Molecular Characterisation Of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus And Expression Of Vp2 Protein For The Development Of Diagnostic Kit And Recombinant Vaccine

Outbreak of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in chickens due to highly pathogenic strain of IBD virus (vvIBDV) was first reported in Europe in late 1980’s and in Malaysia in 1991. The disease caused significant economic losses, estimated more than RM72 million per year in Malaysia alone due to high mortality and immunosuppression. Treatment of IBD is of no value and the disease can only be controlled and prevented by proper vaccination programme and biosecurity. It was the objectives of the study to determine the molecular characteristic of Malaysian field isolates of IBDV and expression of the VP2 gene of the isolate for the development of diagnostic kit and recombinant vaccine. Three IBDV isolates identified as UPM04178, UPM04190 and UPM04238 were characterised. Based on their pathogenicity and sequence characteristic, the highest similarity (98%) concerning both nucleotide and amino acid sequences, the IBDV isolates were characterized as vvIBDV strains. Evolutionary relatedness of the isolates to vvIBDV strains was demonstrated by three phylogenetic methods: bootstrap values of 100%, 95% and 90% for nucleotide sequences and those of 58%, 86% and 96% for amino acid sequences were obtained by the distance, maximum parsimony and maximum likehood methods, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering of the isolates with vvIBDV strains of serotype 1, which originate from a common ancestor of IBDV strains present in Malaysia. Using informative characteristics of the isolate, both diagnostic kit and recombinant vaccine were successfully developed using a new wild-type field vvIBDV strain of UPM04190 isolate. A safe and effective recombinant IBD vaccine was developed base on the construction of recombinant VP2 gene of the isolate cloned into an Escherichia coli expression system. The VP2 gene was inserted into pRSET B vector as a fusion protein with histidine tag, which can be easily purified. The recombinant VP2 protein bands were expressed to their expected sizes of ~50 kDa from cell lysate. The pRSET vectors are pUC-derived expression vectors and expression of the gene of interest from pRSET is controlled by the strong phage T7 promoter that drives expression of gene 10 (Φ10) which provides protein stability and help to maintain the original structure of the protein. High-level production (3 mg/ml) of soluble product of VP2 recombinant protein was achieved with modified techniques of expression conditions and approaches. Efficacy test demonstrated that the recombinant vaccine of various fractions could provide protection ranging from 75% to 100% in highly susceptible chickens (specific pathogen free chickens) when challenged with vvIBDV (B00/81) at 104.25 EID50/ml per chicken following vaccination. One-step-immunostrip kit which is highly specific and sensitive was developed using whole virus as capture antigen and high-affinity polyclonal IBD antibodies coated with gold particles. Rapid detection of IBD antibody can be achieved as fast as two minutes in a clinical or field environment. The kit is highly sensitive as it can detect as low as 250 ELISA units compared to commercial ELISA kit that only goes to 391 ELISA units for positive samples. The specificity of the kit was evaluated against antibody of other chicken viruses. No signal of reactivity or cross react exists among the antibodies tested. Thus, it was highly specific to IBDV. It was concluded that the local IBDV isolates were proven to be vvIBDV strain, the constructed recombinant vaccine provide a safe and effective protection and, the developed one-step-immunostrip kit is rapid, specific, sensitive, safe and economic in detection of IBDV infection and monitoring immune status of chicken against IBD

Kemalangan jalanraya

Kemalangan jalanraya adalah disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor yang merupakan isu serius pada masa ini. Di antara sebab-sebab utama meningkatnya jumlah kemalangan jalanraya di Malaysia adalah kerana jumlah isipadu lalulintas yang tinggi. pada tahun 1983 didapati bilangan kemalangan jalanraya telah meningkat sebanyak 8%. Jumlah kematian adalah 3,220 orang dari jumlah keseluruhan 72,634 kes kemalangan. There are numerous factors responsible for road accidents, which are now causing serious issue. Among the reasons giving rise to the road accident in Malaysia are high traffic volume. It has been revealed that the number of accidents that is 72,634 cases, the death toll is 3,220 cases

DNA Variations Within Yam Cultivars (Dioscorea Spp) as Indicated by RAPD Analysis

A research on the DNA variations in eighteen yam cultivars from Malaysia and Japan was conducted using RAPD method in order to identify the cultivars and evaluate their genetic relationship. A preliminary identification of the cultivars was made using morphological characters of the plants. Ten primers, which were capable of producing PCR amplifications, were used in this research and were able to produce 515 amplification bands. Primer OPG-13 was found to be the best primer producing the most number and unambiguous fragments. All the ten primers were used for identifying and elucidating the genetic relationship among the cultivars. The dendrogram produced from the NTsys programme based on UPGMA, by using RAPD data showed that a close genetic relationship with a high percentage of similarity is between accession UPM DA 023 with accession UPM DA 024. Accession UPM DE 007 is a different species that is of Disocorea esculenta and thus genetically distant from the other accessions of Dioscorea alata. The tuber and leaf morphology of D. esculenta is also different from those of Dioscorea alata and indeed their genome is different too. The results of this research show that the RAPD technique can be used to identify the yam cultivars and to determine the genetic relationship among the cultivars. The genotype of all cultivars from Japan can be identified using only one primer, which is primer OPG-13. On the other hand, the identification of cultivars from Malaysia requires four primers, which are OPB-07, OPB-15, OPG-02 and OPG-13. In general, there is a close genetic relationship among yam cultivars found in Malaysia. However, these cultivars are different from Japan cultivars with the similarity index as low as 31.3%, indicating a distant relationship between them. RAPD is a very useful technique for the determination of genetic relationship and identification of plant cultivars. Such technique was successfully employed in genetic relationship and identification studies of D. alata and D. esculenta cultivars in Malaysia

