Reaction of soybean cultivars to waterlogged soil

The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file.Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 28, 2007)Includes bibliographical references.Thesis (M.S.) University of Missouri-Columbia 2006.Dissertations, Academic -- University of Missouri--Columbia -- Plant, insect and microbial sciences.Irrigating soybean prior to an extensive rain can result in waterlogged soil that may cause root damage and plant death. Some soybean cultivars tolerate waterlogged soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate tolerance of soybean cultivars to waterlogged soils at different soybean growth stages and flood durations. A selection of maturity group IV soybean cultivars was screened for flood tolerance in the field. Five cultivars were selected for variations in tolerance to waterlogged soil conditions. An experiment was conducted to determine the response of these cultivars to waterlogged soil for 192 h at thee growth stages (V5, R1, and R5). A second experiment was conducted to determine the response of these cultivars to flood for 0, 48, 96, 144, and 192 h at the R1 stage of growth. A significant interaction was found between cultivars and growth stage flooding when exposed to waterlogged soil. The greatest yield suppression from waterlogged soil occurred at the R5 growth stage compared to V5 and R1. Soybean yield suppression due to waterlogged soil was least when flood was applied at V5 compared with the R1 and R5 stages of growth. Flood duration had a significant negative effect on soybean yield (P = 0.0012). When averaged across years and cultivars, soybean yields declined 310 kg ha-1 after being flooded for 192 hours at bloom compared to non-flooded checks. Significant interactions between cultivar and duration were not found

Rice Production with Furrow Irrigation in the Mississippi River Delta Region of the USA

Furrow irrigated rice is an alternative method for growing rice with less water and labor than conventional flood irrigation. In the Mississippi River Delta region, layflat plastic pipe is used to supply water to furrows from irrigation wells. Different size holes are punched in pipe to optimize uniformity of water distribution. Beds are made before planting to channel water down furrows. Rice seed is planted in rows with a grain drill. Water infiltration in furrows is two-dimensional through a wetted perimeter with soil in the bottom of furrows and sidewalls of beds. An ideal field for furrow irrigation has no more than 0.1% slope with high clay content. No rice cultivars have been developed specifically for furrow irrigation but tests showed that some cultivars tolerate water stress better than others. In field trials, rice yields with furrow irrigation were lower than flooded rice with the greatest yield loss in the upper part of fields. However, results indicated that rice yields can be increased with proper timing of nitrogen fertilization and irrigation and adaption of new rice herbicides for weed control

Nitrogen Fertilization for Sweet Sorghum Used for Producing Ethanol Fuel [abstract]

Only abstract of poster available.Track II: Transportation and BiofuelsAn experiment is being conducted to determine optimum nitrogen fertilizer rates for producing ethanol from corn and sweet sorghum on three Delta soils in Southeast Missouri. Sweet sorghum in commonly grown in Missouri for producing sorghum syrup. But, in this project, we are evaluating using the sorghum sugar to produce ethanol. Seven N rate treatments per crop are being used with four replications. In 2007 on a silt loam soil, we found that sorghum stalks contained sucrose, glucose and fructose which can be fermented to produce 587 gallons of ethanol per acre. Added with 195 gallons possible from converting glucan (cellulose) in the stalks to ethanol, the total potential ethanol was 782 gallons per acre. In 2007, corn plots in the same study yielded over 200 bushels grain per acre which produced close to the same amount of ethanol as from sweet sorghum sugar. This is assuming a conversion rate of 2.8 gallons of ethanol per bushel of corn grain. The main difference was that only 60 lbs N per acre was required on the sweet sorghum to produce optimum sugar yields versus 160 lbs N per acre in the corn plots. In 2008, corn yields plateaued at 175 bushels per acre on the silt loam soil but produced less than 100 bushels on the sandy loam and heavy clay soils. However, the sorghum produced 26 and 38 tons of stalks fresh weight per acre with juice averaging 15 and 11 Brix sugar content on the sandy loam and clay soils, respectively. This indicates that we may be more efficient planting corn for food and feed on our most productive silt loam soils and growing sweet sorghum for ethanol in fields with marginal soils

