Polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of apple fruit: effect of cultivar and storage conditions

The benefits of fruits and vegetables are often attributed to their high antioxidant content. Research supports a role of secondary plant metabolites particulary polyphenols in the prevention of degenerative diseases e.g. cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Apple fruit are an important source of secondary plant metabolites and one of the major phenol sources being consumed during the whole year. The present investigation was undertaken to determine antioxidant capacity in selected apple cultivars depending on cultivar and different modes of postharvest storage. Additional storage at 20 °C was tested to simulate the conditions at the consumers’ home (shelf life). Antioxidant capacity differed between the cultivars. Cold storage (1 °C) for 4.5 months increased the antioxidative capacity and polyphenol content in most of the cultivars. Shelf life led to a decrease in polyphenol content and in antioxidant capacity. Storage under controlled atmosphere led to low increases of both antioxidant capacity and polyphenol content. In some cultivars polyphenol content remained stable. After the shelf life period lower values for antioxidant capacity were determined, in combination with no changes in phenol content. Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between total phenols and antioxidant capacity (TEACValue). Lipophilic antioxidants decreased during storage. Storage experiments indicated that a high content of polyphenols and antioxidants can be sustained by optimal storage conditions, these fruit may contribute to an antioxidant rich diet and may impart health benefits

Unmanned aerial vehicles as mobile multi - sensor platforms

Abstract. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with multiple sensors publish data in unpre-dictable manner using considerable bandwidth and missing spatial reference. Additionally, the availa-ble approaches only provide proprietary access to the data. Integrating sensors from UAVs into a synchronized data stream is required for publishing the transmitted data on the Web. This article describes a software framework, which simplifies such integration. In particular, it synchronizes registered sensor data streams and attaches a spatial reference through a geotagging mechanism. Moreover, the resulting data is published on the Web and made accessible in an interoperable way using Sensor Web technology. The presented framework is applied to a multi-sensor equipped UAV for a real-world scenario exploring the surface-near atmosphere of the earth.

Chern numbers for two families of noncommutative Hopf fibrations

We consider noncommutative line bundles associated with the Hopf fibrations of SUq(2) over all Podles spheres and with a locally trivial Hopf fibration of S^3_{pq}. These bundles are given as finitely generated projective modules associated via 1-dimensional representations of U(1) with Galois-type extensions encoding the principal fibrations of SUq(2) and S^3_{pq}. We show that the Chern numbers of these modules coincide with the winding numbers of representations defining them.Comment: 6 page

What is the solar influence on climate? Overview of activities during CAWSES-II

This paper presents an overview of the main advances in the Key Questions identified by the Task Group ‘What is the Solar Influence on Climate’ by the SCOSTEP CAWSES-II science program. We go through different aspects of solar forcing from solar irradiance, including total solar irradiance (TSI) and solar spectral irradiance (SSI), to energetic particle forcing, including energetic particle precipitation (EPP) and cosmic rays (CR). Besides discussing the main advances in the timeframe 2009 to 2013, we also illustrate the proposed mechanism for climate variability for the different solar variability sources listed above. The key questions are as follows: What is the importance of spectral variations to solar influences on climate? What is the effect of energetic particle forcing on the whole atmosphere and what are the implications for climate? How well do models reproduce and predict solar irradiance and energetic particle influences on the atmosphere and climate

Pre-clinical Training for New Notes Procedures: From Ex-vivo Models to Virtual Reality Simulators

Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is a newer field of endoscopic surgery that allows for scarless treatment of pathologic entities, using novel transluminal approaches. There has been a shift of focus from a clinical and research standpoint from the development and dissemination of "first-generation" NOTES procedures to "new NOTES" procedures that traverse the mucosa of luminal structures, yet do not stray far into the peritoneal cavity. It has been a challenge to find appropriate and effective ways to train gastroenterologists and surgeons in these novel approaches. We review the importance of simulation in training and discuss available simulation options

Influence of Grassland Management and Grazing by Different Farm Animals on Animal Performance and Flora Alterations

The objectives of this study were to test the possibilities of using different farm animals for landscape care on extensive pasture, taking into account their particular performance, and to analyse alterations of the flora in consequence of grazing by different animals and various pasture management. Salers had the highest (836g/d) and Galloways (584g/d) the lowest live weight gain as compared with the other breeds (771g/d). Lambs had higher live weight when grazing together with cattle and horses (mixed grazing) than under one species grazing. The number of legume increased and that of grass decreased. Following 3 years the grazing animals effected an increase of plant numbers in order of: Horses 86%, Cattle 15%, Mixed grazing 14% and sheep no effect. The most success of increasing plant numbers was registered when combined grazing and mowing of pasture was used

Kinetic models with randomly perturbed binary collisions

We introduce a class of Kac-like kinetic equations on the real line, with general random collisional rules, which include as particular cases models for wealth redistribution in an agent-based market or models for granular gases with a background heat bath. Conditions on these collisional rules which guarantee both the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium profiles and their main properties are found. We show that the characterization of these stationary solutions is of independent interest, since the same profiles are shown to be solutions of different evolution problems, both in the econophysics context and in the kinetic theory of rarefied gases

Dynamics of the middle atmosphere as simulated by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, version 3 (WACCM3)

The Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, version 3 (WACCM3) is a state-of-the-art climate model extending from the Earth's surface to the lower thermosphere. In this paper we present a detailed climatology of the dynamics of the middle atmosphere as represented by WACCM3 at various horizontal resolutions and compare them to observations. In addition to the mean climatological fields, we examine in detail the middle atmospheric momentum budget as well as several lower and upper atmosphere coupling phenomena including stratospheric sudden warmings, the 2-day wave, and the migrating diurnal tide. We find that in large part, differences between WACCM3 and observations and the mean state of the model at various horizontal resolutions are related to gravity wave drag, which is parameterized in WACCM3 (and similar models). All three lower and upper atmosphere coupling processes examined show high sensitivity to the model's resolution