9,775 research outputs found
Externalities revisited: the use of an environmental equity account
This exploratory paper attempts to restart a debate about the incorporation of environmental
externalities into the cost structure of the organisation. A number approaches are considered;
regulation together with all that would follow such as audit and policing; pollution permits, which
probably can only be used with a sinking lid application; and other charging mechanisms such as
making the private sector pay for public sector capital funding. The fourth alternative, the use of an
environmental equity account, has not been widely considered in the literature.
The paper proposes the use of an environmental equity account (after Boone and Rubenstein,
1997) with the express intent of generating a charge for environmental impact based on the cost of
control. That is, the cost of implementing state of the art technology compared to that currently in
use within the organisation, is used as a balance which may be either paid as a capital sum or
carried as a balance sheet entry upon which dividend payments would have to be made. It is
envisaged that both capital sums and dividend payments would go to an agency responsible for
environmental remediation activity
Vector boson production in association with KK modes of the ADD model to NLO in QCD at LHC
Next-to-leading order QCD corrections to the associated production of vector
boson (Z/W) with the the Kaluza-Klein modes of the graviton in large extra
dimensional model at the LHC, are presented. We have obtained various kinematic
distributions using a Monte Carlo code which is based on the two cut off phase
space slicing method that handles soft and collinear singularities appearing at
NLO level. We estimate the impact of the QCD corrections on various observables
and find that they are significant. We also show the reduction in factorization
scale uncertainty when QCD corrections are included.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure
Absence of a Lower Limit on Omega_b in Inhomogeneous Primordial Nucleosynthesis
We show that a class of inhomogeneous big bang nucleosynthesis models exist
which yield light-element abundances in agreement with observational
constraints for baryon-to-photon ratios significantly smaller than those
inferred from standard homogeneous big bang nucleosynthesis (HBBN). These
inhomogeneous nucleosynthesis models are characterized by a bimodal
distribution of baryons in which some regions have a local baryon-to-photon
ratio eta=3*10e-10, while the remaining regions are baryon-depleted. HBBN
scenarios with primordial (2H+3He)/H<9*10e-5 necessarily require that most
baryons be in a dark or non-luminous form, although new observations of a
possible high deuterium abundance in Lyman-alpha clouds may relax this
requirement somewhat. The models described here present another way to relax
this requirement and can even eliminate any lower bound on the baryon-to-photon
ratio.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures (available upon request by email), plain te
Stocking, Enhancement, and Mariculture of Penaeus orientalis and Other Species in Shanghai and Zhejiang Provinces, China
China's marine aquaculture landings provide only 18% of its combined freshwater and amrine capture and culture landings, at a per-capita consumption of only 3.2 kg/yr out of a total of 18.1 kg/yr. We described development and some of the results of long-term mariculture and stocking/enhancement projects that have been underway for up to 20 years in the Hangzhou Bay area. Penaeus orientalis (also referred to as P. chinensis) stocking provided up to 400 t/yr, at a total cost-benefit ratio of up to 8 Yuan of landed shrimp per Yuan invested in shrimp stocking. Over 40 t of Penaeus orientalis were produced commercially in 1993, with proceeds being used to fund mariculture and fisheries research. Large scale edible jellyfish restocking is also underway, while semicommercial culture of abalone, Haliotis diversicolor, has been successful. Technical problems limitig mariculture have been solved successfully for some species
Development of electrical test procedures for qualification of spacecraft against EID. Volume 2: Review and specification of test procedures
A combined experimental and analytical program to develop system electrical test procedures for the qualification of spacecraft against damage produced by space-electron-induced discharges (EID) occurring on spacecraft dielectric outer surfaces is described. A review and critical evaluation of possible approaches to qualify spacecraft against space electron-induced discharges (EID) is presented. A variety of possible schemes to simulate EID electromagnetic effects produced in spacecraft was studied. These techniques form the principal element of a provisional, recommended set of test procedures for the EID qualification spacecraft. Significant gaps in our knowledge about EID which impact the final specification of an electrical test to qualify spacecraft against EID are also identified
Enhanced Heavy-Element Formation in Baryon-Inhomogeneous Big-Bang Models
We show that primordial nucleosynthesis in baryon inhomogeneous big-bang
models can lead to significant heavy-element production while still satisfying
all the light-element abundance constraints including the low lithium abundance
observed in population II stars. The parameters which admit this solution arise
naturally from the process of neutrino induced inflation of baryon
inhomogeneities prior to the epoch of nucleosynthesis. These solutions entail a
small fraction of baryons (\le 2\%) in very high density regions with local
baryon-to-photon ratio , while most baryons are at a
baryon-to-photon ratio which optimizes the agreement with light-element
abundances. The model would imply a unique signature of baryon inhomogeneities
in the early universe, evidenced by the existence of primordial material
containing heavy-element products of proton and alpha- burning reactions with
an abundance of .Comment: 19 pages in plain Tex, 5 figures (not included) available by fax or
mail upon request, ApJ in press, L
Unparticle effects in rare (t -> c g g) decay
Rare (t -> c g g) decay can only appear at loop level in the Standard Model
(SM), and naturally they are strongly suppressed. These flavor changing decays
induced by the mediation of spin-0 and spin-2 unparticles, can appear at tree
level in unparticle physics. In this work the virtual effects of unparticle
physics in the flavor-changing (t -> c g g) decay is studied. Using the SM
result for the branching ratio of the (t -> c g g) decay, the parameter space
of d_U and Lambda_U, where the branching ratio of this decay exceeds the one
predicted by the SM, is obtained. Measurement of the branching ratio larger
than 10^(-9) can give valuable information for establishing unparticle physics.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, LaTeX formatte
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