Payroll Processing: Outsource or do it In-House

The main objective of the study is to evaluate cost efficiency for GAR HR SSC for payroll department in Intel Malaysia and the payroll analyst's work efficiency. This is to see which methods could bring cost saving. Other than that, comparison of the two methods will be used to evaluate which process is effective for payroll processing in terms of time saving and efficiency. In order to meet the objectives, quantitative approach was used for data collection. Research instrument for this study is unstructured interview with payroll analyst and retrieved information from database. For this research, system has been built by using closed loop outsourcing decision model to do internal and vendor assessment. It has been used to help in making assessment for this study. Input will be entered into the system to get output whether to outsource or in-house advance pay processing. The cost analysis will be used to get return of investment either positive or negative. The result show that in-house advance pay processing could bring cost saving and comparison of the two methods show that in-house can save time and eliminate some processes in completing payroll processing for advance pay. In summary, research show that in-house processing for advance pay could bring cost saving. This means, it can give positive return of investment in the long term. Other than that, by using in-house processing it can shorten processing time and eliminating unnecessary waste in processing advance pay. With that, payroll analyst's work will be more efficient and effective. Thus, Intel GAR HR SSC for payroll department should continuously revisit annually for GAR pay slip volume, process simplicity and operation cost to assure overhead and contract price stay competitive with quality services if they would consider with outsourcing. Suggest that human resource to conduct yearly operations review on reducing contracted cost with payroll vendor

Records management and the accountability of governance

Governance is the process by which power and authority are exercised in a society by which government, the private sector, and citizens' groups articulate their interests, mediate their differences, and exercise their legal rights and obligations. Governance in public organisations is different from that in private organisations as they both possess different types of institutional stakeholders. Governments are directly answerable to the public. Therefore, it is essential for governments to be transparent in order to avoid any triggers in the accountability process that might adversely affect people's trust. The proper creation, capture, distribution and preservation of judicial evidence in the form of records can help avoid these problems. A trusted government is one that can demonstrate its accountability and transparency and is continually striving to improve value delivery and increase cost-effectiveness. The freedom of information demands governments to be more transparent and accountable for their actions and decisions. Whilst governments promote corporate governance to provide transparency and objectivity it can only give stakeholders better tools to do their job, it does not and cannot do it for them. The need for managing risk and audit culture is imperative to balance and satisfy the expectation of citizen and stakeholders. The accountability of a government can arguably only be achieved when it demonstrates considerable transparency, which in turn can only happen when trust is supported by authentic and reliable records. The records management community claims that records have to be preserved for accountability, but they rarely explore what 'accountability' is and what role records play in the accountability processes. In addition, the contribution of records management to good governance and accountability are often not recognised by other professions and management. In an age where corporate governance and transparency is a global agenda, it is imperative for the records management community to scrutinise their present role and approach in order to change the perception by other professions about their contribution towards achieving organisational goals in a highly regulated and compliant bound environment in the public and private sectors. The contention of this thesis is that record keeping is just a tool that ensures the availability of evidence for the accountability of governance, which in turn relies on the ethical standard of those involved

Usaha Pihak Sekolah Mengatasi Gejala Ponteng Di Kalangan Pelajar

The purpose of this research was to see the relationship among 5 dependant variables with the problem of school truancy among form four students. School factors which was identified in this researched were teachers’ teaching method, class management, co-curriculum management, peers and school beautification. The objectives of this research was to see which school factor dominantly influenced the school truancy among students. The respondents are form 4 students in 4 grade A schools in Jitra, Kubang Pasu district of Kedah. Respondents involved in this research were 241 and questionnaires were used to obtained data. Nine hypotheses were tested by the Method of Pearson’s Correlation Method, One Way ANOVA, T-test and Multiple Regression Test. The results showed that there was no significant relationship among gender, race, PMR achievement and class management with the problem of school truancy. But there was a relationship among peers, teachers’ teaching process, co-curriculum management and school beautification with the problem of school truancy. Peers was the most dominant factors toward truancy problem, compared to teachers’ teaching process, co-curriculum management and school beautification

Warga UMP berkayak Sehati Sejiwa

Bersempena sambutan Bulan Kebangsaan dan Hari Malaysia, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP) baru-baru ini menganjurkan program Berkayak Sehati Sejiwa sambil mengibarkan Jalur Gemilang mengelilingi tasik di universiti berkenaan di kampus Pekan di sini

SL1M-IBE TNB pacu keupayaan graduan

Graduan Ijazah Sarjana Muda Pengurusan Sumber Manusia dari Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Nurfadzidah Azhar, 24, tidak menyangka keputusannya untuk menghadiri temuduga terbuka Skim Latihan 1Malaysia - Industri Bekalan Elektrik (SL1M-IBE) kelolaan Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) telah membantu melengkapkan dirinya untuk memasuki dunia pekerjaan

Cabaran kaki pancing UMP

PERTANDINGAN Memancing Terbuka sempena Ekspokonvo Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP) di tasik universiti berkenaan di Pekan, Pahang baru-baru ini berlangsung meriah dengan penyertaan hampir 600 kaki pancing