102 research outputs found
Representations of Anorexia Nervosa in National Media: A Frame Analysis of the UK Press
This is an Accepted Manuscript (draft, post-peer-review, pre-copyediting version) of a chapter published by University of Exeter Press in Eating Disorders In Public Discourse on 24/01/2023, available online: https://www.exeterpress.co.uk/products/eating-disorders-in-public-discourse?_pos=1&_sid=296112df3&_ss=rThis study explores the representation of anorexia nervosa in the UK press, to consider its impact, the insights it may offer as a barometer of public opinion and opportunities to consider developments in clinical practice. The study is a development of a previous study by the researchers (Bowen, Lovell & Waller, 2020), which employed an inductive approach to the analysis of anorexia nervosa in newspaper Twitter accounts, to test the viability of using those findings in a deductive study that would offer future opportunities for longitudinal analysis. The study identified four news frames employed by the UK national newspapers: social model; illness model; personal stressors model; and trivialisation model. The illness model, social model and personal stressor models were employed at a relatively similar frequency. The paper considers the implications for stigma, recovery and therapeutic practice
Stigma: Personality disorder and homicide in the U.K. red-top tabloid press, 2001-2012
There is evidence of stigma towards people with personality disorder from within healthcare systems, but relatively little known about other aspects of stigmatisation. This study explored the image within the red-top tabloids of people with personality disorder who have committed homicide and how this may have contributed to the processes of stigmatisation. The analysis was underpinned by a symbolic interactionist perspective on individuals and society and was informed by the modified labelling model. The role the press plays in the processes of stigmatisation is elaborated through exploration of the theoretical models and empirical evidence.
The data set for the thesis was articles published by the red-top tabloids between the years 2001 and 2012 (inclusively) that made reference to personality disorder. The data set was analysed using three methods: content analysis, corpus linguistics and frame analysis. The three methods were used in a mixed methods approach with a sequential design so that the results from one stage of the analysis fed into the next stage.
The content analysis of the data set identified that of the 552 articles published about people with personality disorder, 42% met the criteria for being homicide themed. Analysis identified that there was a significant reduction in the proportion of homicide themed newspaper articles in the period 2007-2012 compared to 2001-2006 ((1, n=552) = 7.38, p < .05), however, the effect size was small (φ = .12).
Corpus linguistics analysis was used on articles that were homicide themed and identified 22 words that were stigmatising in their use, and were used proportionally more frequently than a comparator data set. These words were categorised as either epithets (e.g. psycho, monster), qualities (e.g. evil) or contributing to the process of labelling (e.g. branded). Comparison between 2001-2006 and 2007-2012 identified a proportional increase in the use of stigmatising descriptors, but to a level that was not considered to be significant ((1, n=114110) = 1.53, p > .05).
Frame analysis of the homicide data set identified a dominant news frame in the articles, referred to as lock them up and throw away the key. This news frame was structured on a model that the problem was a failure to protect us, the public, from the risk presented by them, dangerous people with personality disorder who commit homicide.
The results of the study are discussed in relation to the model elaborated in the study of the role the red-top tabloids may play in the processes of stigmatisation. Implications for practice include using personality disorder in press guidance, and training for clinicians about attitudes towards people with personality disorder to include reviewing the impact of the press
High Energy Battery Team Capstone Project Report
James Madison University’s High Energy Battery Team was commissioned in Fall 2011 to conceptualize, design, prototype, test, and construct a high voltage, high amperage battery pack capable of powering an all-electric motorcycle at a speed of 70 miles per hour for a minimum of 150 miles. Key design goals were to minimize volume and weight and to maximize power output, reliability, and serviceability. This project report details the Team’s work to develop a battery “sub-pack” using 18650-type lithium ion cells which could be used (in a full-size battery pack) to power a future version of the motorcycle. The ultimate project goal is to supply an all-electric commuter motorcycle to a new market segment, reducing dependency on fossil fuels and eliminating vehicle emissions
Modelling of vorticity, sound and their interaction in two-dimensional superfluids
Vorticity in two-dimensional superfluids is subject to intense research
efforts due to its role in quantum turbulence, dissipation and the BKT phase
transition. Interaction of sound and vortices is of broad importance in
