223 research outputs found

    Theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchungen zu Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Ophthalmoscopy

    Get PDF
    Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Ophthalmoscopy (FLIO), einem neuen Verfahren zur in vivo Messung der AutofluoreszenzabfĂ€lle endogener Fluorophore vom menschlichen Augenhintergrund. Die bisherigen Verfahren zur Approximation der Fluoreszenzlebensdauer aus den AutofluoreszenzabfĂ€llen stammen aus der Mikroskopie und sind daher nicht an die speziellen Bedingungen der in vivo Messungen am menschlichen Auge angepasst. Ziel der Arbeit war es, neue Verfahren der Messdatenverarbeitung zu entwickeln, welche die Fluoreszenzlebensdauerapproximation, insbesondere in FLIO-Daten, verbessern, sowie technische und physiologische Einflussfaktoren auf die FLIO-Methode zu untersuchen. Im Rahmen der Arbeit wurden daher neue Verfahren zur Behandlung von Artefakten durch eine inhomogene Fluoreszenzverteilung am Augenhintergrund sowie zur Behandlung von Artefakten durch Reflexionen im optischen Strahlengang des FLIO-Systems entwickelt. Die Modellierung der zeitaufgelösten AutofluoreszenzabfĂ€lle wurde erweitertet, um die Fluoreszenz des Augenhintergrunds als dreidimensionale FlĂ€che zu betrachten, die Schichtstruktur des Auges abzubilden sowie die Fluoreszenz der natĂŒrlichen Augenlinse von einer separaten Messung zu berĂŒcksichtigen. DarĂŒber hinaus wurden Verfahren entwickelt, welche durch Ausnutzung örtlicher Information Fehler in der Fluoreszenzlebensdauerapproximation reduzieren. Auf technischer Seite wurde die Wiederholbarkeit von FLIO anhand von Farbstoffen und Probanden untersucht, verschiedene FLIO-Systeme auf Vergleichbarkeit geprĂŒft sowie die Eignung eines Weitwinkelobjektivs fĂŒr FLIO-Messungen analysiert. Letztlich wurde der Einfluss der natĂŒrlichen Augenlinse und des Blutzuckerspiegels auf die Fluoreszenzlebensdauern des Augenhintergrunds in Patienten bzw. Probanden charakterisiert. Als ein Ergebnis der Arbeit entstand das umfangreiche Open-Source-Softwarepaket FLIMX, welches bestehende sowie die neu entwickelten Verfahren zur Fluoreszenzlebensdauerapproximation umsetzt. Außerdem bietet FLIMX Werkzeuge u.a. zur Simulation zeitaufgelöster Fluoreszenzdaten, zur Visualisierung von Fluoreszenzlebensdauern und anderer Parameter sowie zur statistischen Analyse einzelner FLIO-Messungen oder Probandengruppen. Anhand von Anwendungsbeispielen wurde die Wirksamkeit der neu entwickelten Verfahren demonstriert. Die Modellierung fluoreszierender Schichten wurde mittels aufwendiger Simulationen und experimenteller Messungen im Detail untersucht. Eine gute Wiederholbarkeit des FLIO-System konnte belegt werden. Beim Vergleich von vier FLIO-GerĂ€ten wies ein FLIO-GerĂ€t moderate Abweichungen zu den ĂŒbrigen FLIO-GerĂ€ten auf. Das Weitwinkelobjektiv liefert FLIO-Messungen mit einer guten Wiederholbarkeit, allerdings mit signifikanten Unterschieden zum Standardobjektiv. Der Blutzuckerspiegel hat keinen Einfluss auf die Fluoreszenzlebensdauern des Augenhintergrunds, die natĂŒrliche Augenlinse dagegen schon.This work is concerned with Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Ophthalmoscopy (FLIO), a new technique for the in vivo measurement of autofluorescence decays of endogenous fluorophores from the back of the human eye. The state of the art methods for the approximation of the fluorescence lifetime from the autofluorescence decays originate from microscopy and are therefore not adapted to the specific conditions of the in vivo measurements in the human eye. The aim of this work was to develop new methods of measurement data processing, which improve the fluorescence lifetime approximation, in particular in FLIO data, as well as the investigation of technical and physiological influencing factors of the FLIO technique. Therefore, new methods for the treatment of artifacts caused by an inhomogeneous fluorescence distribution at the back of the eye as well as for the treatment of artifacts caused by reflections in the optical beam path of the FLIO system were developed in this work. The modeling of the time-resolved autofluorescence decay has been extended to consider the fluorescence from the back of the eye as a three-dimensional surface, to model the layered structure of the eye and to include the fluorescence of the crystalline lens from a separate measurement. Furthermore, methods have been developed to reduce errors in the fluorescence lifetime approximation by utilizing local information. On the technical side, the reproducibility of FLIO was investigated by means of dyes and volunteers, various FLIO systems were tested for comparability and the suitability of a wide-field lens for FLIO measurements was analyzed. Finally, the influence of the crystalline lens and the blood glucose level on the fluorescence lifetime from the retina was characterized in patients and volunteers respectively. As a result of this work, the extensive FLIMX open-source software package was developed, which implements existing as well as the newly developed methods for the fluorescence lifetime approximation. In addition, FLIMX provides tools, e.g. for the simulation of time-resolved fluorescence decays, for the visualization of fluorescence lifetime and other parameters as well as for the statistical analysis of individual FLIO measurements and groups of patients / volunteers. The efficacy of the newly developed methods has been demonstrated using application examples. The modeling of fluorescent layers was investigated in detail by complex simulations and experimental measurements. A good repeatability of the FLIO system could be demonstrated. When comparing four FLIO devices, one FLIO device had moderate deviations from the other FLIO devices. The wide-field lens delivers FLIO measurements with good repeatability, but with significant differences to the standard lens. The blood glucose level has no influence on the fluorescence lifetime from the back of the eye, but the crystalline lens already has

