5,444 research outputs found
Vector boson production in association with KK modes of the ADD model to NLO in QCD at LHC
Next-to-leading order QCD corrections to the associated production of vector
boson (Z/W) with the the Kaluza-Klein modes of the graviton in large extra
dimensional model at the LHC, are presented. We have obtained various kinematic
distributions using a Monte Carlo code which is based on the two cut off phase
space slicing method that handles soft and collinear singularities appearing at
NLO level. We estimate the impact of the QCD corrections on various observables
and find that they are significant. We also show the reduction in factorization
scale uncertainty when QCD corrections are included.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure
Direct vs. indirect optical recombination in Ge films grown on Si substrates
The optical emission spectra from Ge films on Si are markedly different from
their bulk Ge counterparts. Whereas bulk Ge emission is dominated by the
material's indirect gap, the photoluminescence signal from Ge films is mainly
associated with its direct band gap. Using a new class of Ge-on-Si films grown
by a recently introduced CVD approach, we study the direct and indirect
photoluminescence from intrinsic and doped samples and we conclude that the
origin of the discrepancy is the lack of self-absorption in thin Ge films
combined with a deviation from quasi-equilibrium conditions in the conduction
band. The latter is confirmed by a simple model suggesting that the deviation
from quasi-equilibrium is caused by the much shorter recombination lifetime in
the films relative to bulk Ge
Model Independent Primordial Power Spectrum from Maxima, Boomerang, and DASI Data
A model-independent determination of the primordial power spectrum of matter
density fluctuations could uniquely probe physics of the very early universe,
and provide powerful constraints on inflationary models. We parametrize the
primordial power spectrum as an arbitrary function, and deduce its
binned amplitude from the cosmic microwave background radiation anisotropy
(CMB) measurements of Maxima, Boomerang, and DASI. We find that for a flat
universe with (scale-invariant) for scales h/Mpc, the
primordial power spectrum is marginally consistent with a scale-invariant
Harrison-Zeldovich spectrum. However, we deduce a rise in power compared to a
scale-invariant power spectrum for 0.001 h/{Mpc} \la k \la 0.01 h/{Mpc}. Our
results are consistent with large-scale structure data, and seem to suggest
that the current observational data allow for the possibility of unusual
physics in the very early universe.Comment: substantially revised and final version, accepted by Ap
Gamma ray constraints on the Galactic supernova rate
We perform Monte Carlo simulations of the expected gamma ray signatures of Galactic supernovae of all types to estimate the significance of the lack of a gamma ray signal due to supernovae occurring during the last millenium. Using recent estimates of the nuclear yields, we determine mean Galactic supernova rates consistent with the historic supernova record and the gamma ray limits. Another objective of these calculations of Galactic supernova histories is their application to surveys of diffuse Galactic gamma ray line emission
Early Star Formation, Nucleosynthesis, and Chemical Evolution in Proto-Galactic Clouds
We present numerical simulations to describe the nucleosynthesis and
evolution of pre-Galactic clouds in a model which is motivated by cold dark
matter simulations of hierarchical galaxy formation. We adopt a SN-induced
star-formation mechanism and follow the chemical enrichment and energy input by
Type II and Type Ia SNe. We utilize metallicity-dependent yields and include
finite stellar lifetimes. We derive the metallicity distribution functions, the
age-metallicity relation, and relative elemental abundances for a number of
alpha- and Fe-group elements. We find that the dispersion of the metallicity
distribution function of the outer halo is reproduced by contributions from
clouds with different initial conditions. Clouds with initial masses greater
than that of present globular clusters are found to survive the first 0.1 Gyr,
suggesting that such systems may have contributed to the formation of the first
stars, and could have been self-enriched. More massive clouds are only stable
when one assumes an initial mass function that is not biased towards massive
stars. The predicted relative abundances of some alpha- and Fe-group elements
show good agreement with the observed values down to metallicities below [Fe/H]
= -4 when the iron yields are reduced relative to stellar models. The observed
scatter is also reproduced for many elements including the observed bifurcation
in [alpha/Fe] for stars with low [Fe/H]. However, the predicted dispersion may
be too large for some alpha elements unless a limited range of progenitor
masses is assumed. The results suggest that the low-mass SNeII were absent at
the very low metallicities, and that the upper mass limit for the first stars
that contributed to nucleosynthesis may be < 40 solar masses.Comment: 20 pages, 16 figures, Accepted for publication in J. Phys.
