The circular economy model and the role of solvates in regional innovative development (the case of Russian regions)

Relevance. Recent practice has convincingly tested the fact that the transition to a circular economy is an important goal for society and individual companies, especially in resource-intensive manufacturing industries.Research objective. The purpose of the study is to develop a theoretical and methodological basis for the creation of innovative solvates in regional industry, based on the concept of circular economy. Data and methods. The research methodology is represented by the convergence of system-synergetic, resource-efficient and cluster approaches, which makes it possible to identify regions where integrating industrial enterprises and related fields of activity form conditions and produce values in the concept of the circular economy.Results. The theoretical and methodological basis for the creation of new structures for the innovative development of regional industry on the platform of circularity, principles of inclusiveness, resilience and environmental friendliness has been formed; a new concept - innovative solvates has been introduced into scientific circulation. Based on the cluster analysis, the zones of localization of innovative solvates in the regions of Russia were identified. This made it possible to single out a cluster group with a high scientific and innovative potential, as well as a cluster of regions with the potential to localize innovative solvates, which included regions of industrial and resource specialization.Conclusions. The article presents the directions of solving the problem of achieving the conditions imposed by the circular economy in the innovative solvates of the industrial sector of the region. The study is motivated by several considerations. The first is the formation of an integral conceptual and terminological apparatus, theoretical and methodological basis of research. The second is the establishment of partnerships necessary for the implementation of circularity conditions in an innovative solvate, and the analysis of ways in which a solvate can switch to a circular economy

Program-modular approach to the coordination of interests of participants of regional water markets (the case of southern regions of Russia)

Relevance. The efficiency of water management is determined by the quality of managerial decision-making. These decisions should ensure the balance of interests of all the actors in regional water markets. At present, in Russia, however, the balance of interests is considered only in macro-level strategies, which leads to the inefficiency of water distribution in regions. The study of the issues of rational distribution of water resources and their use in various industries and spheres of activity is, therefore, particularly relevant.Research objective. This article aims to propose methodology for maintaining the optimal balance between the interests of economic actors in regional water markets.Data and methods. This article proposes a program-modular approach to building a more efficient water management system. It is shown how the proposed methodology based on the incremental model of management can be used for balancing the interests of economic agents (suppliers and consumers of water resources). Results. It is proved that the plurality and divergence of interests of economic agents makes it difficult to manage them and thus precludes social and economic development of territories. The structural-functional analysis of the incremental model reveals various types of connections between the water-retaining capacity of gross regional product and indexes of industrial production for regions of the South Federal District.Conclusions. The prospects of development of water management in regions are associated with ensuring the balance of interests of the water market’s participants. The program-modular approach proposed by the authors combines the administrative and resource potential of regional water management and aligns the goals on the regional level with the more general goals of hydropower modernization. The novelty of our research is that it relies on the incremental model, which, unlike other models of management, leads to an incremental achievement of the desired through certain iterations

Understanding of Active and Passive Constructions in 7- to 10-Year-Old Russian-Speaking Children: Reliance on Inflections or Word Order

Background. The background of the present study includes analysis of the understanding of active and passive grammatical constructions (GCs) in Russianspeaking aphasic patients and in children aged 3, 4 and 5 years (Akhutina, 1989; Akhutina, Velichkovskiy, & Kempe, 1988). Data regarding the reorganization of the children’s strategies are further compared to GC understanding in children speaking different languages, and their interpretations. Objective. To analyze the variable mechanisms of understanding of reversible GCs in primary-school-age children, namely, to reveal individual differences in reliance on word order or case endings. Design. Ninety-three first-graders, 93 second-graders, and 63 third-graders underwent a neuropsychological assessment and computer-based sentence-topicture test of their understanding of reversible GCs of active/passive voice with direct/reverse word order. The “productivity” of understanding GCs (percent of correct responses) was analyzed through cluster analysis. Results. The cluster analysis divided the children into four clusters. Cluster 1 consisted of eight children with low productivity, who were excluded from further analysis. Cluster 2 was characterized by low productivity in passive direct constructions (Group 1); Cluster 3 comprised children who had low productivity in passive reverse sentences (Group 2). Cluster 4 included children with good understanding of all GCs (Group 3). Between-group differences in productivity and time of correct responses in GCs, as well as neuropsychological indexes, were revealed. Conclusion. The results are consistent with the following hypotheses: (a) Group 1 relies on the rule “The first noun is the agent”, whereas the other two groups use morphological marking; (b) Group 1 is the weakest neuropsychologically, and syntactic understanding processes involve a more diffuse activation of the brain in this group, compared to more successful children; (c) changes in response times from the first to the second grade are under the influence of cerebral changes induced by reading acquisition

