10 research outputs found

    Figures, tensions et intensités organisationnelles à Médecins sans frontiÚres : une approche ethnographique

    Full text link
    Cette thĂšse s’applique Ă  rendre compte de la maniĂšre dont des tensions s’incarnent et s’expriment dans les activitĂ©s quotidiennes d’une organisation humanitaire, MĂ©decins sans frontiĂšres. Pour ce faire, nous faisons appel Ă  une approche dite « constitutive » de la communication, approche qui vise Ă  montrer que les tensions organisationnelles que vivent les intervenants humanitaires dans leur travail peuvent s’analyser Ă  partir des figures qui animent leurs conversations et leurs activitĂ©s de tous les jours. Par tension, nous entendons l’expĂ©rience d’une incompatibilitĂ©, antinomie ou opposition vĂ©cue ou perçue entre deux ou plusieurs logiques d’action, tandis que la notion de figure renvoie Ă  ce qui anime ces mĂȘmes logiques d’action, soit toute prĂ©occupation, valeur ou intĂ©rĂȘt au nom desquels un acteur s’exprime ou agit. Dans cette thĂšse, nous avons ainsi identifiĂ© puis analysĂ©, grĂące Ă  une approche d’inspiration ethnographique, cinq figures, trois tensions et trois « scĂšnes communicationnelles » qui, selon nous, illustrent d’une maniĂšre fidĂšle les activitĂ©s humanitaires de MSF. La prĂ©sente thĂšse se veut donc une dĂ©monstration empirique, via les pratiques communicationnelles des acteurs, de ces figures et tensions Ă  gĂ©rer au quotidien, comblant du coup certaines lacunes dans la littĂ©rature portant sur les tensions organisationnelles et l’aide humanitaire. Ces lacunes s’articulent principalement autour d’un manque d’intĂ©rĂȘt pour, d’une part, la rĂ©alitĂ© des pratiques des acteurs en tant que telles, et, d’autre part, l’application d’une vision de la communication proprement constitutive de l’organisation, c’est-Ă -dire une vision qui reflĂšterait et exprimerait ce qui anime ses principaux acteurs au quotidien. Comme nous le montrons, ce qui semble animer ou prĂ©occuper MSF (et ses acteurs), ce sont, d’une part, certains principes ou valeurs tels l’indĂ©pendance de pratique, la neutralitĂ© ou encore l’expĂ©rience et le scrupule. Ces idĂ©aux, que les volontaires de MSF cultivent dans leurs conversations et leurs activitĂ©s, sont donc constamment pris en considĂ©ration lors de la mise sur pied et la rĂ©alisation des missions de cette cĂ©lĂšbre organisation. D’autre part, une autre source d’animation se retrouve aussi au niveau des lieux et environnements complexes dans lesquels les soins mĂ©dicaux sont prodiguĂ©s aux populations en danger. Au final, et grĂące Ă  l’approche communicationnelle mise Ă  profit dans cette thĂšse, il nous a Ă©tĂ© possible de dresser un portrait rĂ©aliste de ces mĂȘmes pratiques - les « sources » de ce qui les anime -, reflĂ©tant Ă  la fois le mode d’ĂȘtre et d’agir de MSF, dans toutes ses intensitĂ©s et toutes ses tensions.This thesis illustrates the ways by which some tensions enbody and expresses themselves in the daily activities of a humanitarian organization, Doctors without borders (MSF). To do so, we mobilize a "constitutive" approach to communication, an approach that allows us to show that organizational tensions faced by (humanitarian) actors can be analyzed from the figures that animate their conversations and activities on a daily basis. By tension, we mean every practices of inconsistency, contradiction or opposition experienced or perceived between two or more logics of action, while the notion of figure refers to what drives these logics of action, that is, any concern, value or interest on behalf of which an actor comes to speak or act. In this thesis, we thus identified and analyzed, through an ethnographic approach, five figures, three tensions and three "communicative scenes" that we believe illustrate quite faithfully the humanitarian activities of MSF. This thesis is therefore an empirical demonstration, via the communication practices of actors, of these figures and tensions that have to be managed on a daily basis. Consequently, we were able to fill some “gaps” in the literature on organizational tensions and humanitarian aid. These gaps correspond with a lack of interest for the actual practices of organizational actors as such, and secondly, as well as for an approach to communication conceived as being constitutive of an organization, that is to say, an approach that reflects and expresses what drives or guides organizational actors on a daily basis. As we show, what seem to animate or preoccupy MSF (and its actors) are, on one side, some principles and values such as independence of practice, neutrality or experience and scruples. Thus, these ideals that actors cultivate in their conversations and activities are constantly taken in account when missions are planned and carried out for this famous organization. On the other side, another source of animation lies in the complex environments in which medical care is provided to populations in distress. Through our constitutive approach to communication, we were thus able to draw a realistic picture of these practices - the "sources" of what animates humanitarian action - reflecting both the mode of being and acting of MSF, in all its intensities and tensions

