The TGF-beta — SMAD pathway is inactivated in cronic lymphocytic leukemia cells

Aim: To study the status of the tumor growth factor beta (TGFB) pathway in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells and to uncover molecular details underlying CLL cell genesis. Objects and Methods: The study was conducted on peripheral blood samples of patients with CLL using the following methods: RNA isolation, analysis of expression of transcription factors using RT2 profiler assay, bioinformatics analysis of publicly available data bases on expression. Results: We have shown that the TGFB — SMAD canonical pathway is not active in CLL cells. SMAD-responsive genes, such as BCL2L1 (BCL-XL), CCND2 (Cyclin D2), and MYC, are down-regulated in CLL cells compared with peripheral blood B cells of healthy donors. Conclusions: The TGFB-mediated signaling is not active in CLL cells due to low (or absent) expression of SMAD1, -4, -5, -9, and ATF-3. Expression and phosphorylation status of SMAD2 and -3 should be further elucidated in the future studies

The TGF-beta — SMAD pathway is inactivated in cronic lymphocytic leukemia cells

Aim: To study the status of the tumor growth factor beta (TGFB) pathway in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells and to uncover molecular details underlying CLL cell genesis. Objects and Methods: The study was conducted on peripheral blood samples of patients with CLL using the following methods: RNA isolation, analysis of expression of transcription factors using RT2 profiler assay, bioinformatics analysis of publicly available data bases on expression. Results: We have shown that the TGFB — SMAD canonical pathway is not active in CLL cells. SMAD-responsive genes, such as BCL2L1 (BCL-XL), CCND2 (Cyclin D2), and MYC, are down-regulated in CLL cells compared with peripheral blood B cells of healthy donors. Conclusions: The TGFB-mediated signaling is not active in CLL cells due to low (or absent) expression of SMAD1, -4, -5, -9, and ATF-3. Expression and phosphorylation status of SMAD2 and -3 should be further elucidated in the future studies

Comparative characteristics of biochemical composition of synovial fluid of knee and elbow human joints

The purpose of this study was comparative analysis of normal biochemical composition of synovial fluid of knee and elbow human joints. Studies were performed on synovial fluid samples of 33 cadavers of suddenly dead people of both sexes (26 men and. 7 women) at the age of 23 to 79 years, without articular pathology registered by expert. We didn't reveal reliable differences of albumen-globulin coefficient, but there were differences in contents of albumen fractions, products of oxide peroxidation of albumens. At the developement of pathological process cast of albumen in synovial fluid is possibly the compensatory reaction in providing of synovia viscosity, because albumen component provides this function on level with hyaluronic acid. Knee joint is an hinge joint, that is meant to bend only in one plane. Biomechanics of elbow joint is much more complicated and. is described as "ginglymoid hinge" with abduction-adduction besides the joint is much smaller. Obtained results can be used as normative values of biochemical synovial fluid indexes in orthopaedic and. trauma practic

The IL-2-STAT5 pathway is blocked in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells

Aim: to study the status of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) pathway in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells, to understand functional differences between CLL and the normal mature B-cells. Objects and methods: samples of peripheral blood of patients with CLL, RNA isolation, analysis of expression of transcription factors, using RT2 profiler assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, bioinformatics analysis of publicly available data bases on expression. Results: we have found that the JAK-STAT5 pathway is largely inactivated in CLL cells. Despite elevated expression of STAT2 and STAT5 genes at the mRNA level, STAT5-responsive genes, such as BCL2L1 (BCL-XL), CCND2 (Cyclin D2), HIF1A, ID1, MCL1, and MYC are down-regulated in CLL cells, compared to peripheral blood B-cells of healthy individuals. Conclusions: the inactivation of the JAK-STAT5 pathway could be explained by the high levels of soluble IL-2RA, as was reported earlier. Another possibility could be inhibition of STAT5 phosphorylation, leading to inability to form the active transcriptionally protein heterodimers. The phosphorylation status of STAT proteins in CLL cells should be further illuminated.Мета: вивчити стан шляху інтерлейкіну-2 (IL-2) у клітинах хронічного лімфоцитарного лейкозу (ХЛЛ), щоб зрозуміти функціональні відмінності між ХЛЛ і зрілими B-клітинами. Об’єкти і методи: зразки периферичної крові хворих наХЛЛ, ізоляція РНК, аналіз експресії транскрипційних факторів із використанням аналізу плати RT2 та кількісної полімеразної ланцюгової реакції, біоінформатичний аналіз загальнодоступних баз даних щодо експресії генів. Результати: виявлено, що сигнальний шлях JAK-STAT5 переважно інактивований в клітинах ХЛЛ. Незважаючи на підвищену експресію генів STAT2 та STAT5 на рівні мРНК у клітинах ХЛЛ експресія генів, які трансактивуються STAT5, таких як BCL2L1 (BCL-XL), CCND2 (циклін D2), HIF1A, ID1, MCL1 та MYC, знижена порівняно з цим показником у В-клітинах периферичної крові здорових донорів. Висновки: інактивація шляху JAK-STAT5 може бути пояснена високим рівнем розчинного IL-2RA, як було показано раніше. Також є можливим інгібування фосфорилювання протеїну STAT5, що робить неможливим утворення гетеродимерів білків, які є транскрипційно активними. Стан фосфорилювання білків STAT у клітинах ХЛЛ потребує додаткового вивчення