    Reparallelization and Migration of OpenMP Programs

    Full text link
    Typical computational grid users target only a single cluster and have to estimate the runtime of their jobs. Job schedulers prefer short-running jobs to maintain a high system utilization. If the user underestimates the runtime, premature termination causes computation loss; overesti-mation is penalized by long queue times. As a solution, we present an automatic reparallelization and migration of OpenMP applications. A reparallelization is dynamically computed for an OpenMP work distribution when the num-ber of CPUs changes. The application can be migrated between clusters when an allocated time slice is exceeded. Migration is based on a coordinated, heterogeneous check-pointing algorithm. Both reparallelization and migration enable the user to freely use computing time at more than a single point of the grid. Our demo applications successfully adapt to the changed CPU setting and smoothly migrate between, for example, clusters in Erlangen, Germany, and Amsterdam, the Netherlands, that use different processors. Benchmarks show that reparallelization and migration im-pose average overheads of about 4 % and 2%. 1

    Vom Ein-Euro-Jobber zum ‘regulĂ€ren‘ Mitarbeiter? : eine Mixed-Methods-Evaluation zu innerbetrieblichen ÜbergĂ€ngen aus öffentlich geförderter in sozialversicherungspflichtige BeschĂ€ftigung

    Get PDF
    "This paper investigates in-firm transitions from so-called 'one-euro-jobs' to regular employment. One-euro-jobs are an important workfare instrument of German labour market policy and are meant to increase employability of long-term unemployed persons, enabling them to apply for regular jobs after a long time off the labour market. By using qualitative methods, hypotheses are developed to explain why those transitions occur at all. Then we will check those hypotheses with quantitative methods using a special survey of the IAB-Establishment Panel. The main finding is that those in-firm transitions do less seem to result from increasing employability of the participants, but more from the indirect funding of regular jobs in the respective companies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))Arbeitsgelegenheit, Sozialgesetzbuch II, BeschÀftigerverhalten - Auswirkungen, Wirtschaftszweige, Mitnahmeeffekte, Substitutionseffekte, betriebliche Integration, sozialversicherungspflichtige Arbeitnehmer, IAB-Betriebspanel