    L'aide humanitaire d'urgence en actions. Une approche ethnographique : le cas de MĂ©decins sans FrontiĂšres

    Full text link
    Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothÚques de l'Université de Montréal

    Rebuilding Babel: a constitutive approach to tongues-in-use

    Get PDF
    The argument that communication constitutes organizations (also known as CCO) is increasingly accepted in communication studies. However, what tongue – idiom – is being used and how it relates to the constitution of the organization seems to be overlooked to a large degree. In this paper, we suggest that the Montreal School (TMS) tradition of organizational communication offers a fruitful analytical framework that allows to better take into account the way people practically deal with plurilingual situations as they go on with their daily activities and contribute to shaping their organizations. We identify six core features of TMS and show their analytical power in studying plurilingual interactions. TMS, we argue, is conceptually well equipped to reveal the ways in which multiple tongues are dealt with in everyday organizational settings and to uncover the constitutive nature of tongue-in-use

    Being followed by an organization: A hauntological perspective on organizational ethnography

    Get PDF
    This chapters proposes to reverse the conventional assumption regarding research methods, according to which researchers follow their object of study. When studying an organization, researchers must let themselves be followed – we voluntarily use the passive voice – and make their body available as a surface where different principles, artefacts, sensations, feelings and other figures are articulated and therefore get organized. We use the case of the first author’s experience in a Doctor’s Without Borders field hospital at a refugee camp in South Sudan to describe and analyze the ways in which the organization and its extreme environment affected him. The organization, rather than an external object available for his observation, took shape and became available for study as he experienced it in an embodied way

    Materializing Ethical Matters of Concern: Practicing Ethics in a Refugee Camp

    Get PDF
    This article explores the collective practices through which ethics is handled at the humanitarian aid organization Doctors Without Borders. As an international nongovernmental organization operating in 72 countries, many times facing extreme contexts and yet able to uphold its ethical standards, we consider that studying the practical achievement of ethics at Doctors Without Borders is an occasion to learn how workers themselves deal with it. Our analysis of ethnographic data suggests that the question of what is right or wrong is materialized through what we call ethical matters of concern. We focus on the communicative practices through which apparent individual ethical decisions are in fact collaborative in the sense that they imply people, principles, and other artifacts that substantiate organizational ethics in everyday work