Bose-Einstein condensates and superfluid helium [1-4]. However, both the
modelling of the vortex flow field and of its interaction with sound are
complicated hydrodynamic problems, with analytic solutions only available in
special cases. In this work, we develop methods to compute both the vortex and
sound flow fields in an arbitrary two-dimensional domain. Further, we analyse
the dispersive interaction of vortices with sound modes in a two-dimensional
superfluid and develop a model that quantifies this interaction for any vortex
distribution on any two-dimensional bounded domain, possibly non-simply
connected, exploiting analogies with fluid dynamics of an ideal gas and
electrostatics. As an example application we use this technique to propose an
experiment that should be able to unambiguously detect single circulation
quanta in a helium thin film.Comment: 23 pages, 8 figure
Generative Pre-training for Speech with Flow Matching
Generative models have gained more and more attention in recent years for
their remarkable success in tasks that required estimating and sampling data
distribution to generate high-fidelity synthetic data. In speech,
text-to-speech synthesis and neural vocoder are good examples where generative
models have shined. While generative models have been applied to different
applications in speech, there exists no general-purpose generative model that
models speech directly. In this work, we take a step toward this direction by
showing a single pre-trained generative model can be adapted to different
downstream tasks with strong performance. Specifically, we pre-trained a
generative model, named SpeechFlow, on 60k hours of untranscribed speech with
Flow Matching and masked conditions. Experiment results show the pre-trained
generative model can be fine-tuned with task-specific data to match or surpass
existing expert models on speech enhancement, separation, and synthesis. Our
work suggested a foundational model for generation tasks in speech can be built
with generative pre-training.Comment: Preprint, under revie
Difference in Rate of Perceived Exertion between Cluster- and Traditional-set Lower Body Resistance Training
Training variation is an integral part of strength and conditioning programming as it stimulates recovery, various adaptations, enhances athletic performance outcomes, while avoiding overtraining. The structure of set and repetition prescription is often varied to achieve desired adaptive outcomes. Cluster-set (CL), or rest-pause set, training is a method utilized to change the traditional-set (TS) and repetition structure by interrupting the repetitions with a 10-30s rest interval. Results from previous reports describe CL training as optimal for increasing training volume, lift quality, and achieves similar hormonal responses when compared to TS training. However, no studies have examined differences in perceived exertion levels between CL and TS training. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate rate of perceived exertion (RPE) differences between CL and TS training when performing lower body exercises. METHODS: Twenty-two (10 male, 12 female) resistance-trained athletes were divided into control (TS; n = 8) and experimental (CL; n = 13) groups and participated in a 4-weeks lower body resistance training program. Prior to the first training session, participants completed 1-repetition maximum tests for squat (SQ) and deadlift (DL). Participants completed 2 workout (SQ and DL) routines each week, 48-hours of rest was required between routines. The TS training group completed: 4 x 5 (sets x reps) at 75% intensity during week 1; 4 x 4 at 75% during week 2; 5 x 6 at 80% during week 3, 3 x 4 at 77% intensity during week 4. Between-set rest for TS training was set at 120s for each routine and across all weeks. The CL training prescribed volume and rest matching that of TS. Cluster-set routines were as follows: 4 x (1 x 3; 1 x 2) (sets [sets x reps, sets x reps]) at 75% intensity during week 1; 4 x (2 x 2) at 75% intensity during week 2; 5 x (2 x 3) at 80% intensity during week 3; 3 x (2 x 2) at 77% intensity during week 4. Intra-set rest was set at 30s, inter-set rest was set at 90s, totaling 120s rest per set. Each group was asked to report an RPE score, according to Borgs Scale of Rate of Perceived Exertion, upon the completion of each workout session. The average RPE of all sessions was calculated for each group and differences between CL and TS were analyzed using an Independent Sample T-Test (α \u3c .05). RESULTS: The analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between DL TS RPE scores (4.1 ± 0.57) and DL CL RPE scores (5.7 ± 0.85), t(16)=-4.531, p \u3c 0.001. However, no RPE difference (p = .52) was expressed between TS (5.3 ± 0.77) and CL (5.7 ± 1.52) for SQ. CONCLUSION: These results suggest the use of CL training increases the perceived exertion level of participants when completing DL. While no statistically significant difference was yielded, RPE scores were lower for TS during SQ routines. These elevated levels of RPE during CL training assist in explaining previous findings of improved outcomes from CL training in comparison to TS training
Assessing the Impacts of Birmingham’s Clean Air Zone on Air Quality: Estimates from a Machine Learning and Synthetic Control Approach
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