Metric multidimensional scaling for large single-cell datasets using neural networks

Metric multidimensional scaling is one of the classical methods for embedding data into low-dimensional Euclidean space. It creates the low-dimensional embedding by approximately preserving the pairwise distances between the input points. However, current state-of-the-art approaches only scale to a few thousand data points. For larger data sets such as those occurring in single-cell RNA sequencing experiments, the running time becomes prohibitively large and thus alternative methods such as PCA are widely used instead. Here, we propose a simple neural network-based approach for solving the metric multidimensional scaling problem that is orders of magnitude faster than previous state-of-the-art approaches, and hence scales to data sets with up to a few million cells. At the same time, it provides a non-linear mapping between high- and low-dimensional space that can place previously unseen cells in the same embedding

MANAGEMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Pacijenti s upalnim reumatskim bolestima, osobito s reumatoidnim artritisom (RA) imaju značajno povećani rizik za nastanak kardiovaskularnih (KV) bolesti u odnosu na opću populaciju. Ovo se osobito odnosi na povišeni rizik od infarkta miokarda i ishemijske bolesti srca. KV događaji i stope smrtnosti u RA veće su za 40-50 % u odnosu na opću populaciju, a rizik za ishemijsku bolest srca nešto je veći nego za moždani udar. Povećanje KV rizika u RA uzrokovano je kompleksnom sinergijom tradicionalnih i netradicionalnih faktora KV rizika, gdje upala izravnim ili neizravnim učincima na vaskularni sustav ima važnu ulogu i neovisni je čimbenik rizika. Pacijenti s jačom aktivnosti bolesti u RA imaju povećani rizik za razvoj srčanog zatajenja. Liječnici trebaju biti svjesni visokog KV rizika i osigurati dobar nadzor i liječenje KV bolesti u pacijenata s RA.Patients with infl ammatory rheumatic diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis (RA), have a signifi cantly increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease compared to the general population. This particularly refers to the increased risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease. CV events and mortality rate in RA are by 40%-50% higher as compared with general population and the risk of ischemic heart disease is slightly higher than that of stroke. The risk increase in RA is initiated by a complex interaction between traditional and non-traditional factors of CV risk, where infl ammation, through direct or indirect harmful effects on vascular system, plays an important role. The infl ammation in RA is crucial for the development of CV risk and is an independent risk factor for the increased incidence of CV diseases. Patients having stronger disease activity in RA have an increased risk of developing heart failure. Doctors of medicine should be aware of the high CV risk and provide good control and treatment of CV diseases in RA patients

Water for all : Proceedings of the 7th international scientific and professional conference Water for all

The 7th International Scientific and Professional Conference Water for all is organized to honour the World Water Day by the Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, European Hygienic Engineering & Design Group (EHEDG), Danube Parks, Croatian Food Agency, Croatian Water, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek, Faculty of Civil Engineering Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Department of Chemistry, Nature Park “Kopački rit”, Osijek- Baranja County, Public Health Institute of the Osijek- Baranja County and „Vodovod-Osijek“ -water supply company in Osijek. The topic of World Water Day 2017 was "Wastewater" emphasizing the importance and influence of wastewater treatments on global environment. The international scientific and professional conference Water for all is a gathering of scientists and experts in the field of water management, including chemists, biologists, civil and agriculture engineers, with a goal to remind people about the significance of fresh water and to promote an interdisciplinary approach and sustainability for fresh water resource management. The Conference has been held since 2011. About 300 scientists and engineers submitted 95 abstracts to the 7th International Scientific and Professional Conference Water for all, out of which 33 was presented orally and 62 as posters. 47 full papers were accepted by the Scientific Committee. 38 full papers became the part of the this Proceedings while 9 papers were accepted for publication in Croatian Journal of Food Science and Technology and Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Civil Engineering Osijek - e-GFOS

Stable population structure in Europe since the Iron Age, despite high mobility

Ancient DNA research in the past decade has revealed that European population structure changed dramatically in the prehistoric period (14,000–3000 years before present, YBP), reflecting the widespread introduction of Neolithic farmer and Bronze Age Steppe ancestries. However, little is known about how population structure changed from the historical period onward (3000 YBP - present). To address this, we collected whole genomes from 204 individuals from Europe and the Mediterranean, many of which are the first historical period genomes from their region (e.g. Armenia and France). We found that most regions show remarkable inter-individual heterogeneity. At least 7% of historical individuals carry ancestry uncommon in the region where they were sampled, some indicating cross-Mediterranean contacts. Despite this high level of mobility, overall population structure across western Eurasia is relatively stable through the historical period up to the present, mirroring geography. We show that, under standard population genetics models with local panmixia, the observed level of dispersal would lead to a collapse of population structure. Persistent population structure thus suggests a lower effective migration rate than indicated by the observed dispersal. We hypothesize that this phenomenon can be explained by extensive transient dispersal arising from drastically improved transportation networks and the Roman Empire’s mobilization of people for trade, labor, and military. This work highlights the utility of ancient DNA in elucidating finer scale human population dynamics in recent history

