Erosion yields of carbon under various plasma conditions in Pilot-PSI

Fine-grain graphite targets have been exposed to ITER divertor relevant plasmas in Pilot-PSI to address material migration issues in fusion devices. Optical emission spectroscopy and mass loss measurements have been employed to quantify gross chemical erosion and net erosion yields, respectively. Effects of the ion impact energy and target geometry on carbon erosion yields have been studied. It is concluded that temporal evolution of gross chemical erosion is strongly connected with changes in morphology of plasma exposed surfaces. The net carbon erosion yield is increased when the targets are partly covered by insulating boron-nitride rings.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, Contribution to the 19th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interaction

ASSESSMENT OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITION OF VARIOUS LEVELS OF MENTAL HEALTH IN PERSONS OF HAZARDOUS OCCUPATION

At Hie present time, studying psychophysiological condition of levels of mental adaptation by means of objective indices is especially actual. Therefore, the identification and assessment of the indices characterizing the functional condition of an organism will allow the expert to decide on the level of mental adaptation. We examined 75 respondents which were divided into groups in correspondence with V.Y. Semke's concept. Primary diagnostic measures included clinical and psychological methods, the assessment of the functional condition of nervous system, short record of variability of cardiac rhythm. Features of psychophysiological condition of processes of regulation and functioning of ground levels of mental health in persons of hazardous occupation are studied. /Is a result of the conducted research, we revealed the reliable changes in the psychoadaptation and psychodisadaptation state in vegetative system of supporting of the processes of regulation of an organism in group (p < 0,05) (according to the indices of spectral analysis of cardiac rhythm and variation ofpulsometry according to R.M. Bayevsky). The tension index increased from 45,92 ± 31,81 to 347,94 ± 434,01 (p < 0,05). Reliable negative dynamics of change of clinical, psychological and psychophysiological indexes is shown upon transition from the first to the third level of mental health (p < 0,05)

Genetic engineering of cotton: current status and perspectives

Currently, several species of the genus Gossypium are cultivated in agriculture to produce fiber. Cotton has been cultivated for a long time, however, many aspects of its cultivation and processing are still researched. Writing about the cultivation of cotton, it is worth mentioning the fundamental problems of its processing. For example, the amounts of pesticides used in the cultivation of cotton are greater than for any other crop. Chemicals sprayed on cotton fields are washed away from the fields and, reaching the fresh water sources, pollute them, causing significant damage to the environment. Fortunately, such challenges can be solved by switching to the cultivation of transgenic cotton. Transgenic cotton has already brought many important environmental, social and economic benefits, including reduce of the used pesticides, indirectly increasing of yield, minimizing environmental pollution, reducing the labor force involved and economic costs.Today, the main methods of obtaining transgenic cotton lines are still agrobacterial transformation and biolistics. In recent years, however, innovative methods of transformation have also been developed. For example, the introduction of genetic material mediated by a pollen tube for the cultivation of commercial transgenic cotton is actively used in China. Although in recent decades transgenic lines resistant to diseases, abiotic stresses and with improved fiber quality have been obtained, the dominant position in the market of transgenic cotton is still occupied by lines of plants resistant to insects and herbicides. All the above indicates an insufficient degree of integration between institutes that introduce new advanced developments and agricultural industry.In this review the results of research involving the cultivation and genetic modification of cotton were collected and summarized. The main methods of genetic transformation of cultivated representatives of the genus Gossypium, both actively used at present and still under development, were considered. The most remarkable transgenic lines were also described, among which both those that have already entered agricultural industry and those that have only recently been obtained. Thus, the reader will be able to get a general idea of the current achievements in the field of cotton genetic modification

Prospects for the Development of Online Learning in Higher Education in the Russian Federation