Gamma ray constraints on the galactic supernova rate
Monte Carlo simulations of the expected gamma-ray signatures of galactic supernovae of all types are performed in order to estimate the significance of the lack of a gamma-ray signal due to supernovae occurring during the last millenium. Using recent estimates of nuclear yields, we determine galactic supernova rates consistent with the historic supernova record and the gamma-ray limits. Another objective of these calculations of galactic supernova histories is their application to surveys of diffuse galactic gamma-ray line emission
Late Decaying Dark Matter, Bulk Viscosity and the Cosmic Acceleration
We discuss a cosmology in which cold dark matter begins to decay into
relativistic particles at a recent epoch (z < 1). We show that the large
entropy production and associated bulk viscosity from such decays leads to an
accelerating cosmology as required by observations. We investigate the effects
of decaying cold dark matter in a Lambda = 0, flat, initially matter dominated
cosmology. We show that this model satisfies the cosmological constraint from
the redshift-distance relation for type Ia supernovae. The age in such models
is also consistent with the constraints from the oldest stars and globular
clusters. Possible candidates for this late decaying dark matter are suggested
along with additional observational tests of this cosmological paradigm.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl
Bulk Viscosity, Decaying Dark Matter, and the Cosmic Acceleration
We discuss a cosmology in which cold dark-matter particles decay into
relativistic particles. We argue that such decays could lead naturally to a
bulk viscosity in the cosmic fluid. For decay lifetimes comparable to the
present hubble age, this bulk viscosity enters the cosmic energy equation as an
effective negative pressure. We investigate whether this negative pressure is
of sufficient magnitude to account fo the observed cosmic acceleration. We show
that a single decaying species in a flat, dark-matter dominated cosmology
without a cosmological constant cannot reproduce the observed
magnitude-redshift relation from Type Ia supernovae. However, a delayed bulk
viscosity, possibly due to a cascade of decaying particles may be able to
account for a significant fraction of the apparent cosmic acceleration.
Possible candidate nonrelativistic particles for this scenario include sterile
neutrinos or gauge-mediated decaying supersymmetric particles.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Spitzer Observations of Transient, Extended Dust in Two Elliptical Galaxies: New Evidence of Recent Feedback Energy Release in Galactic Cores
Spitzer observations of extended dust in two optically normal elliptical
galaxies provide a new confirmation of buoyant feedback outflow in the hot gas
atmospheres around these galaxies. AGN feedback energy is required to prevent
wholesale cooling and star formation in these group-centered galaxies. In NGC
5044 we observe interstellar (presumably PAH) emission at 8 microns out to
about 5 kpc. Both NGC 5044 and 4636 have extended 70 microns emission from cold
dust exceeding that expected from stellar mass loss. The sputtering lifetime of
this extended dust in the ~1keV interstellar gas, ~10^7 yrs, establishes the
time when the dust first entered the hot gas. Evidently the extended dust
originated in dusty disks or clouds, commonly observed in elliptical galaxy
cores, that were disrupted, heated and buoyantly transported outward. The
surviving central dust in NGC 5044 and 4636 has been disrupted into many small
filaments. It is remarkable that the asymmetrically extended 8 micron emission
in NGC 5044 is spatially coincident with Halpha+[NII] emission from warm gas. A
calculation shows that dust-assisted cooling in buoyant hot gas moving out from
the galactic core can cool within a few kpc in about ~10^7 yrs, explaining the
optical line emission observed. The X-ray images of both galaxies are
disturbed. All timescales for transient activity - restoration of equilibrium
and buoyant transport in the hot gas, dynamics of surviving dust fragments, and
dust sputtering - are consistent with a central release of feedback energy in
both galaxies about 10^7 yrs ago.Comment: 13 pages. Accepted by ApJ; minor typos correcte
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