra 2005/2006, sob um delineamento de blocos casualizados com cinco repetições e parcela útil de 30 m². A análise de variância para as características avaliadas foi feita separadamente para cada local e conjuntamente para os três locais e, posteriormente, realizada a comparação das médias pelo teste de Tukey, a 5%. Foram estimados, para as três localidades, por análise de regressão, os ganhos genéticos dos quatros ciclos de seleção para estatura de plantas. A partir dos resultados obtidos pôde-se concluir que a seleção recorrente foi eficiente para a redução da estatura de plantas e que a cultivar de mamona Guarani apresenta variabilidade genética para essa característica e que a produtividade não foi influenciada pela redução da estatura de plantas.<br>The aim of this work was to evaluate the recurrent selection efficiency for reduction of stature of the castor bean plants of the Guarani cultivar (Ricinus communis L.), turning it with appropriate strucuture to facilitate the manual and/or mechanic harvest. Four cycles of recurrent selection were accomplished through the utilization of self-pollinated progenies in the Guarani cultivar for reduction of plants stature, in edaphclimatic conditions of São Manuel-SP, Botucatu-SP and Penápolis-SP towns. The evaluations of plants stature and yield (kg.ha-1) of the four selection cycles and the original cycle (cycle 0) were accomplished in São Manuel-SP, Botucatu-SP and Penápolis-SP, under a randomized block design with five repetitions and useful parcels of 30 m². The analysis of variance for the characteristics plant stature and yield was made apart to each environment and together for the three environment and, afterwards one performed the average comparison by the Tukey test using 5% of probability. One estimated for the three environments, by the regression analysis, the genetic gains of the four selection cycles for plant stature. One concluded that the recurrent selection was efficient to the reduction of plant stature and that Guarani castor bean cultivar could create genetic variability for this characteristic and the yield was not influenced by the reduction of plants stature

    Leishmaniose tegumentar americana: flebotomíneos de área de transmissão no Norte do Paraná, Brasil American cutaneous leishmaniasis: phlebotominae of the area of transmission in the North of Parana, Brazil

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    Dos casos de leishmaniose tegumentar diagnosticados no Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa de Análises Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Maringá-PR (Brasil), a maioria está relacionada a áreas, no Norte do Paraná, que vem sendo ocupadas desde a década de 1940, quando se iniciou extenso desmatamento naquela Região. A vegetação nativa, já em grande parte destruída, é constituída por mata densa do tipo tropical de transição para subtropical. A paisagem no seu conjunto é de planalto, com clima tropical de transição para subtropical, temperaturas médias anuais entre 20&deg;C e 22&deg;C e média do mês mais quente superior a 22&deg;C. Das florestas nativas restam poucas e esparsas manchas de vegetação, geralmente modificadas, ao longo das bacias dos rios Ivaí, Paranapanema e Paraná, e seus afluentes. Neste ambiente foram feitas 24 capturas de flebotomíneos, 2 por mês, de outubro de 1986 a setembro de 1987, das 18 horas à l hora do dia seguinte. As capturas, com armadilhas de Shannon, foram realizadas às margens de mata modificada, tendo sido classificados 16.496 flebotomíneos, pertencentes na sua quase totalidade a 13 espécies. Observou-se prevalência de Lutzomyia whitmani com 11.188 (67,82%) exemplares, seguido por Lutzomyia intermedia com 2.900 (17,58%) e Lutzomyia migonei com 1.491 (9,03%). Lutzomyia whitmani e Lutzomyia intermedia vêm mostrando grande capacidade de adaptação nos ambientes antrópicos, onde têm destacado papel na transmissão de leishmaniose.<br>Most of the cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis diagnosed in the laboratory of the State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil, are related to areas of northern Paraná State, which have been settled since 40 years age, when the destructions of vast areas of forest in this region was begun. The native vegetation, already, in large part, destroyed is constituted of dense forest of the type found in the transition from tropical to subtropical regions. The landscape is constituted of plateau with a climate of transition from tropical to subtropical and annual mean temperatures of 20&deg;C to 22&deg;C, the mean of the hottest month being superior to 22&deg;C. The native forests are represented by small, sparse patches of vegetation, with some modification in the basins of the rivers Ivaí, Paranapanema and Paraná and their tributaries. In this environment 24 captures of phlebotomines were made - 2 per month from October 1986 to September 1987, between 6 P.M. and 1 A.M. The captures with Shannon trap were made in the outlying forest of Palmital farm. The majority of the 16,496 phlebotomines were classified into 13 species. Lutzomyia whitmani was predominant with 11,188 (67.82%) specimens, followed by Lutzomyia intermedia with 2,900 (17.58%) and Lutzomyia migonei with 1,481 (9.03%). Lutzomyia whitmani and Lutzomyia intermedia have been manifesting great capacity of adaptation in modified environments, where they have played a significant role in transmission of leishmaniasis
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