Improved method for cladding the inside of metal tubes

Creep characteristics of molybdenum at high temperature and stress are utilized to compress tungsten foil liner against inner surface of tantalum alloy cylinder to form bond at interface. Temperature and pressure can be accurately controlled and size of workpiece is limited only by furnace size

Statistical analysis of high-temperature creep-rate data for alloys of tantalum, molybdenum, and columbium

Creep rate equations for refractory metal alloys of tantalum molybdenum, and columbiu

Learning Style Diversity in Post –Secondary Distance Education

During the fall semester of 2005, 153 university graduate students’ preferred learning styles were measured with the Kolb Learning Style Inventory, online version 3.1. The primary findings of the study indicated all of the learning styles and processes described by Kolb were represented in the distance learning population and suggested distance and residential learners uniquely engage the learning process. Biblical references were discussed with respect to the uniqueness displayed by study participants

Using Generic Picture Cues to Promote Verbal Initiations During Play

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often demonstrate difficulty communicating with others, and this may impact the extent to which they can engage in language during play. Previous researchers have used interventions to increase commenting during play with caregivers, siblings, and adult play partners. In these previous studies, researchers have taught participants to use text-based or audio recorded scripted phrases to facilitate communication. However, because these interventions include multiple components such as physical guidance and verbal reminders from another individual in addition to the textual or auditory scripted phrase, it is unclear the extent to which the specific words associated with the scripted phrases are necessary to evoke responding. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an intervention using generic picture cues on the number of play-based statements for children with ASD. We also examined the extent to which participants engaged in play statements when the cues were attached to novel toy sets and provided an analysis of the types of play statements participants emitted. Three participants engaged in more play-based communication in the training condition as compared to the baseline and no cue conditions. Further, two out of three participants continued to engaged in play-based communication when we introduced novel toy sets. We also found that all participants emitted a variety of different play statements. Potential limitations and future research related to using generic picture cues to promote communication during play for children with ASD are discussed

On-Task Behavior for Students in a Resource Classroom Setting: Effects of Activity Schedules on On-Task Behavior

Students who receive special education services in resource classroom settings often engage in low levels of on-task behavior during independent work time. Given the independent work demands in middle school classrooms, it is crucial for students who receive services in a resource classroom to engage in high levels of on-task behavior. The researchers examined the effects of activity schedules on on-task behavior, on-schedule behavior, and percentage of work problems correct in four middle school students receiving special education services in a resource math classroom. Results of the study demonstrate that on-task and on-schedule behavior increased for all participants following the implementation of the activity schedule in both math and language arts classroom settings. Both students and teachers indicated that they liked the intervention and the activity schedule improved on-task behavior. Results of this study extend the use of activity schedules to a novel setting and participant population

Heat-transfer and pressure drop correlations for hydrogen and nitrogen flowing through tungsten wire mesh at temperatures to 5200 deg r

Heat transfer and friction pressure drop for forced convection of hydrogen and nitrogen through electrically heated tungsten wire mes

A 4500 deg R /2500 deg K/ flowing-gas facility

High temperature flowing gas heater consisting of four stages for heating gase

Debris cover and surface melt at a temperate maritime alpine glacier: Franz Josef Glacier, New Zealand

Melt rates on glaciers are strongly influenced by the presence of supraglacial debris, which can either enhance or reduce ablation relative to bare ice. Most recently, Franz Josef Glacier has entered into a phase of strong retreat and downwasting, with the increasing emergence of debris on the surface in the ablation zone. Previously at Franz Josef Glacier, melt has only been measured on bare ice. During February 2012, a network of 11 ablation stakes was drilled into locations of varying supraglacial debris thickness on the lower glacier. Mean ablation rates over 9 days varied over the range 1.2–10.1 cm d−1, and were closely related to debris thickness. Concomitant observations of air temperature allowed the application of a degree-day approach to the calculation of melt rates, with air temperature providing a strong indicator of melt. Degree-day factors (d f) varied over the range 1.1–8.1 mm d−1 °C−1 (mean of 4.4 mm d−1 °C−1), comparable with rates reported in other studies. Mapping of the current debris cover revealed 0.7 km2 of the 4.9 km2 ablation zone surface was debris-covered, with thicknesses ranging 1–50 cm. Based on measured debris thicknesses and d f, ablation on debris-covered areas of the glacier is reduced by a total of 41% which equates to a 6% reduction in melt overall across the entire ablation zone. This study highlights the usefulness of a short-term survey to gather representative ablation data, consistent with numerous overseas ablation studies on debris-covered glaciers

Modeling Slope in a Geographic Information System

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) offer a cost-effective way to analyze and inventory land and environmental resources. There are many attributes that can be displayed and analyzed in GIS. One of these attributes is slope, which can be calculated from a digital elevation model (DEM). Slope is an important factor in a variety of models used in land analysis as well as land use and management. There are several different mathematical computational algorithms used to calculate slope within a GIS. Eight different slope calculation methods were investigated in this study. These methods were used to calculate slope using 10-m, 30-m, and 100-m DEMs. There were two phases of analysis in this study. The first phase was a cell-by-cell comparison of the eight slope algorithms for all three DEMs to obtain an understanding of differences between the calculated slope methods. The second phase was to determine the method that calculated the most accurate slope from a 10- m, 30-m, and 100-m DEM, by comparing calculated slope to actual slope value. All methods underestimated slope for the 100-m DEM with a mean slope difference ranging from 9.28% to 11.085%. For the 30-meter DEMs all the slope methods underestimated slope, with a mean slope difference range from 0.21% to 4.18%. The 10-meter DEM mean slope difference ranged from -2.63% to 1.82% for the cell slope methods. For all methods, steeper slopes, greater than approximately 40%, were underestimated when slope was calculated from a DEM