Erosion yields of carbon under various plasma conditions in Pilot-PSI

Fine-grain graphite targets have been exposed to ITER divertor relevant plasmas in Pilot-PSI to address material migration issues in fusion devices. Optical emission spectroscopy and mass loss measurements have been employed to quantify gross chemical erosion and net erosion yields, respectively. Effects of the ion impact energy and target geometry on carbon erosion yields have been studied. It is concluded that temporal evolution of gross chemical erosion is strongly connected with changes in morphology of plasma exposed surfaces. The net carbon erosion yield is increased when the targets are partly covered by insulating boron-nitride rings.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, Contribution to the 19th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interaction

IMMUNOSUPPRESSION AS A COMPONENT OF MULTIPLE ORGAN DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME FOLLOWING CARDIAC SURGERY

Aim. To defne the role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the development of persistent multiple organ dysfunction followed cardiac surgeries with cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods. 40 patients who have undergone cardiac surgery were included in the study. Granulocyte myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSC) were defned as cells with the HLA-DR– / CD11β+ / CD15+ / CD33+ phenotype, and monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) as cells with the HLA-DR– / CD11β+ / CD14+ / CD33+ phenotype using flow cytometry. Levels of cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 were measured with an enzyme immunoassay. All patients were assigned to three groups: Group 1 – patients with the uncomplicated postoperative period (n = 14), Group 2 – patients with non-persistent MODS and its early resolution (n = 16), and Group 3 – patients with persistent MODS at day 7.Results. We observed an increase in M-MDSCs and G-MDSC at day 1 following cardiac surgery. The most pronounced increase was found in monocytic-myeloid derived suppressor cells, i.e. an 8-fold increase in M-MDSCs in all study groups at day 1 after surgery. The number of M-MDSCs remained high in patients with persistent MODS at day 7 after cardiac surgery. Levels of IL-6 and IL-10 increased at day 1 after surgery. IL-6 reached its peak level, signifcantly exceeding baseline levels. By day 7, blood levels of all cytokines have decreased, except IL-10 levels, which remained above the baseline in patients with persistent MODS.Conclusion. An increase in M-MDSCs and elevated serum levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 have been found in patients regardless of the presence or absence of the complications in the early postoperative period after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Persistent MODS with the SOFA scoring > 5 scores at day 7 after cardiac surgery, is associated with an increase in M-MDSCs and elevated levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, related to higher rate of hospital infections, prolonged intensive care unit stay and higher mortality.Aim. To defne the role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the development of persistent multiple organ dysfunction followed cardiac surgeries with cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods. 40 patients who have undergone cardiac surgery were included in the study. Granulocyte myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSC) were defned as cells with the HLA-DR– / CD11β+ / CD15+ / CD33+ phenotype, and monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) as cells with the HLA-DR– / CD11β+ / CD14+ / CD33+ phenotype using flow cytometry. Levels of cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 were measured with an enzyme immunoassay. All patients were assigned to three groups: Group 1 – patients with the uncomplicated postoperative period (n = 14), Group 2 – patients with non-persistent MODS and its early resolution (n = 16), and Group 3 – patients with persistent MODS at day 7.Results. We observed an increase in M-MDSCs and G-MDSC at day 1 following cardiac surgery. The most pronounced increase was found in monocytic-myeloid derived suppressor cells, i.e. an 8-fold increase in M-MDSCs in all study groups at day 1 after surgery. The number of M-MDSCs remained high in patients with persistent MODS at day 7 after cardiac surgery. Levels of IL-6 and IL-10 increased at day 1 after surgery. IL-6 reached its peak level, signifcantly exceeding baseline levels. By day 7, blood levels of all cytokines have decreased, except IL-10 levels, which remained above the baseline in patients with persistent MODS.Conclusion. An increase in M-MDSCs and elevated serum levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 have been found in patients regardless of the presence or absence of the complications in the early postoperative period after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Persistent MODS with the SOFA scoring > 5 scores at day 7 after cardiac surgery, is associated with an increase in M-MDSCs and elevated levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, related to higher rate of hospital infections, prolonged intensive care unit stay and higher mortality

Pedagogical conditions of interethnic relations correction in educational environment

