Dust sublimation by GRBs and its implications

The prompt optical flash recently detected accompanying GRB990123 suggests that, for at least some GRBs, gamma-ray emission is accompanied by prompt optical-UV emission with luminosity L(1-7.5eV)=10^{49}(\Delta\Omega/4\pi)erg/s, where \Delta\Omega is the solid angle into which gamma-ray and optical-UV emission is beamed. Such an optical-UV flash can destroy dust in the beam by sublimation out to an appreciable distance, approximately 10 pc, and may clear the dust out of as much as 10^7(\Delta\Omega/4\pi)M_sun of molecular cloud material on an apparent time scale of 10 seconds. Detection of time dependent extinction on this time scale would therefore provide strong constraints on the GRB source environment. Dust destruction implies that existing, or future, observations of not-heavily-reddened fireballs are not inconsistent with GRBs being associated with star forming regions. In this case, however, if gamma-ray emission is highly beamed, the expanding fireball would become reddened on a 1 week time scale. If the optical depth due to dust beyond approximately 8 pc from the GRB is 0.2<\tau_V<2, most of the UV flash energy is converted to infra-red, \lambda \sim 1 micron, radiation with luminosity \sim 10^{41} erg/s extending over an apparent duration of \sim 20(1+z)(\Delta\Omega/0.01) day. Dust infra-red emission may already have been observed in GRB970228 and GRB980326, and may possibly explain their unusual late time behavior.Comment: 16 pages, including 1 figure, submitted to Ap

Radiative proton-antiproton annihilation and isospin mixing in protonium

A detailed analysis of the radiative $p\bar p$ annihilation is made in the framework of a two-step formalism, the $p\bar p$ annihilates into meson channels containing a vector meson with a subsequent conversion into a photon via the vector dominance model (VDM). Both steps are derived from the underlying quark model. First, branching ratios for radiative protonium annihilation are calculated and compared with data. Then, details of the isospin interference are studied for different models of the initial protonium state and also for different kinematical form factors. The isospin interference is shown to be uniquely connected to the $p\bar p - n\bar n$ mixing in the protonium state. Values of the interference terms directly deduced from data are consistent with theoretical expectations, indicating a dominant $p\bar p$ component for the $^1S_0$ and a sizable $n\bar n$ component for the $^3S_1$ protonium state. The analysis is extended to the $p\bar p \to \gamma \Phi$ transition, where the large observed branching ratio remains unexplained in the VDM approach.Comment: 34 pages, RevTeX, 2 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. C; typos correcte

10^{10}Li spectrum from 11^{11}Li fragmentation

A recently developed time dependent model for the excitation of a nucleon from a bound state to a continuum resonant state in the system n+core is applied to the study of the population of the low energy continuum of the unbound $^{10}$Li system obtained from $^{11}$Li fragmentation. Comparison of the model results to new data from the GSI laboratory suggests that the reaction mechanism is dominated by final state effects rather than by the sudden process, but for the population of the l=0 virtual state, in which case the two mechanisms give almost identical results. There is also, for the first time, a clear evidence for the population of a d$_{5/2}$ resonance in $^{10}$Li.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in Nucl.Phys.

Karakteristik Habitat Perkembangbiakan Vektor Filariasis Di Kecamatan Kodi Balaghar Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya

Subdistrict scores balaghar is on filariasis endemic areas in the shouthwest district Sumba. Filariasis (elephantiasis) is a chronic infectious disease caused by the filarial worm that attacks the lymph channels and lymph (lymphatic system) that can cause acuteor chronic clinical symptoms and is transmitted by mosquitoes Mansonia, Anopheles, Culex, Amigeres. The purpose researchis to describe the characteristics of the environment and behavior to the incidence on filariasis in District Kodi Balaghar South western Sumba. This research is descriptive study with cross sectional approach that describes the spread of filariasis. Kodi was conducted in Southwest Sumba Regency Balaghar for eight months from April to November 2014. Foundas apotential habitat forlas mosquito breeding habitats where dominant is a puddle of water, springs, drains and small stream swith temperatures ranging from21-350C, from 0,22 to 795 luxillumination, range pH between7,2 to 7,7, 0-0.1‰ salinity with elevation ranging from 25-117m/asl. Where is thespecies found in the breeding habitat on is An.vagus, An.barbirostris, An.annularis, Cx.vishnui, Cx.bitaeniorhynchus, Cx.quinquefasciatus, Ar. Kuchingensis

