AJAE Appendix: Nonlinear Dynamics and Structural Change in the U.S. Hog-Corn Ratio: A Time-Varying Star Approach

The material contained herein is supplementary to the article named in the title and published in the American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Volume 88, Number 1, February 2006.Agribusiness,

Competition of reactive signals and thiol modifications of proteins

It is clear that cells are constantly bombarded by multiple signals, often initiating similar, or even conflicting, responses. Important players in this suite of signals are the reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the reactive nitrogen species (RNS), such as nitric oxide (NO) and sulfur-based molecules, such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S). These compounds are often involved in stress responses and dysfunction of these signaling systems is often involved in disease [1-3]. This commentary discusses the interactions of such signals, which was discussed in a previous paper [3]. It was argued that all these molecules are not acting in the same manner, and that H2S was acting in a role which moderated the effects of ROS and NO

Why José Mourinho’s protégés failed when they became managers

Martin Kilduff, Craig Crossland, Wenpin Tsai and Matthew T. Bowers discuss the acolyte effec

Endozoicomonas genomes reveal functional adaptation and plasticity in bacterial strains symbiotically associated with diverse marine hosts

© The Author(s), 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 7 (2017): 40579, doi:10.1038/srep40579.Endozoicomonas bacteria are globally distributed and often abundantly associated with diverse marine hosts including reef-building corals, yet their function remains unknown. In this study we generated novel Endozoicomonas genomes from single cells and metagenomes obtained directly from the corals Stylophora pistillata, Pocillopora verrucosa, and Acropora humilis. We then compared these culture-independent genomes to existing genomes of bacterial isolates acquired from a sponge, sea slug, and coral to examine the functional landscape of this enigmatic genus. Sequencing and analysis of single cells and metagenomes resulted in four novel genomes with 60–76% and 81–90% genome completeness, respectively. These data also confirmed that Endozoicomonas genomes are large and are not streamlined for an obligate endosymbiotic lifestyle, implying that they have free-living stages. All genomes show an enrichment of genes associated with carbon sugar transport and utilization and protein secretion, potentially indicating that Endozoicomonas contribute to the cycling of carbohydrates and the provision of proteins to their respective hosts. Importantly, besides these commonalities, the genomes showed evidence for differential functional specificity and diversification, including genes for the production of amino acids. Given this metabolic diversity of Endozoicomonas we propose that different genotypes play disparate roles and have diversified in concert with their hosts.This research was supported by a KAUST-WHOI Post-doctoral Partnership Award to M.J.N. and a KAUST-WHOI Special Academic Partnership Funding Reserve Award to C.R.V. and A.A. Additional research was supported from baseline funds to C.R.V. by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)

The Role of Mechanical Refrigeration in Spatial and Temporal Price Dynamics for Regional U.S. Egg Markets, 1880–1911

This paper examines the role of mechanical refrigeration in temporal and spatial price relationships for regional egg markets in the United States, 1880–1911. Notably, this period encompasses an era in which widespread adoption of mechanical refrigeration greatly impacted the ability to briefly store otherwise perishable items. This development in turn altered observed price dynamics for many perishable commodities, including fresh eggs. We use a class of time series models, time–varying autoregressions (TVARs), to document both the structural change and the corresponding impact on spatial price dynamics for U.S. regional egg price relationships during the late 19th and early 20th centuries

Understorey light quality affects leaf pigments and leaf phenology in different plant functional types

Forest understorey plants receive most sunlight in springtime before canopy closure, and in autumn following leaf-fall. We hypothesized that plant species must adjust their phenological and photoprotective strategies in response to large changes in the spectral composition of the sunlight they receive. Here, we identified how plant species growing in northern deciduous and evergreen forest understoreys differ in their response to blue light and ultraviolet (UV) radiation according to their functional strategy. We installed filters in a forest understorey in southern Finland, to create the following treatments attenuating: UV radiation < 350 nm, all UV radiation (< 400 nm), all blue light and UV radiation (< 500 nm), and a transparent control. In eight species, representing different functional strategies, we assessed leaf optical properties, phenology, and epidermal flavonoid contents over two years. Blue light accelerated leaf senescence in all species measured in the understorey, apart from Quercus robur seedlings, whereas UV radiation only accelerated leaf senescence in Acer platanoides seedlings. More light-demanding species accumulated flavonols in response to seasonal changes in light quality compared to shade-tolerant and wintergreen species and were particularly responsive to blue light. Reduction of blue and UV radiation under shade reveals an important role for microclimatic effects on autumn phenology and leaf photoprotection. An extension of canopy cover under climate change, and its associated suppression of understorey blue light and UV radiation, may delay leaf senescence for understorey species with an autumn niche.Peer reviewe

A Response to Mooi, Williams and Gill

This is the publisher's version, which the author has permission to share. The original version may be found at the following link: http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/list/2011/2946.htm