Статья посвящена анализу системы отечественного образования. Целью работы стало изучение текущего уровня высшего образования — его обеспеченности оборудованием, достаточностью педагогического состава и т. д. В ходе работы применялся метод анализа официальных данных. В статье приводится статистика как по динамике численности учебных организаций, так и по численности профессорско-преподавательского состава и учащихся. Дана оценка процессов реформирования системы высшего образования в России, которая заключается в недостаточности финансирования. В заключении приводятся обоснованные предложения по реформированию системы управления российским образованием, чем и обоснована актуальность и новизна работы.The article is devoted to the analysis of the system of national education. The aim of the work was to study the current level of higher education — its provision with equipment, the adequacy of the teaching staff, and so on. In the course of the work, the method of analysis of official data was used. The article provides statistics on both the dynamics of the number of educational organizations and the number of faculty and students. An assessment is given of the processes of reforming the system of higher education in Russia, which lies in the lack of funding. In conclusion, substantiated proposals are given for reforming the management system of Russian education, which justifies the relevance and novelty of the work

Cell Structures in Heterologous Anti-Rabies Immunoglobulin Production

This paper reviews basic modern trends in obtainment of anti-rabies immunoglobulin with enhanced properties. One of these trends is associated with the substitution of organ-tissue antigen by cultural antigen at the stage of producer immunization. Analyzed are the results of research connected with the use of the cell-cultures grown Rabies virus in production of heterologous anti-rabies immunoglobulin. The study testifies of applicability of the transferred Vero cell culture as a substrate for rabies antigen preparation. In addition to this, specified are the advantages of the rabies cultural antigen usage over the organ-tissue one at the stage of hyper-immune serum production

Cytokine concentration and profile of lipid peroxidation in synovial fluids of patients with osteoarthritis and concomitant defects of articular surfaces

The objective of the study was to evaluate cytokine concentration and profile of lipid peroxidation in synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis and concomitant defects of articular surfaces. Material and methods Synovial fluid samples were taken from 102 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joint. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis of a post-traumatic etiology, and somatic diseases that could affect results of the study were excluded from the study. Thirty control samples originated from deceased donors of both genders. Synovial fluid was extracted in compliance with Ministry of Health Order No. 694 dtd July 21, 1978, p. 2.24 "Guidelines of forensic medical examination in the USSR". Results Findings of laboratory studies showed statistically significant differences in synovial fluid cytokine levels depending on absence or presence of defects on the tibial condyles. Biochemical tests revealed greater changes in lipid peroxidation in patients with articular defects. Total level of lipid peroxidation products resulting in the formation of conjugated dienes (CD), malondialdehyde (MDA) was shown to increase in both groups of patients being significantly higher in patients with defects on articular surfaces. Primary (conjugated dienes) and secondary (malondialdehyde) lipid peroxidation products accumulated in the synovial fluid of the patients with the levels being significantly increased in both groups with no changes in the CD/MDA ratio. Patients with defects on articular surfaces demonstrated increased formation of primary products, and non-defect group showed greater formation of secondary products. Antioxidant enzyme, catalase, appeared to me more active in patients of Group I. Conclusion The findings can be used to evaluate defects on articular surface and identify strategies of medication therapy

Features of molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance pathogenesis in various tissues in obesity

Obesity is a chronic pathology, which experts of theWorld Health Organization regard as an epidemic, based on the high rates of annual growth in the proportion of the overweight population in almost all countries of the world. Obesity is the leading cause of tissue insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This disease is fraught with serious complications: the onset and aggravation of cardiovascular pathology, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the appearance of certain types of malignant neoplasms and dysfunctions of the reproductive system. Adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver play unique roles in maintaining metabolic homeostasis of the whole organism. These differences are due to the tissue-specificity of the intracellular signaling  pathways of insulin. This review presents the current literature data on the features of the molecular mechanisms responsible for disturbances in the conduction of regulatory insulin signals at the intracellular level in its main target organs in obesity. The data on the nature of disturbances  in interorgan metabolic flows caused by the growth of adipose tissue mass and their participation in the formation of insulin resistance in the liver and muscles are presented. The importance of  further in-depth study of the tissue features of the mechanisms of insulin resistance pathogenesis  for the development of new targeted pharmaceuticals that will serve to improve the complex drug correction of metabolic disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes is discussed