    Spin-Peierls transition in TiOCl

    Full text link
    Temperature-dependent x-ray diffraction of the low-dimensional spin 1/2 quantum magnet TiOCl shows that the phase transition at T_{c2} = 90 K corresponds to a lowering of the lattice symmetry. Below T_{c1} = 66 K a twofold superstructure develops, that indicates the formation of spin-singlet pairs via direct exchange between neighboring Ti atoms, while the role of superexchange is found to be negligible. TiOCl thus is identified as a spin-Peierls system of pure 1D chains of atoms. The first-order character of the transition at T_{c1} is explained by the competition between the structurally deformed state below T_{c2} and the spin-Peierls state below T_{c1}.Comment: Phys. Rev. B (Rapid Communications) in pres

    MagCPP: a C++ toolbox for combining neurofeedback with Magstim transcranial magnetic stimulators

    Get PDF
    Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an established method to treat various neurological diseases, such as depression, Alzheimer's disease, and tinnitus. New applications for TMS are closed loop neurofeedback (NF) scenarios, which require software control of the TMS system, instead of the currently used manual control. Hence, the MagCPP (https://github.com/MagCPP) toolbox was developed and is described in this work. The toolbox enables the external control of Magstim TMS devices via a C++ interface. Comparing MagCPP to two other toolboxes in a TMS application scenario with 40% power, we found that MagCPP works faster and has lower variability in repeated runs (MagCPP, Python, MATLAB [mean±std in seconds]: 1.19±0.00, 1.59±0.01, 1.44±0.02). An integration of MagCPP in a real-time data processing platform MNE-CPP with an optional GUI demonstrates its ability as part of a closed-loop NF-scenario. With its performing advantages over other toolboxes, MagCPP is a first step towards a complete closed loop NF scenario and offers possibilities for novel study designs

    Spectral fundus autofluorescence peak emission wavelength in ageing and AMD

    Get PDF
    Purpose To investigate the spectral characteristics of fundus autofluorescence (FAF) in AMD patients and controls. Methods Fundus autofluorescence spectral characteristics was described by the peak emission wavelength (PEW) of the spectra. Peak emission wavelength (PEW) was derived from the ratio of FAF recordings in two spectral channels at 500-560 nm and 560-720 nm by fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy. The ratio of FAF intensity in both channels was related to PEW by a calibration procedure. Peak emission wavelength (PEW) measurements were done in 44 young (mean age: 24.0 ± 3.8 years) and 18 elderly (mean age: 67.5 ± 10.2 years) healthy subjects as well as 63 patients with AMD (mean age: 74.0 ± 7.3 years) in each pixel of a 30° imaging field. The values were averaged over the central area, the inner and the outer ring of the ETDRS grid. Results There was no significant difference between PEW in young and elderly controls. However, PEW was significantly shorter in AMD patients (ETDRS grid centre: 571 ± 26 nm versus 599 ± 17 nm for elderly controls, inner ring: 596 ± 17 nm versus 611 ± 11 nm, outer ring: 602 ± 16 nm versus 614 ± 11 nm). After a mean follow-up time of 50.8 ± 10.8 months, the PEW in the patients decreased significantly by 9 ± 19 nm in the inner ring of the grid. Patients, showing progression to atrophic AMD in the follow up, had significantly (p ≀ 0.018) shorter PEW at baseline than non-progressing patients. Conclusions Peak emission wavelength (PEW) is related to AMD pathology and might be a diagnostic marker in AMD. Possibly, a short PEW can predict progression to retinal and/or pigment epithelium atrophy

    Kultur in der europÀischen betrieblichen Mitbestimmung: eine oder viele?