Axicabtagene Ciloleucel (Axi-Cel) in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Indolent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: 4-Year Follow-up from the Phase 2 ZUMA-5 Trial

Introduction: ZUMA-5 is a multicenter Phase 2 study of axi-cel autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (iNHL; follicular lymphoma [FL] and marginal zone lymphoma [MZL]). After a median of ≥3 years of follow-up, medians of progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with FL and MZL were 40.2 months and not reached, respectively, and no new safety signals were observed (Neelapu et al. ASH 2022. Abstract 4660). Here, we report updated outcomes from ZUMA-5 after a median follow-up of ≥4 years. Methods: Eligible patients had R/R FL or MZL after ≥2 lines of therapy including an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody plus an alkylating agent. Patients underwent leukapheresis at enrollment, then received lymphodepletion and axi-cel infusion (2×10 6 CAR T cells/kg). The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR; complete response [CR] + partial response [PR]). Time-to-event endpoints were assessed by investigators in all enrolled patients. Exploratory analyses included lymphoma-specific survival, using competing risk assessment, in which deaths unrelated to progression, axi-cel, or lymphodepletion were competing risks. Results: In 159 enrolled patients (FL: 127, MZL: 31) at data cutoff (March 31, 2023), median follow-up was 52.5 months (range, 20.3-69.4; FL: 53.7, MZL: 43.8). The ORR in enrolled patients remained consistent with prior analyses (90% ORR, 75% CR rate). Median duration of response (DOR) was 55.5 months (95% CI, 38.6-not estimable; FL: 55.5, MZL: not reached). Medians for DOR were 60.4 months in those with a best response of CR and 4.9 months in those with a PR. At data cutoff, responses were ongoing in 48% of patients, consistent by disease type. Median PFS was 57.3 months (95% CI, 34.9-not estimable; FL: 57.3, MZL: 46.9); estimated 48-month PFS rate was 52% (FL: 53%, MZL: 47%; Figure 1). After data cutoff of the prior analysis, 1 patient with FL had disease progression. PFS rates at 48 months in patients with FL were consistent regardless of high-risk characteristics, including progression <2 years from initiating first anti-CD20-containing chemoimmunotherapy (POD24). Median time to next therapy was 62.2 months (95% CI, 37.8-not estimable; FL: 62.2, MZL: 46.9). Median overall survival (OS) was not reached (95% CI, 62.2-not estimable); 48-month OS rate was 72% (FL: 72%, MZL: 68%). Among enrolled patients with FL, the 48-month cumulative incidence of lymphoma-specific progression or death was 34%, while the cumulative incidence of competing risks was 13% (Figure 2). Additionally, the cumulative incidence of lymphoma-specific death at 48 months was 14%; the cumulative incidence of other or unknown death was 14%. After the 3-year analysis, among 152 treated patients (124 FL; 28 MZL), 6 experienced serious adverse events, 1 of which was related to axi-cel (FL, Grade 3 myelodysplastic syndrome). No new neurologic events, hypogammaglobulinemia cases, Grade ≥3 cytopenias, or Grade ≥3 infections occurred. Seven additional patients died due to progression (n=2; both patients received subsequent therapy after progression), new malignancy (n=1; not axi-cel related), and other causes (n=4; 2 cardiac arrest, 1 infection, and 1 unknown). Among treated patients with FL, those with ongoing response at 48 months continued to have higher median postinfusion CAR T-cell expansion by peak (52.2 cells/µL) and area under the curve (583.6 cells/µL×days) than those who relapsed (29.6 cells/µL and 337.6 cells/µL×days) or had no response (25.4 cells/µL and 269.9 cells/µL×days). Additionally, those with ongoing response had a higher proportion of naive (CCR7+CD45RA+) T cells in axi-cel product (25%) than relapsed (13%) or nonresponding patients (9%). Similar trends were observed in MZL. Conclusions: With a median ≥4 years of follow-up in ZUMA-5, axi-cel demonstrated continued durable response and long-term survival in patients with R/R FL and R/R MZL. Late progression or lymphoma-specific death was uncommon in FL, suggesting curative potential for those patients. The long-term safety profile of axi-cel was manageable