Sediment potentials for selected ecological land units in central Oregon

During the summers of 1975 and 1976 a sedimentation study was conducted in the Bear Creek watershed, located in the southeastern corner of Crook County, in central Oregon. The Rocky Mountain infiltrometer was used to simulate high intensity rainfall over 468 sedimentation plots. Rainfall and runoff were measured and a sample of the runoff was collected to determine sediment potentials. The Bear Creek watershed was divided into eight ecological land units which were further refined into 14 tentative habitat types and four unclassified communities, based on an association table developed from vegetation and soils field data. One- and two-factor analysis of variance was used to analyze the differences within habitat types, between habitat types within a unit, and when appropriate, between treatments or ecological condition within the habitat type or unit. Tractor logging in the mixed forest unit caused a significant increase in soil loss. In the non-forest units a high natural variability in sediment production within sites tended to override any differences that may have resulted from a management treatment. Significant differences that did occur appeared to be closely related to differences in soils or were confounded by other factors, such as methodology or ecologic conditions

Zfra affects TNF-mediated cell death by interacting with death domain protein TRADD and negatively regulates the activation of NF-κB, JNK1, p53 and WOX1 during stress response

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Zfra is a 31-amino-acid zinc finger-like protein, which is known to regulate cell death by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and overexpressed TNF receptor- or Fas-associated death domain proteins (TRADD and FADD). In addition, Zfra undergoes self-association and interacts with c-Jun <it>N</it>-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) in response to stress stimuli. To further delineate the functional properties of Zfra, here we investigated Zfra regulation of the activation of p53, WOX1 (WWOX or FOR), NF-κB, and JNK1 under apoptotic stress.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Transiently overexpressed Zfra caused growth suppression and apoptotic death of many but not all types of cells. Zfra either enhanced or blocked cell death caused by TRADD, FADD, or receptor-interacting protein (RIP) in a dose-related manner. This modulation is related with Zfra binding with TRADD, NF-κB, JNK1 and WOX1, as determined by GST pull-down analysis, co-immunoprecipitation, and mapping by yeast two-hybrid analysis. Functionally, transiently overexpressed Zfra sequestered NF-κB (p65), WOX1, p53 and phospho-ERK (extracellular signal-activated kinase) in the cytoplasm, and TNF or UV light could not effectively induce nuclear translocation of these proteins. Zfra counteracted the apoptotic functions of Tyr33-phosphorylated WOX1 and Ser46-phosphorylated p53. Alteration of Ser8 to Gly abolished the apoptotic function of Zfra and its regulation of WOX1 and p53.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In response to TNF, Zfra is upregulated and modulates TNF-mediated cell death via interacting with TRADD, FADD and RIP (death-inducing signaling complex) at the receptor level, and downstream effectors NF-κB, p53, WOX1, and JNK1.</p

Ecological land units of Bear Creek watershed and their relationship to water quality

During 1975 and 1976 a sedimentation study was conducted in the Bear Creek watershed, located in the southeastern corner of central Oregon's Crook County. A Rocky Mountain infiltrometer was used to simulate high intensity rainfall over 468 sedimentation plots. Rainfall and runoff were measured and a sample of the runoff was collected to determine the sediment potentials. The Bear Creek watershed was divided into eight ecological land units which were further refined into 14 tentative habitat types and four unclassified communities. These divisions are based upon an association table developed from vegetation and soil field data. One- and two-factor analysis of variance was used to analyze the differences within habitat types, between habitat types within a unit, and when appropriate, between treatments or ecological condition within the habitat type or unit. Tractor logging in the mixed forest unit caused a significant increase in soil loss. Non-forest units exhibited a high natural variability in sediment production within the site tended to override any differences that may have resulted from a management treatment. Significant differences that did occur appeared to be closely related to differences in soils or ecologic condition. Wildland watershed managerial implications are explored in the summary section.KEY WORDS : Ecological Land Units, Bear Creek Watershed, Water Quality, Sediment Potential, Runoff, Watershed Management

