Late harvest as factor affecting esca and Botryosphaeria dieback prevalence of vineyards in the Alsace region of France

The decline of grapevines due to esca and Botryosphaeria dieback (Bot. dieback) is a serious problem in the Alsace region of France. A survey of 82 vineyards over 8 years showed that among a set of agronomical and cultural variables, esca and Bot. dieback prevalence correlated to the harvest dates, especially late harvest dates for the production of sweet wines. The interpretation of this finding that points to the carbon balance of the vine and its reserves status as possible causation is discussed. Under this hypothesis the data also point to climatic variables as factors in the disease epidemiology, with a lag phase of about one year.

Bonobos and orangutans, but not chimpanzees, flexibly plan for the future in a token-exchange task

Non-human animals, including great apes, have been suggested to share some of the skills for planning that humans commonly exhibit. A crucial difference between human and non-human planning may relate to the diversity of domains and needs in which this skill is expressed. Although great apes can save tools for future use, there is little evidence yet that they can also do so in other contexts. To investigate this question further, we presented the apes with a planning token-exchange task that differed from standard tool-use tasks. Additionally, we manipulated the future outcome of the task to investigate planning flexibility. In the Exchange condition, subjects had to collect, save and transport tokens because they would need them 30 min later to exchange them for food with a human, i.e., "bring-back" response. In the Release condition, the collection and transport of tokens were not needed as no exchange took place after 30 min. Out of 13 subjects, eight solved the task at least once in the Exchange condition, with chimpanzees appearing less successful than the other species. Importantly, three individuals showed a clear differential response between conditions by producing more "bring-back" responses in the Exchange than in the Release conditions. Those bonobo and orangutan individuals hence adapted their planning behavior according to changing needs (i.e., they brought tokens back significantly more often when they would need them). Bonobos and orangutans, unlike chimpanzees, planned outside the context of tool-use, thus challenging the idea that planning in these species is purely domain-specific

Emploi de la spectroélectrochimie en couche mince pour acquérir des données d’oxydo-réduction d’aminoquinones

La spectroélectrochimie en couche mince est utilisée dans l'étude du transfert électronique entre une électrode de platine et quelques aminoquinones en milieu aqueux. Le transfert électronique a lieu en une ou deux étapes suivant la composition du milieu. Les systèmes oxydo-réducteurs sont très rapides et il est ainsi possible de déterminer les valeurs des potentiels normaux apparents au moyen de courbes intensité-potentiel. La comparaison de ces valeurs avec celles correspondant aux systèmes O2/O2˙- et O2˙-/H2O2 permet de prévoir la réactivité de ces composés dans la catalyse de la dismutation de l'anion superoxyde

Resilience of the British Isles seabird community to natural and anthropogenic disturbance in the twentieth century

International audienc

1,4-Oxazine

The fundamental heterocyclic compound 1,4-oxazine has been generated using FVP. It is the first parent heterocycle among all the possible isomeric oxazines, thiazines and their heavier atom analogues to be characterised spectroscopically, and is shown to exist in solution entirely as the 4H-isomer. X-ray structure determination of the N-Boc precursor shows significant deviations from theoretically predicted geometric parameters.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Synthèse et comportement électrochimique de poly(salènes) possédant des cycles naphtaléniques

Nous décrivons la synthèse de nouveaux polymères du type poly(naphtosalènes), en même temps que les propriétés électrochimiques des polymères obtenus. De plus, nous montrons que dans le cas de cette famille de composés, la polymérisation du ligand seul démétallé reste possible

Resilience of the British Isles seabird community to natural and anthropogenic disturbance in the twentieth century.

International audienc