Multi-host lifestyle in plant-beneficial bacteria: an evolutionary advantage for survival and dispersal?

Plants harbour a wide diversity of microorganisms that efficiently colonize different internal and external plant organs and compartments, including the phyllosphere (above-ground plant surface), spermosphere (seeds and area surrounding seeds), endosphere (internal tissues) and rhizosphere (roots and soil in the vicinity of plant roots), establishing complex and dynamic interactions with the host plants (Trivedi et al., 2020). The plant microbiome plays major roles in the nutrition, growth and resistance against biotic and abiotic threats (Trivedi et al., 2020; Bakker and Berendsen, 2022; Yuan et al., 2022) and there is complex communication between microorganisms and their plant hosts (Berlanga- Clavero et al., 2020; Rico-Jiménez et al., 2022). Indeed, the secretion of a great variety of plant compounds directs the assembly of plant-associated microbial communities and it has been proposed that plants produce a range of chemical signals to selectively recruit specific microorganisms in order to assemble protective microbiomes that enable them to cope with the imposed biotic and abiotic stresses (Rizaludin et al., 2021; Rolli et al., 2021; Trivedi et al., 2022). As a consequence of this selective pressure exerted by the plants, the microbial composition of the rhizosphere and the non-rooted bulk soil differ – with the rhizosphere having a larger microbial abundance but lower diversity (Berlanga- Clavero et al., 2020; Sokol et al., 2022).Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation/Agencia Estatal de Investigacion PID2019-103972GA-I00 RYC2019-026481-

Estudio de la formación de complejos de la 4,5-diamino 3-metil-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6,-tetrahidropirimidina con cationes divalentes de la primera serie de transición

Se investiga la formación de complejos en disolución acuosa y medio hidroetanólico, del clorhidrato de la 4,S-diamino-3-metil-2,6-dioxo- 1, 2; 3, 6, tertahidropirimidina (LH2Cl) con cationes divalentes de la primera serie de transición por métodos potenciométricos conductimétricos y espectrofotométricos. Los datos potenciométricos o espectrofotométricos permiten determinar las constantes estequiométricas globales de formación de complejos con relaciones metal/ligando 1/ 1, 1/2 Y 1/3 a 2S.00±0.OS oC, 1=0. 1 M(KCl) y en atmósfera inerte (N2). De la mezcla Cu (I1)-LH2 Cl se aisla un sólido verde de aspecto rnicrocristalino. La caracterización de este compuesto por análisis elemental, espectroscopia IR, análisis térmico (TG, ATD), Y medidas magnéticas conduce a la fórmula CuLC12 *6H2.The formation of the complexes in aqueous solution and ethanolic medium, between the 4,S-diamine-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo- 1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyrirnidine hydrochloride and sorne bivalent ions of the rust row transitions elments, has been investigated by potentiometric, conductometric and spectrofotometric methods. The potentiometric or spectrofotometric data, allow to obtain the overall stoechiometric stability constants for :¡everal complexes with metal/ligand ratios 11 1 .. 1/2 and 1/3 at 2S.00±0.OS oC, 1=0. 1 M(KC1) in inert atmosphere (N2). From the Cu-LH2 Cl we have isolated a microcristaline green solido Ihe characterisation of this material by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis (TG, DTA) and magnetic measurements given the formula CuLC12*6H20

Degradación del 4,5-diamino-2,6-dioxo-3-metil-1,2,3,6-tetrahidropirimidina en disolución acuosa

The cinetic of the degradation process of the 4,5-diamine-2,6-dioxo-3-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahidropyrimidine has been studied in aqueous solution. The fmal product of the degradation process has been characterized by means of chemical analysis, espectrofotometry of mass, IR, NMR, suggests that tite formula corresponds to 1,6-dimethyl-2,4,7,9- tetrahidroxypyrimido-4,5, h pteridine.Se ha estudiado la cinética del proceso de degradación del 4,5-diamino-2,6-dioxo-3-metil-1,2,3,6-tetrahidropirimidina en disolución acuosa. El producto final del proceso de degradación se ha caracterizado mediante análisis químico, espectrofotometría de masas, IR y RMN, sugiriendo se para el, la fórmula correspondiente al 1 ,6-dimetil-2,4, 7 ,9-tetrahidroxipirimidina4,5, h-pteridina

Transversalidad de las técnicas de modelado matemático en Farmacia con la ayuda de una hoja de cálculo