    Full text link
    Auf den Beitrag "SolidaritĂ€t in der europĂ€ischen betrieblichen Mitbestimmung als theoretische Herausforderung - ein kultursoziologischer Lösungsvorschlag" in Heft 4 der "Industriellen Beziehungen" (2011) haben Stefanie HĂŒrtgen, Hermann Kotthoff und Guglielmo Meardi mit vielfĂ€ltigen und anregenden Kritiken reagiert. Im Zentrum des Beitrags der Autoren stand die These, dass die Soziologie europĂ€ischer industrieller Beziehungen von einer stĂ€rker kultursoziologischen Orientierung profitieren könne. Die These wurde an einem speziellen Aspekt der Kooperation von betrieblichen Arbeitnehmervertretern in Europa, ihren VerstĂ€ndnissen von SolidaritĂ€t, verdeutlicht. Die Autoren untersuchten, wie Arbeitnehmervertreter die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen internationaler SolidaritĂ€t zwischen Belegschaften unterschiedlicher Standorte eines Unternehmens verhandeln. Ihre Analyse ergab, dass in der Auseinandersetzung um transnationale SolidaritĂ€t nicht nur unterschiedliche Interessen und die ungleiche Macht der beteiligten Standorte eine Rolle spielten, sondern ebenso kulturelle VerstĂ€ndigungsprobleme. Die Autoren gehen in der vorliegenden Replik auf die Kritikpunkte an ihrem Beitrag ein, die den Kern ihrer These und ihre BegrĂŒndung betreffen. (ICI2

    SolidaritÀt in der europÀischen betrieblichen Mitbestimmung als theoretische Herausforderung: ein kultursoziologischer Lösungsvorschlag

    Full text link
    "Transnationale Unternehmenspolitiken und neue, insbesondere europĂ€ische Gremien der betrieblichen Arbeitnehmervertretung erfordern, dass sich Arbeitnehmervertreter aus unterschiedlichen Systemen industrieller Beziehungen miteinander verstĂ€ndigen. Um dies vor dem Hintergrund unterschiedlicher kultureller Grundlagen der Interessenvertretung adĂ€quat untersuchen zu können, muss die Forschung zur Organisation von Arbeitnehmerinteressen kultursoziologisch erweitert werden. Exemplarisch fĂŒhren die Autoren eine solche konzeptionelle Erweiterung am Themenfeld SolidaritĂ€t durch. Begriff und Praxis der SolidaritĂ€t rekurrieren auf die Ähnlichkeit der Lage von Arbeitnehmern wie ihre Konkurrenz untereinander und die daraus erwachsende Notwendigkeit einer wechselseitigen UnterstĂŒtzung im Kampf um bessere Arbeits- und Lebensbindungen. Sie entfalten anhand empirischer Daten die These, dass Aufrufe zur SolidaritĂ€t nicht nur an der chronischen Diskrepanz zwischen Reden und Handeln und den dieser Diskrepanz zugrunde liegenden Interessenunterschieden scheitern, sondern auch daran, dass unterschiedliche SolidaritĂ€tskonzepte, Handlungsbedingungen und -grenzen in der europĂ€ischen VerstĂ€ndigung unzureichend aufeinander bezogen werden." (Autorenreferat)"Both threat posed by transnational management strategies and the newly existing European level of workplace interest representation call for employee representatives to cooperate across cultures and national institutional systems. Intercultural communication and action in industrial relations raises new obstacles for actors but also new questions for research on this topic. In this paper the authors argue that research should broaden its focus towards cultural aspects within industrial relations. Therefore, a cultural sociological approach is applied in order to investigate communication and action regarding transnational solidarity in European workplace representation. The concept of solidarity focuses on the similarity of the social situation as well as on the competition among workers and underlines the need for mutual support in the struggle for better working and living conditions. Their main thesis is that failures of calls for solidarity stem not only from existing differences of interest and power asymmetries but also from different meanings applied to solidarity. Both the meaning of solidarity and strategies to achieve solidarity are connected with specific cultural 'realms of experience' provided by different systems of industrial relations across Europe. The thesis will be developed from empirical data from Western Germany and Central Eastern Europe." (author's abstract
    • 

    corecore