Assessment of location and anatomical characteristics of lingual foramen using cone beam computed tomography

Background/Aim. A lingual foramen (LF) is a small opening on the lingual surface of the mandible, most frequently located in the middle of the anterior part of the mandible, and shows significant variations in its location, size, and number. The aim of this study was to assess the location and anatomical characteristics of LF using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods. The research was designed as a retrospective study in which 99 CBCT scans were analyzed. The analysis covered the number of LF, their location concerning the teeth and the mandibular region itself, diameter, distance from the alveolar ridge crest, distance from the inferior border of the mandible, distance from the tooth apex, and position in relation to the tooth apex. Results. The average frequency of LF per patient was 2.4 ± 1.2. The largest number of LF were localized in the region of lower central incisors. Out of the total number of LF, 82.5% belonged to median LF, while 17.5% belonged to lateral LF. In 63.2% of cases, LF had a diameter of ≤ 1 mm, whereas, in 98.3% of cases, it was localized below the tooth apex. There was a statistically significant difference in the distance of LF from the alveolar ridge crest and the LF diameter in relation to gender (p = 0.019; p = 0.008). Conclusion. LF can be reliably localized and visualized using CBCT. It is recommended that CBCT scanning of the mandible be used while planning an oral surgical procedure and implant placement in order to prevent injuries of the neurovascular bundle, which passes through LF

Metric multidimensional scaling for large single-cell datasets using neural networks

Abstract Metric multidimensional scaling is one of the classical methods for embedding data into low-dimensional Euclidean space. It creates the low-dimensional embedding by approximately preserving the pairwise distances between the input points. However, current state-of-the-art approaches only scale to a few thousand data points. For larger data sets such as those occurring in single-cell RNA sequencing experiments, the running time becomes prohibitively large and thus alternative methods such as PCA are widely used instead. Here, we propose a simple neural network-based approach for solving the metric multidimensional scaling problem that is orders of magnitude faster than previous state-of-the-art approaches, and hence scales to data sets with up to a few million cells. At the same time, it provides a non-linear mapping between high- and low-dimensional space that can place previously unseen cells in the same embedding

Студија - Београд_Корак ка политици здравог града [IX Међународни салон пејзажне архитектуре]

Studija "BEOGRAD KORAK KA POLITICI ZDRAVOG GRADA" je rezultat rada studenata Arhitektonskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu na predmetu Politike urbanog razvoja, školske 2020/ 2021. godine. Rad je usmeren ka boljem razumevanju politika urbanog razvoja kao dela savremenih napora na polju povezivanja, planiranja izgradnje sa realnim izvorima finansiranja, koji su utvrđeni merama, kako UN i EU politika, tako i Strategijom održivog urbanog razvoja Republike Srbije do 2030. godine i lokalnim politikama urbanog razvoja. Studija je namenjena transparentnom predstavljanju projekata urbanog razvoja, koje grad Beograd realizuje u sa radnji sa međunarodnim programima i bankama, uz podršku nacionalnih institucija, gradske uprave, organizacija i ustanova, nevladinih organizacija. U okviru studije, dat je mogući model za prikazivanje, praćenje realizacije i evaluacije projekata od značaja za urbani razvoj Beograda i/ili urbanih naselja u Srbiji. Ovaj model predstavlja i nov način sticanja znanja, uvođenja inovacija i podsticanje razvoja platforme za eksperiment u okviru visokog obrazovanja arhitekata i urbanista, uz podršku stručnjaka iz prakse

7th International ConferenceThe Future of Information Sciences INFuture2019: Knowledge in the Digital Age

This is the seventh publication in the series of biennial international conferences, The Future of Information Sciences (INFuture) organised by the Department of Information and Communication Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb. Since its beginnings twelve years ago, the INFuture conference has been providing a platform for discussing both theoretical and practical issues in information organization and information integration through the explorations of how developments in information and communication technology influence the future of the field of information sciences. Education and research in information sciences and its interdisciplinary scope and application is of particular interest to this conference which is aimed at researchers and professionals from the broad field of information and communication sciences and related professions. The title of this year's conference is INFuture2019: Knowledge in the Digital Age. The conference explores the influence the information and communication sciences have on the society as a whole.The INFuture2019 conference consists of 26 papers from 58 authors from nine countries -Austria, Croatia, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Slovenia, South Korea, Sweden and United States