The implementation of the EHEA in Pharmacy studies will lead to foster student self-learning. This way the student abilities to apply knowledge, learned in some subjects, to search knowledge in any other will be tested. Among such applicative knowledge, we can consider the mathematical modelling techniques, included in the field of Mathematics. This article draws attention to the usefulness of popular spreadsheets for Pharmacy students interested in the application of mathematical modelling techniques. Roughly speaking, a pharmacy student will probably have to perform mathematical calculations and experimental data visualizations, especially in the practice syllabus of some of his subjects. The use of software is important in this respect, not only in the learning step of the mathematical concepts in the corresponding math subject, but also in its application to other Pharmacy subjects. What application software can be chosen for the students? Although there are many candidates, a spreadsheet offers some capabilities that make it ideal for a Pharmacy student: short learning time, wide availability on different computer platforms and flexibility to carry out a variety of computational tasks. Finally, we present a Web page which provides self-learning material to Pharmacy students for harnessing the potential offered by the spreadsheets Excel (Microsoft Office) and Calc (OpenOffice.org) in the study of their subjects in Pharmacy.La implantación del EEES en las titulaciones en Farmacia va a significar la potenciación del autoaprendizaje por parte del alumno. Esto va a poner a prueba la capacidad de aplicar conocimientos adquiridos en unas materias, para entender y conocer otras. Entre dichos conocimientos, se encuentran las técnicas de modelado matemático, incluidas en el campo de las Matemáticas. El presente artículo reflexiona acerca de la utilidad de las populares hojas de cálculo como software dirigido al alumno. Un alumno de Farmacia, probablemente, tendrá que realizar cálculos matemáticos y representaciones gráficas con datos experimentales, muy especialmente en las prácticas de algunas de sus asignaturas. La utilización de un software es, en este sentido, especialmente importante, no sólo en la fase de aprendizaje de dichos conocimientos matemáticos en la correspondiente asignatura del título, sino a la hora de disponer de una herramienta que facilite su aplicación en otras. ¿Qué software podemos elegir para el alumno? A pesar de que existen multitud de candidatos, una hoja de cálculo reúne una serie de características que la hacen idónea para un alumno de Farmacia: corto tiempo de aprendizaje, amplia disponibilidad en distintas plataformas y flexibilidad para poder realizar una gran diversidad de tareas, entre otras propiedades. Finalmente, como ejemplo se presenta una página Web, http://www.ugr.es/~focana/farmaspreadsheet.htm, que facilita material para ayudar al alumno de Farmacia a aprovechar las posibilidades que ofrecen las hojas de cálculo Excel (Microsoft Office) y Calc (OpenOffice.org) en el estudio de sus asignaturas en Farmacia

N-carboxyrnethyl-D, L-threonine. Synthesis, acid properties and characterization in solid state

Se propone la síntesis de N-Carboximetil-D,L-Treonina (H2 CMT=H1 L) por condensación de D,L-treoninato y cloroacetato potásicos, desalinización parcial en medio neutro y posterior cambio iónico por resina catiónica en forma ácida. Rendimiento: 75%. El tratamiento mediante el programa HYPERQUAD de 238 datos potenciométricos de tres valoraciones de H2 CMT frente a KOH en KNO, O.IM a 25.00±0.05 oC y atmósfera inerte (N2 ) permite la determinación de las constantes de formación de sus especies protonadas, con las que se simula la curva de valoración. En estado sólido, el aminodiácido se caracteriza por su espectro IR y por análisis ténnico (TG-A TD).N-Carboxymethyl-D,L-threonine (H2 CMT=H2 L) was obtained by reaction of D,L threonine and chloroacetate in alkaline medium and followed by cation change with Amberlite IR-120(H) of the desalinized mother liquor. Yield: 75%. The treatment of 238 potentiometric data from three mixed solutions (H2 L +HCI) by HYPERQUAD program gives to log ,,=8.73(01), log 1 2 =1 1.22(01) and log 1.1=12.76(02) for the species HL-, H2 L and H. 1L' at 298°K, I=O.IM (KNO.1) and N2 inert atmosfere. These constants give a good simulation of the H2 L titration curve. The infrared spectra and TG-DT A data of H2 CMT are al so discussed on the basis of its zwitterionic structure

Altered striatal endocannabinoid signaling in a transgenic mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia type-3

Spinocerebellar ataxia type-3 (SCA-3) is the most prevalent autosomal dominant inherited ataxia. We recently found that the endocannabinoid system is altered in the post-mortem cerebellum of SCA-3 patients, and similar results were also found in the cerebellar and brainstem nuclei of a SCA-3 transgenic mouse model. Given that the neuropathology of SCA-3 is not restricted to these two brain regions but rather, it is also evident in other structures (e.g., the basal ganglia), we studied the possible changes to endocannabinoid signaling in the striatum of these transgenic mice. SCA-3 mutant mice suffer defects in motor coordination, balance and they have an abnormal gait, reflecting a cerebellar/brainstem neuropathology. However, they also show dystonia-like behavior (limb clasping) that may be related to the malfunction/deterioration of specific neurons in the striatum. Indeed, we found a loss of striatal projecting neurons in SCA-3 mutant mice, accompanied by a reduction in glial glutamate transporters that could potentially aggravate excitotoxic damage. In terms of endocannabinoid signaling, no changes in CB2 receptors were evident, yet an important reduction in CB1 receptors was detected by qPCR and immunostaining. The reduction in CB1 receptors was presumed to occur in striatal afferent and efferent neurons, also potentially aggravating excitotoxicity. We also measured the endocannabinoid lipids in the striatum and despite a marked increase in the FAAH enzyme in this area, no overall changes in these lipids were found. Collectively, these studies confirm that the striatal endocannabinoid system is altered in SCA-3 mutant mice, adding to the equivalent changes found in other strongly affected CNS structures in this type of ataxia (i.e.: the cerebellum and brainstem). These data open the way to search for drugs that might correct these changes.Funding: This study has been supported: (i) by MICINN (SAF2009-11847 and SAF2015-68580-C2-1-R), CIBERNED (CB06/05/0089) and “Fundación Eugenio Rodríguez Pascual”, to JFR; (ii) by the Research and Education Component of the Advancing a Healthier Wisconsin Endowment at the Medical College of Wisconsin, to CJH; and (iii) by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia through the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016818 (PTDC/NEU-NMC/3648/2014) and co-financed by the Portuguese North Regional Operational Program (ON.2 – O Novo Norte) under the National Strategic Reference Framework (QREN), through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), to PM. Carmen Rodríguez-Cueto was a predoctoral fellow supported by FPI Program-Ministry of Science. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

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