It All Adds Up: Examining and Enhancing Campus Climate for Affordability at a Four-Year University

This study examined undergraduate students’ perceptions of non-academic spending in college and how they navigated these expenses. Using a mixed-methods study at a public comprehensive university in the southeastern United States, we conceptualized these perceptions as a central component of campus climate for affordability in college. Findings demonstrated that campus policies, practices, and spaces facilitated non-academic spending and exacerbated students’ perceptions that college is unaffordable. Non-academic and social costs were more expensive than students anticipated, and many students struggled to manage their money and cover these costs. Students shared a range of strategies to navigate non-academic expenses, from opting out of social activities to forgoing savings and loan payments. These findings draw attention to policies and practices in higher education that problematize institutions’ commitment to affordability

The Earth: Plasma Sources, Losses, and Transport Processes

This paper reviews the state of knowledge concerning the source of magnetospheric plasma at Earth. Source of plasma, its acceleration and transport throughout the system, its consequences on system dynamics, and its loss are all discussed. Both observational and modeling advances since the last time this subject was covered in detail (Hultqvist et al., Magnetospheric Plasma Sources and Losses, 1999) are addressed

Unusual dose-related effect of an endorphin analog in a complex maze

Hungry adult rats were tested in a 12-choice maze for their ability to find a reward of food 15 minutes after being injected peripherally with (D-Ala 2)-β-endorphin. Injection of the endorphin analog in a dose of 80 μg/kg body weight resulted in rats running the maze significantly slower and with more errors than rats injected with diluent. Animals receiving a dose ten times larger (800 μg/kg) were indistinguishable from controls in both running speed and errors, thus making a toxic effect unlikely. Possible changes in appetite, thirst, olfaction, emotionality, and general motor activity did not seem to explain the results. The inverted U-shaped dose-related response seemed to represent a variant from previous observations with CNS-active peptides in that the smaller dose impaired rather than enhanced performance

Systematic capture of MeV electron beams by MWR

Every ~ 53 days since August 2016, Juno swings by Jupiter and as the spacecraft spins along a polar orbit, measurements of Jupiter's microwave radiation are carried out at high data rates for several hours (~ 9 hours) with the Juno Microwave Radiometer (MWR). Within ~ 6 planetary radii (Rj) and from inside/outside the magnetospheric region, the thermal and synchrotron emissions are measured at high temporal and spatial resolutions. In this paper, we present a synthesis of the spatial distributions of the microwave radiation and discuss the similarities and differences observed at six wavelengths (1.3-50 cm). In addition to the thermal emission and synchrotron radiation from Jupiter's electron belt, unexpected signatures in MWR are either systematically or sporadically reported during perijove 1 (PJ1) and PJ3-PJ6. The preliminary results of a multi-instrument analysis of radio (MWR), extreme and far-ultraviolet auroral emissions (Juno UVS), field (Juno magnetometer), keV electrons (JEDI), and background radiation signatures in Juno's ASC and SRU instruments suggest that some of these signatures are consistent with the capture by MWR of synchrotron emission radiated by MeV electron beams, which may be associated with auroral activity. We subsequently describe in detail our data analysis and effort to model the synchrotron radiation from MeV electron beams to support our findings