    To speak or not to speak the language of numbers: accounting as ventriloquism

    No full text
    International audiencePurpose : The purpose of this paper is to extend the literature on accounting’s performativity by developing a ventriloquial perspective that directs the attention to the reciprocity between the accounting signs and the accountants: they both do things by making each other speak. This oscillation explains where accounting number’s authority, materiality and resistance come from. Design/methodology/approach : In order to show the relevance of this approach, the authors examine various ways numbers manage to speak or do things in the context of video-recorded conversations taken from fieldwork completed with MĂ©decins sans frontiĂšres (also known as Doctors without Borders) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Findings : The analyses show how this ventriloquial perspective can inform the way the authors interpret what happens: when numbers do not say the same thing; when numbers are competing with other figures; and when numbers backfire on their own promoters. Research limitations/implications : Even if some of the numbers studied are sometimes far from accounting per se , it shows how the absence or presence of accounting can make a difference. Practical implications : The authors then discuss the implications of this research for accounting social innovation through accounting inscriptions. Social implications : This perspective helps to understand that numbers can give great power, but that everything cannot be told with numbers. This is why making numbers speak is a great talent. Originality/value : This refreshing perspective on accounting could be extended to other fields such as auditing and auditing

    La culture en tant que cultivation : vers une conception communicationnelle de la culture organisationnelle

    No full text
    Bien que le lien entre organisation, culture et communication soit Ă©tabli de longue date, de façon surprenante, hormis quelques exceptions, peu de chercheurs semblent avoir Ă©tudiĂ© la culture organisationnelle en train de se re-produire, Ă  partir d’une perspective rĂ©solument communicationnelle. La plupart des Ă©tudes qui ont tentĂ© de le faire se sont surtout basĂ©es sur des entrevues, et non pas sur l’analyse d’interactions qui aurait permis de comprendre comment les acteurs produisent et reproduisent la culture par leurs pratiques quotidiennes. Ce texte tente de pallier ce manque en adoptant une approche d’analyse d’interactions pour montrer comment la culture peut ĂȘtre conçue comme un processus communicationnel, par lequel les acteurs mobilisent des Ă©lĂ©ments – valeurs, principes, documents et autres – qu’ils positionnent comme guidant, orientant ou animant leurs actions. Cette perspective situe la culture au niveau des interactions observables, rendant concrĂšte cette notion trop souvent intangible.Although organizational culture research is well established, surprisingly few researchers have studied how culture is a communicative accomplishment. By relying on the analysis of interviews, rather than interactions, many studies do not provide insight into how various actors produce and reproduce organizational culture in the practice of communication. This paper addresses this issue by adopting a ventriloquial perspective to show how culture can be viewed as a communicative process in which actors mobilize values, principles, documents, and so on that they position as guiding or animating their actions. Hence, this paper situates culture at the level of observable interactions and communicatively “concretizes” this concept

    La culture en tant que cultivation : vers une conception communicationnelle de la culture organisationnelle

    Get PDF
    Bien que le lien entre organisation, culture et communication soit Ă©tabli de longue date, de façon surprenante, hormis quelques exceptions, peu de chercheurs semblent avoir Ă©tudiĂ© la culture organisationnelle en train de se re-produire, Ă  partir d’une perspective rĂ©solument communicationnelle. La plupart des Ă©tudes qui ont tentĂ© de le faire se sont surtout basĂ©es sur des entrevues, et non pas sur l’analyse d’interactions qui aurait permis de comprendre comment les acteurs produisent et reproduisent la culture par leurs pratiques quotidiennes. Ce texte tente de pallier ce manque en adoptant une approche d’analyse d’interactions pour montrer comment la culture peut ĂȘtre conçue comme un processus communicationnel, par lequel les acteurs mobilisent des Ă©lĂ©ments – valeurs, principes, documents et autres – qu’ils positionnent comme guidant, orientant ou animant leurs actions. Cette perspective situe la culture au niveau des interactions observables, rendant concrĂšte cette notion trop souvent intangible

    Varia 2020

    No full text
    Communiquer, Revue de communication sociale et publique contribue à une meilleure compréhension des phénomÚnes de communication humains. Cette thématique est abordée dans son ensemble, qu'elle soit organisationnelle, interculturelle et internationale, interpersonnelle et de groupe, marketing et publicitaire, politique ou qu'elle touche à la santé, l'environnement, les technologies, la communication scientifique, les relations publiques, sans que ces indications ne soient exhaustives
    corecore