Working-class Women in 1980s British Drama

This thesis focuses on the representation of working-class women in three plays written during the 1980s in England. The analysed plays are Andrea Dunbar’s The Arbor, Rita, Sue and Bob Too and Shirley. Dunbar’s plays give voice to young working-class women by using their typical discourse and jargon, through which they speak out about problems that are often specific for their gender and class. Even though the girls are active in initiating and accepting relations with boys (and men), they are portrayed as badly educated on terms of sex and reproduction through the fault of schools and (often) their parents who avoid these topics. Their parents are uneducated and apathetic due to Thatcher dismantling the welfare state and not educating nor preparing people for economic liberalism in any way. Furthermore, the girls have bad relationships with their own families because their parents abuse them psychologically and physically. Moreover, the girls enter relationships with abusive partners and become victims of sexual predators. All of these problems that the characters from the plays face are conditioned by their gender and social class. Through their sociological researches McRobbie (2000), Skeggs (1997) and other experts on the working class confirm the vast majority of the problems indicated in the plays and through them we examine the implications of gender and class on the lives of the play’s characters. The private side of life of working-class women is discussed using works by Lawler (2000), McRobbie and Skeggs, and the chapter dedicated to working-class feminism focuses on Martin’s 2009 text on women’s role in unions

Measuring the Utilization of On-Page Search Engine Optimization in Selected Domain

Search engine optimization (SEO) techniques involve „on-page“ and „off-page“ actions taken by web developers and SEO specialists with aim to increase the ranking of web pages in search engine results pages (SERP) by following recommendations from major search engine companies. In this paper we explore the possibility of creating a metric for evaluating on-page SEO of a website. A novel „k-rank“ metric is proposed which takes into account not only the presence of certain tags in HTML of a page, but how those tags are used with selected keywords in selected domain. The „k-rank“ is tested in domain of education by inspecting 20 university websites and comparing them with expert scores. The overview of results showed that „k-rank“ can be used as a metric for on-page SEO

DEFINING APPELLATE ALLEGATIONS IN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT CASES –THEORY AND PRACTICE

This paper introduces the appeal process into the legal framework and gives a brief overview of appeal proceedings in public procurement cases in theory and practice. Consequently, in practice, the appeal process usually ends with rejection of the appeal because of the unfoundedness of the appellate allegations and as a result of which months are lost in which the client stops the procedure and cannot contract until the State Commission for Control of the Procedure makes a decision, this paper focuses on the factual basis of the appeal process. Based on the above, at the heart of the subject analysis and reflection are the important issues of good definition of grievance allegations as a product of good practice and imperatives in the skills of filing grievances and proving that grievance allegations are discussed, giving critique and concrete suggestions of key methodology for setting elements of factual support. In this regard, examples of flat-rate appeal proceedings are presented, which stand out as the most common reasons for the loss of time in which the contracting authority could have completed the public procurement procedure in question. Also, from the client\u27s perspective, the importance of willingness to prove and justify annulment or selection is emphasized. The task of this paper is a thorough review of the most common problems during the appeal process in terms of the effective legal protection encountered by authorized representatives of contracting authorities and tenderers in the procedure, whose phases will try to justify the hypothesis that the demanding administrative complexity of the appeal process in terms of proving and refuting appellate allegations is one of the key reasons for the procedural issues of public procurement

Biology and natural enemies of spotted ash looper, Abraxas pantaria (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) in Krka National Park

