Desempeños del alumnado de Educación Secundaria en la evaluación de una investigación científica en el contexto de la industria láctea

En este estudio se analizan los desempeños de estudiantes de 2.º, 3.º y 4.º de ESO (14, 15 y 16 años) que cursan la asignatura de Física y química, cuando evalúan el diseño de una investigación sobre un problema de precipitación identificado en la industria láctea. Los desempeños se examinan por separado para cada dimensión del diseño: identificación de la cuestión objeto de investigación, formulación de hipótesis, planificación de la investigación y selección del criterio de finalización. Para el análisis de resultados, se recogen sus propuestas, en las que han de estar desarrolladas las siguientes tareas: seleccionar la mejor opción, justificar su elección y modificar la opción alternativa para convertirla en correcta. Los resultados menos adecuados corresponden a las dos últimas dimensiones citadas.In this paper we analyse the performance of 8th, 9th and 10th grade students (14, 15 and 16 years old respectively), attending Physics and Chemistry lessons, when assessing the design of scientific research on a precipitation problem identified in the dairy industry. Students' performances are examined separately for each dimension involved in the design: identifying the issue to be studied, posing the hypotheses, planning the research and selecting the ending criterion. For the analysis, we collect participants' individual proposals, which have to include the following tasks: selecting the best option, justifying their choice and modifying the alternative option so that it will be correct. The less adequate results correspond to the last two dimensions

Comparison of Clinical Performance between a Composite Resin Inlay and Two Posterior Composite Resins after Two Years

本論文の要旨は第64回広島大学歯学会例会(平成元年9月)において発表した

National trends in the outcomes of subarachnoid haemorrhage and the prognostic influence of stroke centre capability in Japan: retrospective cohort study

Objectives To examine the national, 6-year trends in in-hospital clinical outcomes of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) who underwent clipping or coiling and the prognostic influence of temporal trends in the Comprehensive Stroke Center (CSC) capabilities on patient outcomes in Japan.Design Retrospective study.Setting Six hundred and thirty-one primary care institutions in Japan.Participants Forty-five thousand and eleven patients with SAH who were urgently hospitalised, identified using the J-ASPECT Diagnosis Procedure Combination database.Primary and secondary outcome measures Annual number of patients with SAH who remained untreated, or who received clipping or coiling, in-hospital mortality and poor functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale: 3–6) at discharge. Each CSC was assessed using a validated scoring system (CSC score: 1–25 points).Results In the overall cohort, in-hospital mortality decreased (year for trend, OR (95% CI): 0.97 (0.96 to 0.99)), while the proportion of poor functional outcomes remained unchanged (1.00 (0.98 to 1.02)). The proportion of patients who underwent clipping gradually decreased from 46.6% to 38.5%, while that of those who received coiling and those left untreated gradually increased from 16.9% to 22.6% and 35.4% to 38%, respectively. In-hospital mortality of coiled (0.94 (0.89 to 0.98)) and untreated (0.93 (0.90 to 0.96)) patients decreased, whereas that of clipped patients remained stable. CSC score improvement was associated with increased use of coiling (per 1-point increase, 1.14 (1.08 to 1.20)) but not with short-term patient outcomes regardless of treatment modality.Conclusions The 6-year trends indicated lower in-hospital mortality for patients with SAH (attributable to better outcomes), increased use of coiling and multidisciplinary care for untreated patients. Further increasing CSC capabilities may improve overall outcomes, mainly by increasing the use of coiling. Additional studies are necessary to determine the effect of confounders such as aneurysm complexity on outcomes of clipped patients in the modern endovascular era