Hubungan Sebaran Habitat Perkembangbiakan Vektor dengan Kejadian Malaria di Daerah High Incidence Area (Hia) Kabupaten Lombok Tengah Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat

Mapping of malaria cases and the distribution of the malaria vector in high incidence area of central Lombok district was conducted in the villages of Bilelando, Kuta and Selong Belanak. The prupose of this study was to determine the epidemiology of malaria in those villages. The design of the study was cross sectional. Entomology activities conducted among others, identification of suspected malaria vector of adults and mosquito larvae as well as the breeding places. The mosquito collections were conducted by man-hour-density (MHD) method. Mosquito collected consisting of six species anopheles spp i.e. Anopheles vagus, An. subpictus, An. sundaicus, An maculatus, An. aconitus and An. annularis. Anopheles vagus was the predominant species and the peak of the density was found between 19.00-20.00, 21.00-22.00 and 01.00-02.00. Results of the ELISA test showed that An vagus was found harbouring sporozoites Plasmodium vivax. The potential Anopheles spp breeding place were found along the coastal areas such as lagoon, river and rice paddies near the coastal line. It was concluded that An. vagus was the potential malaria vector among six species collected and the breeding places were along the coastal areas.Keywords : mapping, breeding placess, vector, malariaAbstrakKegiatan pemetaan kasus dan habitat perkembangbiakan vektor di daerah High Incidence Area, Kabupaten Lombok Tengah bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang epidemiologi penularan malaria di Desa Bilelando, Kuta dan Selong Belanak. Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional. Kegiatan entomologi yang dilakukan meliputi : identifikasi nyamuk tersangka vektor, indentifikasi jentik dan habitat perkembangbiakan. Kegiatan penangkapan nyamuk dewasa dilakukan dengan metode Man Hour Density (MHD). Anopheles spp. yang diketemukan sebanyak 6 (enam) spesies yaitu An. vagus,An. subpictus, An. sundaicus, An. maculatus, An. aconitus dan An. anularis. Dari Fluktuasi kepadatan per spesies terlihat bahwa An. vagus merupakan spesies yang paling banyak diketemukan, puncak kepadatannya pada jam 19.00-20.00, jam 21.00-22.00 dan jam 01.00-02.00. Hasil uji ELISA spesies An.vagus positif mengandung sporozoite P.vivax. Habitat perkembangbiakan yang potensial sebagai tempat perkembangbiakan Anopheles spp. banyak dijumpai di daerah pesisir pantai seperti lagun, sungai dan persawahan, dengan penyebaran pada lokasi yang dekat sekali dengan garis pantai. Disimpulkan bahwa spesies Anopheles spp. yang diketemukan sebanyak 6 (enam) spesies dan spesies yang positifmengandung sporozoite An.vagus dan habitat perkembangbiakan yang potensial sebagai tempat perkembangbiakan Anopheles spp. adalah lagun, sungai dan persawahan serta mempunyai pengaruh terhadap penyebaran kasus malaria.Kata kunci : Pemetaan, Habitat Perkembangbiakan, Vektor, Malari

Particle-particle random phase approximation applied to Beryllium isotopes

This work is dedicated to the study of even-even 8-14 Be isotopes using the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation that accounts for two-body correlations in the core nucleus. A better description of energies and two-particle amplitudes is obtained in comparison with models assuming a neutron closed-shell (or subshell) core. A Wood-Saxon potential corrected by a phenomenological particle-vibration coupling term has been used for the neutron-core interaction and the D1S Gogny force for the neutron-neutron interaction. Calculated ground state properties as well as excited state ones are discussed and compared to experimental data. In particular, results suggest the same 2s_1/2-1p_1/2 shell inversion in 13Be as in 11Be.Comment: to appear in Phys. Rev.