Background and Purpose: Spotted ash looper (Abraxas pantaria) is a forest present in Krka National Park, Croatia with occasional mass occurrence. The caterpillars of this pest have completely defoliated leaves of Narrow-leafed ash (Fraxinus angustifolia) in the upper flow of river Krka in the period from 2008–2010. We have researched the biology of spotted ash looper which is first comprehensive study of this pest in Croatia. Materials and Methods: The research of spotted ash looper included field trials through all the years and laboratory experiments. Caterpillars were reared and daily weighted in laboratory. Fresh and dry Narrow-leafed ash leaves have beenweighted and factor of drymatter in leaves defined. For each individual sex, moment of onset of particular larval instar, prepupa, pupa and butterfly was noted in order to identify the duration of each stage and possible differences. Duration of larval stages and consummation of food were analysed separately by gender. A total of 200 pupae of spotted ash looperwere transferred to the laboratory for the identification of natural enemies. Each pupa was placed in a separate glass tube and incubated in laboratory. Results and Conclusions: Our results show biology of this pest in Croatia. Caterpillars feed on Narrow-leafed ash and have not been found on Manna ash (Fraxinus ornus). They have moulted only 3 times and pass through 4 larval instars in laboratory conditions. Average caterpillars of 4th larval instar gained their maximum growth on the 4th day from the beginning of that stage andmaximumweight on the 8th day, three days before entering the prepupal stage. The difference betweenmales and females starts to develop during the 4th larval instar when females consume significantly more food, gain significantly more weight and form significantly heavier pupae. The average 4th larval instar consumes between 0.3329 and 0.3673 g of fresh leaf. Research shows that number of pupae diapauses during the winter,while some of themhave no diapause. This indicates that the pest has at least two generations a year, which was also shown by observations in the field. Pathogen fungus Beauveria bassiana, parasitoids Pales pavida, Cratichneumon cf. fabricator F. and unidentified species from the genus Coelichneumon were natural enemies found in pupae. Beauveria bassiana as a pupal pathogen plays an important role as the most important natural enemy and the existence of its alternative host, ash weevil (Stereonychus fraxini)which occupies the same overwintering niche is also important

DEFINING APPELLATE ALLEGATIONS IN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT CASES –THEORY AND PRACTICE

This paper introduces the appeal process into the legal framework and gives a brief overview of appeal proceedings in public procurement cases in theory and practice. Consequently, in practice, the appeal process usually ends with rejection of the appeal because of the unfoundedness of the appellate allegations and as a result of which months are lost in which the client stops the procedure and cannot contract until the State Commission for Control of the Procedure makes a decision, this paper focuses on the factual basis of the appeal process. Based on the above, at the heart of the subject analysis and reflection are the important issues of good definition of grievance allegations as a product of good practice and imperatives in the skills of filing grievances and proving that grievance allegations are discussed, giving critique and concrete suggestions of key methodology for setting elements of factual support. In this regard, examples of flat-rate appeal proceedings are presented, which stand out as the most common reasons for the loss of time in which the contracting authority could have completed the public procurement procedure in question. Also, from the client\u27s perspective, the importance of willingness to prove and justify annulment or selection is emphasized. The task of this paper is a thorough review of the most common problems during the appeal process in terms of the effective legal protection encountered by authorized representatives of contracting authorities and tenderers in the procedure, whose phases will try to justify the hypothesis that the demanding administrative complexity of the appeal process in terms of proving and refuting appellate allegations is one of the key reasons for the procedural issues of public procurement

Biology and natural enemies of spotted ash looper, Abraxas pantaria (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) in Krka National Park

Background and Purpose: Spotted ash looper (Abraxas pantaria) is a forest present in Krka National Park, Croatia with occasional mass occurrence. The caterpillars of this pest have completely defoliated leaves of Narrow-leafed ash (Fraxinus angustifolia) in the upper flow of river Krka in the period from 2008–2010. We have researched the biology of spotted ash looper which is first comprehensive study of this pest in Croatia. Materials and Methods: The research of spotted ash looper included field trials through all the years and laboratory experiments. Caterpillars were reared and daily weighted in laboratory. Fresh and dry Narrow-leafed ash leaves have beenweighted and factor of drymatter in leaves defined. For each individual sex, moment of onset of particular larval instar, prepupa, pupa and butterfly was noted in order to identify the duration of each stage and possible differences. Duration of larval stages and consummation of food were analysed separately by gender. A total of 200 pupae of spotted ash looperwere transferred to the laboratory for the identification of natural enemies. Each pupa was placed in a separate glass tube and incubated in laboratory. Results and Conclusions: Our results show biology of this pest in Croatia. Caterpillars feed on Narrow-leafed ash and have not been found on Manna ash (Fraxinus ornus). They have moulted only 3 times and pass through 4 larval instars in laboratory conditions. Average caterpillars of 4th larval instar gained their maximum growth on the 4th day from the beginning of that stage andmaximumweight on the 8th day, three days before entering the prepupal stage. The difference betweenmales and females starts to develop during the 4th larval instar when females consume significantly more food, gain significantly more weight and form significantly heavier pupae. The average 4th larval instar consumes between 0.3329 and 0.3673 g of fresh leaf. Research shows that number of pupae diapauses during the winter,while some of themhave no diapause. This indicates that the pest has at least two generations a year, which was also shown by observations in the field. Pathogen fungus Beauveria bassiana, parasitoids Pales pavida, Cratichneumon cf. fabricator F. and unidentified species from the genus Coelichneumon were natural enemies found in pupae. Beauveria bassiana as a pupal pathogen plays an important role as the most important natural enemy and the existence of its alternative host, ash weevil (Stereonychus fraxini)which occupies the same overwintering niche is also important