Markers for the Prediction of Probably Sarcopenia in Middle-Aged Individuals

Sarcopenia is a condition that is characterized by a progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and function, resulting in reduced quality of life. The aim of the study was to analyze the significance of pro-inflammatory markers in the prognostic diagnosis of sarcopenia. The participants were divided into two groups: the main group of 146 people and the control—75 people. The complex of examinations included neuropsychological testing (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), quality-of-life questionnaire for patients with sarcopenia (SarQoL), and short health assessment form (MOS SF-36)), a 6 m walking speed test, manual dynamometry, bioimpedancemetry, and metabolic markers (nitrates, fibroblast growth factor 21, and malondialdehyde). When analyzing metabolic markers in the main group, a twofold increase in nitrates in the main group was recorded in a subsequent analysis adjusted for multiple variables, there was a negative association between the nitrate levels for weak grip strength and appendicular muscle mass. An additional analysis revealed that the complaint of pain in the lower extremities was more frequent in patients of the main group, as well as constipation and the pathology of thyroid gland, and they were more frequently diagnosed with arterial hypertension. At the same time, patients from the main group more frequently took vitamin D. When conducting body composition, the main group recorded a higher weight visceral fat content, as well as a decrease in appendicular and skeletal muscle mass; these changes were accompanied by a decrease in protein and minerals. Among the markers that differed significantly were nitrates, and it was this that was associated with decreased muscle strength and appendicular mass, which may indicate both a possible mechanism and a possible predictive marker. The results of this study can be used to develop a screening method for diagnosing sarcopenia at the outpatient stage

Течение гомозиготной метгемоглобинемии у девочки двух лет

Background. Methemoglobinemia is a group of diseases caused by various factors where methemoglobin (MetHb) content in the blood increases above the physiological norm.Clinical case description. Clinical case of methemoglobinemia that was an incidental finding in two-year-old girl who was in the clinic due to the head injury is presented. Our examinations have revealed zero activity of cytochrome-b5-reductase enzyme. This fact indicates homozygous mutation. The cyanosis and hypoxia were relieved by ascorbic acid courses (250 mg/day).Conclusion. Increased alertness regarding long-term isolated cyanosis should be presented when excluding its most common causes. Timely management could prevent severe complications development. Обоснование. Метгемоглобинемии — группа заболеваний, обусловленных различными факторами, при которых увеличивается содержание метгемоглобина (MetHb) в крови свыше физиологической нормы.Описание клинического случая. Представлен клинический случай девочки двух лет, у которой метгемоглобинемия оказалась случайной находкой при обращении по поводу травмы головы. В результате исследований установлен нулевой уровень активности фермента цитохром-b5-редуктазы, что свидетельствует о гомозиготном состоянии гена. Состояние цианоза и гипоксии купировано приемом аскорбиновой кислоты курсами 250 мг/сут.Заключение. Следует проявлять повышенную настороженность в отношении длительного изолированного цианоза при исключении наиболее распространенных причин его развития. При своевременно начатом лечении можно предотвратить развитие тяжелых осложнений.

Adipokine-cytokine profile of adipocytes of epicardial adipose tissue in ischemic heart disease complicated by visceral obesity

Introduction. To date, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the main cause of disability and mortality in population. The majority of ectopic fat deposits demonstrated a reliable association with cardiometabolic risks and clinical manifestations of most CVD. The elucidation of the metabolic features of adipocytes of epicardial adipose tissue localized in the immediate vicinity of the lesion in ischemic heart disease (IHD) can have both theoretical and practical significance for pathophysiology and cardiology. Aim. To study the adipokine-cytokine profile of epicardial adipocytes (EA) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT), blood serum in relation to the area of visceral adipose tissue (AVAT), biochemical and rhelinic characteristics of IHD patients. Methods. 84 patients (70 men and 14 women) with IHD were examined. In the presence of visceral obesity (VO), patients were divided into two groups. In patients with VO, adipocyte EA and SCAT were sampled, followed by cultivation and evaluation of adipokine and proinflammatory activity. The parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, adipokine and proinflammatory status in blood serum were determined. Results. It has been established that the adipokine-cytokine profile of the adipocytes EA and SCAT differ. Adipocytes of EA in IHD on the background of VO are characterized by an increase in IL-1, TNF-α, leptin-adiponectin ratio and a decrease in the protective factors: adiponectin and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. While adipocytes of SCAT were characterized by a decrease in the concentration of the soluble receptor to leptin and a more pronounced leptin resistance, and the increase in inflammatory cytokines was compensated by an increase in the concentration of IL-10, the presence of VO was associated with multivessel coronary disease, multifocal atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, adipokine imbalance, and markers of inflammation. Thus, the value of the area of VO determined higher values of leptin concentration, TNF-α in adipocytes and serum, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and a lower soluble receptor for leptin content. The conclusion. Thus, in IHD with VO the state of adipocytes, EA is characterized as "metabolic inflammation" and may indicate the direct involvement of adipocytes in the pathogenesis of IHD due to the formation of adipokine imbalance and the activation of proinflammatory reactions