Perubahan Jumlah Limfosit Pada Penderita Malaria Falciparum Dan Vivax

A definitive diagnosis of malaria is done by microscopic examination since it remains the gold standard..Number of leukocytes among malaria patients changes in lymphocyte cells as an indicator of infection.Preparations of blood samples obtained from mass blood survey methods (MBS) in Central Sumba District,2015. There were 50 blood samples of 25 positive fasciparum and 25 positive vivax. It is found 84%increase in lymphocytes in patients with plasmodium falciparum and an increased of 72% of lymphocytescells among patients with plasmodium vivax compared to reference value. The average number of P.falciparum is 39,7200 lymphocytes and P.vivax is of 21,6000. A statistical test found that p value of&lt;0.05 indicating there is a significant difference between the number of lymphocytes in P. falciparumand P. vivax. Iincreased cells significantly found in old stage of trofosoit with a density between 12-4156mL. It can be concluded that significant increase of lymphocyte cells and its morphology of plasmodiumfalciparum and vivax can be used to diagnose malaria patientswith microscopic methods

Situasi Rabies Dan Upaya Penanganan Di Kabupaten Flores Timur Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT)

Rabies sudah menjadi masalah kesehatan di Kabupaten Flores Timur, sejak mewabahnya virus ini pada tahun 1997. Dalam jangka waktu tiga tahun rabies telah menyebar ke seluruh daratan di Kepulauan Flores. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan survei data dasar kasus rabies dan hewan penular rabies (HPR) serta upaya pengendalian kasus rabies selama 5 tahun terakhir (2004-2008) di Pulau Flores. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui gambaran kejadian rabies, populasi HPR dan upaya pengendalian rabies di Kabupaten Flores Timur. Desain penelitian adalah survei data dasar dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Cara pengumpulan data adalah pengumpulan data dasar kasus rabies dari Dinas Kesehatan dan Dinas Peternakan setempat dan selanjutnya telaah dokumen terhadap distribusi kasus rabies, populasi HPR dan upaya penanganan rabies. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kasus kematian tertinggi pada tahun 2004 sebanyak 3 orang, kasus menurun hingga tahun 2008. Kasus gigitan HPR tertinggi terjadi di bulan Mei dan Agustus, tahun 2004 sebanyak 40% dan distribusi populasi HPR tertinggi mencapai 30% pada tahun 2008. Cakupan vaksinasi HPR tertinggi tahun 2006 sebanyak 24,270 ekor (42,5%) eliminasi tertinggi 2004 sebanyak 100% selanjutnya dilakukan eliminasi selektif pada HPR liar/ tidak bertuan. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan kejadian rabies pada manusia cenderung menurun dari tahun 2004 hingga sekarang. Populasi HPR yang berisiko adalah anjing dan pengendalian rabies dengan 2 cara yaitu vaksinasi dan eliminasi HPR

Gambaran Peningkatan Kadar Inter Leukin-10 (IL-10) Dan Tumor Necrosis Faktor – Alfa (TNF-α) Dengan Gejala Klinis Pada Penderita Malaria

Malaria parasites develop in erythrocytes and naturally-acquired immune responses can result in either the elimination of the parasites or a persistent response. The cytokines are responsible for all the symptoms, pathological alterations and the outcome of the infection depending on the reciprocal regulation of the pro inflammatory (TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines. The aim of this study was to describe the level of IL-10 and TNF- α on malaria infection, using an analytic laboratory cross-sectional design. The serum levels of the cytokines TNF- α and IL-10 from 50 patients were evaluated by indirect ELISA. The results revealed that increased levels of IL-10 and TNF-α among respondents without clinical symptoms of malaria were higher compared to respondents with clinical symptoms of P. falciparum and P. vivax. Statistically, there was no significant association between clinical symptoms with increased cytokine IL-10 and TNF-α.The ratio of TNF-α / IL-10 in respondents with clinical symptoms and without clinical symptoms indicated that the respondent without clinical symptoms was higher than that of clinical symptoms. The study concluded that molecular basis of immune response of patients in the study site is still very good because of reciprocal response between pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory