Enfoque de agrupamiento para generar grupos de patrones de tráfico peatonal: un análisis exploratorio

This study shows the development of patterns of temporal hourly volume distributions in an urban area in Costa Rica, based on a cluster analysis of pedestrian data. This study aims to establish specific pattern groups for the temporal variation of weekday pedestrian volumes applying cluster analysis in the central business district of Guadalupe in San José. For 46 counting sites, vectors with the weekday hourly factors, the proportion of the daily pedestrian traffic, were estimated. A hierarchical cluster method was implemented to group the vectors of hourly factors from the different counting sites. This method groups elements by minimizing the Euclidean distance between elements of the same group and, at the same time, maximizing the distances from elements of other groups. In addition, the groups found through this analysis are related to land use through buffers of different radios. Eight temporal pattern groups were obtained through cluster analysis. Two pattern groups account for more than two-thirds of the sites included in the study. Fisher’s exact independence test shows that banks and public services could explain some of the patterns observed. The classification of 46 counting sites based on temporal distribution patterns, and the relation with the establishments in the area, allows a simplification of the information and facilitates an understanding of the pedestrian mobility in the area. Further research is required that leads towards geographical elements that could explain the differences in temporal and mobility patterns.El presente estudio muestra el desarrollo de patrones de distribuciones temporales de volumen por hora en un área urbana de Costa Rica con base en un análisis de grupos de datos de peatones. Este estudio tiene como objetivo establecer grupos de patrones específicos para la variación temporal de los volúmenes de peatones entre semana mediante la aplicación del análisis de grupos en el distrito comercial central de Guadalupe en San José. Para 46 sitios de conteo, se estimaron los vectores con los factores horarios del día de la semana y la proporción del tráfico peatonal diario. Se implementó un método de agrupamiento jerárquico para los vectores de factores horarios de los sitios de conteo; este método agrupa elementos minimizando la distancia euclidiana entre elementos del mismo grupo mientras maximiza las distancias con elementos de otros grupos. Los grupos encontrados a través de este análisis están relacionados con el uso del suelo a través de búferes de diferentes radios. Se obtuvieron ocho grupos de patrones temporales mediante análisis de grupos; dos de estos representan más de dos tercios de los sitios incluidos en el estudio. La prueba de independencia exacta de Fisher muestra que los bancos y los servicios públicos podrían dar cuenta de algunos de los patrones observados. Esta clasificación permite una simplificación de la información y facilita la comprensión de la movilidad peatonal en la zona. En este sentido, se requieren más investigaciones que conduzcan a elementos geográficos que podrían explicar diferencias en los patrones temporales y de movilidad

Degradation pathways of emerging contaminants using TiO2-activated carbon heterostructures in aqueous solution under simulated solar light

This work deals with the degradation of three emerging contaminants (acetaminophen, ibuprofen and antipyrine) in water under simulated solar light using different catalysts of TiO2/activated carbon heterostructures. The heterostructures, based on anatase phase, were successfully synthesized following three different methods (solvothermal, microwave-assisted and sol-gel), using lignin as carbon precursor. The sol-gel photocatalyst only yielded 50% conversion of acetaminophen and a low mineralization (15%), probably due to the higher crystal and particle size and lower surface area of this heterostructure, as a consequence of the higher temperature reached during the heat-treatment included in this synthesis route to achieve anatase crystallization. In contrast, the heterostructure prepared by the microwave-assisted procedure achieved complete conversion after 6 h of reaction. Regarding the contaminants, ibuprofen was the most easily removed, requiring 3 h for complete disappearance, while antipyrine showed the highest resistance to photodegradation, not being completely removed after 6 h. The photocatalytic performance was also evaluated for a mixture of these three pharmaceuticals at different initial pH. The fastest and highest mineralization (ca. 50%) occurred around neutral pH. The study proposes the oxidation degradation pathways of the three pharmaceuticals under solar-simulated irradiation from the analysis of the reaction intermediatesThe authors acknowledge the financial support from Spanish MINECO (project CTQ2016-78576-R). M. Peñas-Garzón thanks Spanish MECD for FPU16/00576 grant. Authors thank the Research Support Services of the University of Extremadura (SAIUEx) for its technical and scientific suppor

Mixed Ti-Zr metal-organic-frameworks for the photodegradation of acetaminophen under solar irradiation

Mixed Ti-Zr metal-organic-frameworks (MOFs)have been synthesized and tested as photocatalysts under solar-simulated radiation using acetaminophen (ACE)as target pollutant. These materials were obtained upon partial substitution of Ti by Zr atoms in the crystalline structure of NH2-MIL-125(Ti)MOF. The effect of the Ti:Zr molar ratio on their characteristics and catalytic behaviour has been analysed. Materials with high Zr relative amount (60–80%)showed amorphous structure and low solar-photocatalytic activity. In contrast, lower Zr proportions resulted in new MOFs with well-defined crystalline structure and high activity for the solar photocatalytic degradation of ACE, even higher than that of the bare Ti MOF. Results with scavengers allowed concluding that O2[rad]− radicals are the main reactive species, although photogenerated [rad]OH radicals and electrons also contribute to the degradation. The stability of the most active photocatalyst was confirmed upon three successive runsThe authors acknowledge the financial support from Spanish MINECO (project CTQ2016-78576-R). M. Peñas-Garzón thanks Spanish MECD for FPU16/00576 grant. Authors thank the Research Support Services of the University of Extremadura (SAIUEx) for its technical and scientific support. We also thank to Dr. Juan Cabanillas for his help with PL measurement

Colombian consensus recommendations for diagnosis, management and treatment of the infection by SARS-COV-2/ COVID-19 in health care facilities - Recommendations from expert´s group based and informed on evidence

La Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN) y el Instituto de Evaluación de Nuevas Tecnologías de la Salud (IETS) conformó un grupo de trabajo para desarrollar recomendaciones informadas y basadas en evidencia, por consenso de expertos para la atención, diagnóstico y manejo de casos de Covid 19. Estas guías son dirigidas al personal de salud y buscar dar recomendaciones en los ámbitos de la atención en salud de los casos de Covid-19, en el contexto nacional de Colombia

Enfoque de agrupamiento para generar grupos de patrones de tráfico peatonal: un análisis exploratorio

This study shows the development of patterns of temporal hourly volume distributions in an urban area in Costa Rica, based on a cluster analysis of pedestrian data. This study aims to establish specific pattern groups for the temporal variation of weekday pedestrian volumes applying cluster analysis in the central business district of Guadalupe in San José. For 46 counting sites, vectors with the weekday hourly factors, the proportion of the daily pedestrian traffic, were estimated. A hierarchical cluster method was implemented to group the vectors of hourly factors from the different counting sites. This method groups elements by minimizing the Euclidean distance between elements of the same group and, at the same time, maximizing the distances from elements of other groups. In addition, the groups found through this analysis are related to land use through buffers of different radios. Eight temporal pattern groups were obtained through cluster analysis. Two pattern groups account for more than two-thirds of the sites included in the study. Fisher’s exact independence test shows that banks and public services could explain some of the patterns observed. The classification of 46 counting sites based on temporal distribution patterns, and the relation with the establishments in the area, allows a simplification of the information and facilitates an understanding of the pedestrian mobility in the area. Further research is required that leads towards geographical elements that could explain the differences in temporal and mobility patterns.El presente estudio muestra el desarrollo de patrones de distribuciones temporales de volumen por hora en un área urbana de Costa Rica con base en un análisis de grupos de datos de peatones. Este estudio tiene como objetivo establecer grupos de patrones específicos para la variación temporal de los volúmenes de peatones entre semana mediante la aplicación del análisis de grupos en el distrito comercial central de Guadalupe en San José. Para 46 sitios de conteo, se estimaron los vectores con los factores horarios del día de la semana y la proporción del tráfico peatonal diario. Se implementó un método de agrupamiento jerárquico para los vectores de factores horarios de los sitios de conteo; este método agrupa elementos minimizando la distancia euclidiana entre elementos del mismo grupo mientras maximiza las distancias con elementos de otros grupos. Los grupos encontrados a través de este análisis están relacionados con el uso del suelo a través de búferes de diferentes radios. Se obtuvieron ocho grupos de patrones temporales mediante análisis de grupos; dos de estos representan más de dos tercios de los sitios incluidos en el estudio. La prueba de independencia exacta de Fisher muestra que los bancos y los servicios públicos podrían dar cuenta de algunos de los patrones observados. Esta clasificación permite una simplificación de la información y facilita la comprensión de la movilidad peatonal en la zona. En este sentido, se requieren más investigaciones que conduzcan a elementos geográficos que podrían explicar diferencias en los patrones temporales y de movilidad

C-modified TiO2 using lignin as carbon precursor for the solar photocatalytic degradation of acetaminophen

This work deals with the removal of emerging pollutants in water by solar light with photocatalysts based on C-modified TiO2 materials, using lignin as carbonaceous precursor and acetaminophen as target compound. This provides a way of lignin valorization, a large-scale by-product from the pulp and paper industry and the future lignocellulosic biorefinery. Several C-modified TiO2 materials were prepared following a hydrothermal method and a further thermal treatment in different atmospheres (air or nitrogen). The resulting catalysts were fully characterized by different techniques to learn on the structure-photoactivity relation. Complete acetaminophen conversion was achieved after only 1 h under solar irradiation with the photocatalysts calcinated under air atmosphere (C-Ti-400air and C-Ti-500air), being radical dotOH and O2radical dot− radicals the main reactive oxygen species involved in the acetaminophen photodegradation. These photocatalysts yielded the highest activity, which was maintained upon four successive uses. These findings are discussed with a focus on the development of active photocatalysts under solar light for the photodegradation of emerging pollutantsThe authors acknowledge the financial support from Spanish MINECO (project CTQ2016-78576-R

Educar en derechos humanos : un espacio para el juego

Proyecto Aula Activa: Juegos Cooperativos para la educación para la paz Guía didáctica Colección: Jugando para la paz Material didáctico gratuito Editora Evelyn Cerdas AgüeroEsta guía didáctica titulada “Educar en derechos humanos un espacio para el juego” forma parte del proyecto Aula activa: juegos educativos para la educación para la paz del Instituto de Estudios Latinoamericanos (IDELA). Este proyecto busca fomentar en el estudiantado un proceso de cambio en la aprehensión y vivencia de los derechos humanos de manera que logren reconstruir actitudes, aprender valores y desarrollar habilidades susceptibles de ejercitarse en su interacción diaria, por medio de conductas y actitudes coherentes con el respeto de los derechos humanos y la construcción de una cultura de paz. En este participan estudiantes del curso Espacios Lúdicos para la Educación en Derechos Humanos del Instituto de Estudios Latinoamericanos. Autores: Chacón Campos Stephanie González Camacho Ana Lucía Loría Cubillo Marco Oconitrillo Arce Yuliana Quesada Sancho Fabiola Adrián Barrantes Aguilar Karina Díaz Monge Edith Jiménez Venegas Valeria Moya Pereira Nicolás Salas Ruíz Ericka Sánchez Morera Raúl Hidalgo Perez Stephen Mekbel Ashley Pereira Mónica Cordero Ramírez Jennifer Matarrita Corrales Pamela Brenes Navarro Elvira Mena Brenes Daniela Murillo Orozco Susan Solano Monge Francisco Suarez Pérez Carlos González Leandro Priscilla López Rojas. Carolina Montero Iyara Vargas Lobo Evelyn Figueroa Elizondo Anne Hübner Jacqueline Valencia González Miriam Lizbeth Velázquez Ávila Valerie Calderón Jennifer Campos Jessica Ochoa Monserrath Navarro Ericka Lewis Carolina Rojas Jazmín Arroyo Calderón Melany Arroyo Calderón Mónica Brenes Luna María Sofía Haug Cordero María José Redondo Ríos Ayleen Cascante Zúñiga Marta Azofeifa Matamoros Melanie Guillén Miranda Scarleth Luca Brenes David Valverde Murillo María Castro Arce Natalia Chacón Muñoz Hazel Campos Hernández María José Garita Barahona Raquel González Hernández Laura Ramos Solórzano Gisselle Porras Víquez Pedro ChaverríThis didactic guide entitled "Educating in human rights, a space for play" is part of the project Active Classroom: educational games for peace education of the Institute of Latin American Studies (IDELA). This project seeks to foster in students a process of change in the understanding and experience of human rights so that they can rebuild attitudes, learn values and develop skills that can be exercised in their daily interaction, through behaviors and attitudes consistent with respect for human rights and the construction of a culture of peace. Students from the course Playful Spaces for Human Rights Education of the Institute of Latin American Studies participate in this one. Authors: Chacón Campos Stephanie González Camacho Ana Lucía Loría Cubillo Marco Oconitrillo Arce Yuliana Quesada Sancho Fabiola Adrian Barrantes Aguilar Karina Díaz Monge Edith Jimenez Venegas Valeria Moya Pereira Nicolás Salas Ruíz Ericka Sánchez Morera Raúl Hidalgo Perez Stephen Mekbel Ashley Pereira Mónica Cordero Ramírez Jennifer Matarrita Corrales Pamela Brenes Navarro Elvira Mena Brenes Daniela Murillo Orozco Susan Solano Monge Francisco Suarez Perez Carlos González Leandro Priscilla Lopez Rojas Carolina Montero Iyara Vargas Lobo Evelyn Figueroa Elizondo Anne Hübner Jacqueline Valencia González Miriam Lizbeth Velázquez Ávila Valerie Calderon Jennifer Campos Jessica Ochoa Monserrath Navarro Ericka Lewis Carolina Rojas Jazmin Arroyo Calderon Melany Arroyo Calderon Mónica Brenes Luna María Sofía Haug Cordero María José Redondo Ríos Ayleen Cascante Zúñiga Marta Azofeifa Matamoros Melanie Guillén Miranda Scarleth Luca Brenes David Valverde Murillo María Castro Arce Natalia Chacón Muñoz Hazel Campos Hernández María José Garita Barahona Raquel González Hernández Laura Ramos Solórzano Gisselle Porras Víquez Pedro ChaverríInstituto de Estudios Latinoamericano

Revolution: Museo de las estrellas un paseo por la fama : Hollywood

Convocatoria proyectos de innovación de Extremadura 2020/2021Se describe un proyecto llevado a cabo entre 13 centros educativos extremeños que consistió en desarrollar cinco unidades de trabajo gamificadas, cinco historias detectivescas con misterios por resolver, donde se ponían a prueba las habilidades de lógica, la capacidad de observación, de concentración y de atención de los alumnos. Los objetivos principales de la propuesta fueron: promover la puesta en práctica de proyectos intercentros; impulsar pedagogías activas; desarrollar la competencia digital a través del uso de las pedagogías emergentes lo que ha permitido llevar a cabo una enseñanza presencial, híbrida y virtual y atender a la diversidadExtremaduraES