© 2016 Shibankova et al.The research urgency is conditioned by the strengthening of the role of educational institutions in the process of interaction between representatives of different cultures and religions, by the creation of favorable socio-psychological climate. Within the study of the educational environment, the authors identify its properties, conditioning the warning of students to be involved in radical and extremist activities. The authors conducted a sociological study of the level of students’ ethnic tolerance (Kazan, Russia). The results of the study identify the need for correction of inter-ethnic relations that reduce their tension. The authors developed four levels of pedagogical conditions for correction of interethnic relations in educational environment (conceptual, contextual, technological, cadre). The paper is intended for researchers, teachers, psychologists, sociologists, dealing with the problems of preventive measures against ideology of extremism and for security in an educational environment

Gas Lighting as a Form of Psychological Violence

В данной статье рассматривается проблема газлайтинга как особой формы психологического насилия. Дано определение понятия «газлайтинг», охарактеризованы этапы, которые проходит жертва под влиянием манипулятора, выделяются и описываются наиболее распространенные стратегий газлайтинга.This article deals with the problem of gaslighting as a special form of psychological abuse. The concept of "gaslighting" is defined, the stages that the victim goes through under the influence of the manipulator are characterized, the most common gaslighting strategies are singled out and described

Efficiency of specific biopreparations in organic waste management

Background: Biological approach is becoming more popular in the protection of the environment by organic waste of agricultural holdings due to economic efficiency and absence of additional damage to the ecosystem. Microorganisms of biopreparations possess significant fermentative properties and high antagonistic activity against of many pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria and toxigenic filamentous fungi. In our study we have isolated millions of coliform bacteria and Enterococci, thousands of Salmonella, Proteus and Staphylococci in 1 g of initial substrate. After the usage of biopreparations the quantity of coliform bacteria and Enterococci was less than 10 cells/g, and no Salmonella, Staphylococcus or Proteus were found. Application of the biopreparations has prevented the loss of nutrients. Therefore, nitrogen content was higher by 50-60% than in the control. The quantity of nitrifying, ammonifying and cellulose-fermenting microorganisms increased by 15.9%, 6.6% and 15.4%, respectively. Productivity of grain and vegetable crops increased by 10-20%. An important advantage of the biopreparations usage, that also we found, is the elimination of specific odor within a couple days due to the ability of their microorganisms to assimilate nitrogen from urea and neutralize the substrate against the bacteria causing putrefaction, anaerobic processes and the emission of ammonia and hydrogen sulphide. Conclusion: The application of developed new biopreparations will allow producing high-quality environmentally friendly agricultural products

Образовательная коллаборация библиотек России: возможности и перспективы

Collaboration is one of the most efficient forms of cooperation within the system of continuing library and information education. The study is based on general scientific methods, including that of institutional analysis. The study subject is collaboration as an instrument of interaction and joint efforts, wшер the results to be actualized through exchange of knowledge, experience and skills in a specific educational ecosystem. The study object is collaboration within the system of continuing library professional education. With resource, organizational and process approaches, the essence of the concept of "collaboration" is identified; the focus is made on its special institutional structure and role in efficient interaction between the subjects of knowledge economy. The essence of the definition of "educational collaboration" is revealed, taking into account the inherent features and various individual approaches to its interpretation. The experience in building the  collaboration of library continuing education providers, i.e. "LENINKA" Corporate University of the Russian State Library and Department of Continuing Professional Education of the State Public Scientific and Technological Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences Siberian Branch, is analyzed (20192020). The special role of collaboration in providing continuing professional education to Russian library specialists is emphasized. It is demonstrated that collaboration in education facilitates co-organization of professional communities, render their activities more efficient and highly demanded within the digital economy and knowledge society.Проанализирована коллаборация как одна из эффективных форм сотрудничества в системе дополнительного профессионального образования библиотечно-информационной сферы. Исследование базируется на общенаучных методах, включая методы институционального анализа. Предмет исследования – коллаборация как инструмент взаимодействия и совместной деятельности, в результате которой происходит обменом знаниями, опытом и умениями в конкретной образовательной экосистеме. Объект исследования – коллаборации в системе дополнительного профессионального образования библиотечных кадров. На основе ресурсного, организационного и процессного подходов определена сущность понятия коллаборация. Сделан акцент на её особой институциональной структуре и способности эффективно развивать взаимодействие между субъектами экономики знаний. Выявлена сущность дефиниции образовательная коллабарация с учётом неотъемлемых признаков и различных авторских подходов к трактовке. Представлен опыт работы Корпоративного университета «ЛЕНИНКА» Российской государственной библиотеки и отдела непрерывного профессионального образования ГПНТБ СО РАН в 2019‒2020 гг. по созданию коллаборации организаторов дополнительного профессионального образования библиотечных кадров. Подчёркнута особая роль коллаборации в дополнительном профессиональном образовании. Отмечено: образовательная коллаборация активизирует соорганизацию профессиональных сообществ. Их деятельность становится более эффективной и востребованной