Evolution of a Protestant Theology Institution in Croatia: from Private Church College to University Center

The focus of this case study is the Faculty of Theology “Matthias Flacius Illyricus” (Teološki fakultet “Matija Vlačić Ilirik” – TFMVI) in Zagreb, founded by two minority religious communities: the Lutheran Church and the Baptist Union. The authors’ premise is that by examining over forty years of the institution’s existence, prominent trends and attitudes can be identified that continue to shape the interaction between churches and the state within Croatian society, where the Roman Catholic Church represents the overwhelming majority. The authors begin with a historical overview of the position of churches under the Communist regime in Yugoslavia, with particular emphasis on the situation of Protestant churches. They then present the circumstances that facilitated the establishment of TFMVI in the 1970s, the challenges faced during its early stages, and the revitalization process in the 2000s, during Croatia’s transitional period as an independent state on the path to its European integration. The paper further discusses the impact of the new legislation on institutions of higher education, which placed TFMVI in a precarious position, ultimately resolved through its gradual integration into the University of Zagreb. While its integration is not yet complete in all aspects, it has allowed the institution to survive by granting access to public funds. The study is based on documents from the TFMVI archive, along with other relevant primary sources and scholarly analyses of the religious landscape in contemporary Croatian society. The authors argue that TFMVI has challenged the state’s approach to churches and shed light on the ambiguity in the stance of the state and public services towards the activities of an institution affiliated with minority religious communities

Two Protestants, Three Churches: Croatian Protestantism: Churches, Denominations, and Theological Institutions

Using the existing data from the national census (2011 and 2021) and other available data sources, the authors present Croatian Protestantism on the national level as a fragmented minority. In search for possible historic reasons for this fragmentized mode of existence, they proceed with an overview of Protestant presence in the Croatian lands, starting from the early adoption of Protestant ideas, eradicated by the Catholic Counter-Reformation up to the ghettoization of the Protestant congregations during the Communist era (late 20th century). The establishment of an independent Croatian state and the subsequent war proved to be a significant turning point for the Croatian Protestants, although most of them had no tradition of socio-political engagement and were therefore ill-prepared for the profound changes that followed. The fostering of a common Protestant identity was to a certain extent, as the authors argue, encouraged by the signing of contracts with the Croatian government that provided a legislative framework for the existence of various Protestant denominations. The contracts also secured minimal financial support and allowed their access to the public arena. Apart from that, impulses towards a clearer articulation of their own confessional identity usually did not result in pro-active investment in the contextual expression of individual denominational identities as part of a broader Protestant identity. Furthermore, the relationship with the majority Church – the Roman Catholic Church – still presents a major challenge for many Protestant churches. Although there are examples of earnest cooperation, this ecumenical communion remains a serious challenge, especially in the light of the fact that some groups continue to maintain a very exclusivist attitude towards the majority Church. As for the divisive issues in the contemporary Croatian society, the Protestant churches either ignore them or comply uncritically with the stance of one of the polarized parties. Finally, the present condition of Protestant theological institutions shows that a non-systematic approach to their development needs to be adjusted if the existing theological potential is to be unlocked for the benefit of Protestant churches and their integration into the Croatian society

Kulturalna inteligencija: ključna inteligencija 21. stoljeća? Validacija CQS instrumenata

