Factors affecting access to health care facilities in a rural Community: The case of Bali-Nyonga Sub-Division, Cameroun

Adequate and equitable distribution of health care facilities in rural areas is critical to human capital development. The study determines distance as a factor influencing utilization of health facilities in Bali-Nyonga. The main objective of the research is to evaluate the socio-economic effect of distance to health care in Bali-Nyonga. Data for this were gathered through field observation, face to face interview and questionnaires. Data from secondary sources included publish and unpublished material which was presented in form of related literature review. The data were analyzed using descriptive measures and presented in the form of tables, chart, percentages and graphs. In Bali-Nyonga, where the condition of roads is very poor, distance from the nearest health facility emerges as the most important factor influencing utilization. The vulnerable groups of women, the age, sickly, the illiterate and the poor were not found to be more strongly affected by distance decay. The policy implication arising from this study suggest that distance to improve health care needs to be reduce to enhance accessibility and to improved health service by various socio-economic groups in the area. It was recommended to strengthen the efforts to improve accessibilities of health care facilities in the rural areas by increasing the number of health facilities, transport and sensitization of the rural indigenes

Form of filters of semisimple modules and direct sums

Some collections of submodules of a module defined by certain conditions are studied. A generalization of the notion of radical (preradical) filter is considered. We study the form of filters of semisimple modules and direct sums

Preradicals and submodules

Some collections of submodules of a module defined by certain conditions are studied

Effect of Ethephon Stimulation on Downward Tapping in Latex Production Metabolism on Upward Tapping in PB 217 Clone of Hevea Brasiliensis

In Hevea brasiliensis, Ethephon is used as an exogenous stimulant of latex production. In downward tapping, it has been shown that its misuse has negative consequences on the metabolism of the latex cells of the tree. However, little is known about the impact of this downward tapping practice on latex-producing metabolism in upward tapping. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of stimulation in downward tapping on the latex-producing metabolism in clones PB 217, when the trees are subsequently tapped up. Study was carried out by monitoring the evolution of biochemical parameters of latex and rubber production. From this study, it was found during the last two years of downward tapping that in PB 217 clone, the optimal metabolism of latex production was obtained with 13 Ethephon stimulations per year. When subsequent tapping is done upward, the stimulation frequencies of the trees greater than 4 times per year in downward tapping have a negative impact on the latex-producing metabolism in PB 217 clone of Hevea brasiliensis. However, in cumulative production over the 10 years of downward tapping added to the 2 years of upward tapping, it is the frequency of 13 stimulations per year in downward tapping which is the highest

On differential preradicals

Differential preradicals and differential preradical filters are considered. Differentially closed fields are investigated

Rapid dung removal by beetles suggests higher duiker densities in Central African rainforests

For many mammal species, converting dung density into population density requires accurate estimates of defaecation rate and dung survival time. The latter parameter probably varies seasonally. In Nki National Park, south-east Cameroon, we monitored 216 dung piles of the blue duiker Philantomba monticola and 373 of the red duiker group (Cephalophus spp.), major game animals in Central Africa, and estimated dung survival time across seasons. Mean survival time was 6.83 days in the major dry season and 1.21–1.81 in other seasons for the blue duiker, and 7.37 and 1.53–4.05 for red duikers, lower than the values conventionally used for density estimations in Central Africa (i.e. 18 days for the blue duiker and 21 days for red duikers). Overall, beetles removed half of the dung within 1 day of deposition. However, the proportion of dung piles that beetles removed was significantly lower in the major dry season, and other dung piles remained longer until they disappeared as a result of other factors. As shorter dung survival time results in higher estimates of population density, our findings imply that in forests with intense beetle activity, duiker densities are higher than those based on the conventional values of dung survival time. Duiker densities and dung survival time should be estimated simultaneously. To minimize the bias introduced by rapid removal of fresh dung by beetles, only fresh dung (< 3 hours old) should be monitored when estimating mean dung survival time

Short Physical Performance Battery and Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Index in the Exploration of Frailty Among Older People in Cameroon

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) index.Methods: We present data from a cross-sectional survey conducted in Cameroon. Frailty was defined as an SOF index &gt; 0. The sensitivity and specificity of the SPPB were investigated. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to assess the contribution of each subtest of the SPPB to the relationship with the SOF.Results: Among 403 people included (49.6% women), average age of 67.1 (±6.2) years, 35.7% were frail according to the SOF. After determining the best SPPB threshold for diagnosing frailty (threshold = 9, Se = 88.9%, Sp = 74.9%), 47.9% were frail according to the SPPB. The first dimension of PCA explained 55.8% of the variability in the data. Among the subtests of the SPPB, the chair stand test item was the component most associated with the SOF index.Conclusion: Despite the overlap between the SOF and the SPPB, our results suggest that a negative result on the five chair-stands test alone would be sufficient to suspect physical frailty

BMC Geriatr

Background In 2015 in France, 585,560 people were nursing home residents. A large body of studies has identified predictors of poor quality of life and poor adaptation in institution, mostly for residents without dementia. With 42 to 72% of these residents diagnosed with dementia, it is crucial to identify what factors prior to admission might have an impact on quality of life once the admission is finalized, in order to target specific domains of intervention, while the person still lives at home and after his/her admission. Methods QOL-EHPAD is a prospective, multi-centred, observational cohort study. At baseline, we will collect retrospective data on the life of 150 persons with dementia and their caregivers. These data will refer to the conditions of admission to a nursing home (emergency admission, involvement in the decision, admission from home or from the hospital) and to the 6 months prior to the admission of the person with dementia: sociodemographic and medical data, psychological tests, information on quality of life, satisfaction, behaviour, and nutrition. Similar data about life in the nursing home will be collected after 6 months, along with information on adaptation of the person with dementia to his/her new living environment. We will use univariate regression analyses followed by stepwise linear regression models to identify which factors pertaining to life at home are associated with quality of life and adaptation after 6 months. Discussion This study will provide data on the impact of institutionalization on quality of life and the determinants of a successful institutionalization in people with dementia. This could be helpful in setting up targeted interventions to prepare admission into a nursing home before the actual admission and to accompany both the caregiver and the person with dementia throughout this process