Human Noroviruses in Swine and Cattle

Detection of GII.4 norovirus sequences in animal fecal samples and retail meats demonstrates that noroviruses may be transmitted zoonotically

A public health response to the methamphetamine epidemic: the implementation of contingency management to treat methamphetamine dependence

BACKGROUND: In response to increases in methamphatemine-associated sexually transmitted diseases, the San Francisco Department of Public Health implemented a contingency management (CM) field program called the Positive Reinforcement Opportunity Project (PROP). METHODS: Methamphetamine-using men who have sex with men (MSM) in San Francisco qualified for PROP following expressed interest in the program, provision of an observed urine sample that tested positive for methamphetamine metabolites and self-report of recent methamphetamine use. For 12 weeks, PROP participants provided observed urine samples on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays and received vouchers of increasing value for each consecutive sample that tested negative to metabolites of methamphetamine. Vouchers were exchanged for goods and services that promoted a healthy lifestyle. No cash was provided. Primary outcomes included acceptability (number of enrollments/time), impact (clinical response to treatment and cost-effectiveness as cost per patient treated). RESULTS: Enrollment in PROP was brisk indicating its acceptability. During the first 10 months of operation, 143 men sought treatment and of these 77.6% were HIV-infected. Of those screened, 111 began CM treatment and averaged 15 (42%) methamphetamine-free urine samples out of a possible 36 samples during the 12-week treatment period; 60% completed 4 weeks of treatment; 48% 8 weeks and 30% 12 weeks. Across all participants, an average of $159 (SD =$165) in vouchers or 35.1% of the maximum possible ($453) was provided for these participants. The average cost per participant of the 143 treated was$800. CONCLUSION: Clinical responses to CM in PROP were similar to CM delivered in drug treatment programs, supporting the adaptability and effectiveness of CM to non-traditional drug treatment settings. Costs were reasonable and less than or comparable to other methamphetamine outpatient treatment programs. Further expansion of programs like PROP could address the increasing need for acceptable, feasible and cost-effective methamphetamine treatment in this group with exceptionally high rates of HIV-infection

Study of the Reactions e\u3csup\u3e+\u3c/sup\u3ee\u3csup\u3e-\u3c/sup\u3e→π\u3csup\u3e+\u3c/sup\u3eπ\u3csup\u3e-\u3c/sup\u3eπ\u3csup\u3e0\u3c/sup\u3eπ\u3csup\u3e0\u3c/sup\u3eπ\u3csup\u3e0\u3c/sup\u3e and π\u3csup\u3e+\u3c/sup\u3eπ\u3csup\u3e-\u3c/sup\u3eπ\u3csup\u3e0\u3c/sup\u3eπ\u3csup\u3e0\u3c/sup\u3eη At Center-Of-Mass Energies From Threshold to 4.35 GeV Using Initial-State Radiation

We study the processes e+e− → π+π−π0π0π0nγ in which an energetic photon is radiated from the initial state. The data are collected with the BABAR detector at SLAC. About 14 000 and 4700 events, respectively, are selected from a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 469 fb−1. The invariant mass of the hadronic final state defines the effective e+e− center-of-mass energy. From the mass spectra, the first precise measurement of the e+e− → π+π−π0π0π0 cross section and the first measurement ever of the e+e− → π+π−π0π0η cross section are performed. The center-of-mass energies range from threshold to 4.35 GeV. The systematic uncertainty is typically between 10% and 13%. The contributions from ωπ0π0, ηπ+π−, and other intermediate states are presented. We observe the J/ψ and ψ(2S) in most of these final states and measure the corresponding branching fractions, many of them for the first time

Detection of Noroviruses in Ready-To-Eat Foods by Using Carbohydrate-Coated Magnetic Beads ▿

This study used histo-blood group antigen-conjugated beads to detect norovirus (NoV) in contaminated strawberries, green onions, lettuce, and deli ham. In addition, multiple strains of NoV from genogroups I and II were recovered. This provides an effective protocol for food testing in the investigation of suspected NoV outbreaks