Since no empirical research regarding cultural intelligence has yet been done in Croatia, the objective of this paper is to determine the basic metric characteristics of the Cultural Intelligence Scale – CQS by Van Dyne et al. (2008), as well as the applicability in research on a sample of N=144 subjects, namely, students attending schools of foreign languages from three different countries: Croatia, Ireland and Serbia. The reliability of the scale was verified using the Cronbach alpha coefficient, while the validity was assessed by factor analysis. The results of the study show the cultural intelligence of the subjects through four factor dimensions, like in the original instrument, but with different factor loadings. Thus, the Cultural Intelligence Scale is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring cultural intelligence with the possibility of practical application on different subject samples.Kako u Hrvatskoj nisu provedena empirijska istraživanja o kulturnoj inteligenciji, cilj ovoga rada bio je utvrditi temeljne metrijske karakteristike instrumenta Cultural Intelligence Scale – CQS (Skala kulturalne inteligencije) autora Van Dyne, L., Ang, S. i Koh, C. (2008), i njegovu prikladnost za istraživanje na prigodnom uzorku od N=144 ispitanika iz tri države: Hrvatske, Irske i Srbije, polaznika škola stranih jezika. Pouzdanost ljestvice provjerena je primjenom Cronbach alfa koeficijenta, a valjanost je testirana faktorskom analizom. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju kulturnu inteligenciju ispitanika kroz četiri izlučene faktorske dimenzije jednako kao u originalnom instrumentu, ali različitih faktorskih opterećenja. Dakle, Cultural Intelligence Scale pouzdan je i valjan instrument za mjerenje kulturalne inteligencije s velikom mogućnošću praktične primjene na različitim uzorcima ispitanika

Laparoskopija u preventivnoj citoredukciji i HIPEC-u kod tipa II LAMN-a (prikaz serije slučaja te pregled literature)

Open cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is still considered the golden standard of treatment, but for well-selected patients, minimally invasive surgery is showing promising results in reducing overall morbidity and hospital stay with no apparent consequences on long-term outcomes. One area where minimally invasive modalities bring evident benefits is risk-reducing CRS plus HIPEC where usually the overall bulk of resections being made are procedures where laparoscopy already is the golden standard of treatment. We present a case series of three patients with type II low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) who, after reviewing the pathological and radiological findings, were selected for risk-reducing laparoscopic CRS and HIPEC. One of the patients was converted to open surgery due to discrepancies between the intraoperative findings and the preoperative radiological assessment. The median follow-up was 17 months with no recurrence found. A review of the Pubmed database was performed and was in congruence with our experience: The role of laparoscopic CRS plus HIPEC in well selected patients surpasses diagnostic or palliative purposes and is an important option especially when speaking about risk reducing surgeries with several benefits concerning morbidity and noninferiority in long-term oncological outcomes.Kad je riječ o citoredukciji i HIPEC-u, otvorena kirurgija se još uvijek smatra zlatnim standardom liječenja. Za dobro selekcionirane pacijente minimalno invazivna kirurgija ipak pokazuje obećavajuće rezultate uz smanjenje morbiditeta i dužine hospitalizacije te bez očitih negativnih posljedica na dugoročne onkološke ishode. Područje gdje su prednosti laparoskopije posebno uočljive su preventivni zahvati u liječenju tipa II mucinoznih neoplazmi apendiksa niskog gradusa gdje opseg kirurškog zahvata obično uključuje procedure u kojima je zlatni standard ionako minimalno invazivna kirurgija. U ovom radu prikazujemo seriju od tri pacijenta gdje je korištena preventivna laparoskopska citoreduktivna kirurgija te HIPEC pri čemu je u jednog pacijenta zahvat konvertiran u otvoreni zbog diskrepance između preoperativnog radiološkog nalaza te intraoperativnog stanja. Median postoperativnog praćenja je 17 mjeseci bez nađene progresije bolesti. Učinjeni pregled literature slaže se s našim iskustvom: uloga laparoskopije kod citoredukcije i HIPEC-a u dobro selekcioniranih pacijenta nadilazi dijagnostičke i palijativne mogućnosti i važan je modalitet liječenja osobito kod preventivnih zahvata s jasnim benefitima vezanim za morbiditet pacijenata te bez razlike u dugotrajnim onkološkim ishodima u usporedbi s otvorenom kirurgijom