A Need Analysis of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) Course for Adoption of Communicative Language Teaching (A Case of First Year Engineering Students of Quest Nawabshah)

English has become one of the global languages. It has great importance everywhere in education, business and in everyday interactions. Because of the global status of English its teaching should be accordingly to its use in daily life. Many methodologies of teaching English have been implemented but one of the modern methodoly is communicative language teaching (CLT). It is one of the strategies that are very much beneficial for teaching English communicatively. CLT is implemented in EFL/ESL and also in ESP courses. In Pakistan, still GTM (grammar translation method) is implemented, CLT is not been used because traditional methodologies are easy to apply in the classroom. The aim of this research is to find out basic needs and lacking’s in our universities of Pakistan in teaching ESP in engineering context. This paper is also aimed to assess the needs of CLT in the engineering context.  In order to get the result, mixed questionnaire of multiple option questions are used as an instrument of the data collection. 12 questions are asked to know the student’s perception of CLT teaching. Only students have been taken as the participant of the study. 130 students from the Quest University Nawabshah have been selected from the different departments to achieve goal of assessing students’ belief’s and attitudes towards CLT. DOI: 10.7176/JLLL/55-01 Publication date: April 30th 201

Remedies to Challenge Arbitral Awards in Pakistan

Available remedies to challenge arbitral awards in Pakistan are modification, remission, annulment and revocation of recognition and enforcement. Arbitration is a method through which disputing parties resolve their disputes outside the Court by avoiding technicalities of procedural law. If there is irregularity regarding process and procedure of arbitral tribunal, parties to an arbitration agreement may apply against it in the Court. Arbitrator files an arbitral award in the Court after completion of arbitral proceedings. If arbitral award is domestic and comes under ambit of Civil Court, arbitrator files arbitral award there but in case of foreign arbitral award, parties to arbitration agreement are required to file arbitral award with arbitration agreement and in case if arbitral award and arbitration agreement are not in official language of Pakistan, translation in official language is required to be submitted before High Court for implementation of arbitral award in Pakistan. Aggrieved party to arbitration agreement may challenge arbitral award before the Court for modification under section 15, for remission under section 16 and for setting aside under section 30 of the Arbitration Act 1940. Recognition and enforcement of an arbitral award may be challenged under article 5 of the New York Convention 1958. The UNCITRAL Model Law 1985 and other relevant International Conventions are not applicable in Pakistan thus aggrieved party may not avail grounds mentioned in these Statutes for modification, remission, setting aside and revocation. Pakistan is an Islamic country hence no award can be implemented in Pakistan if it is against injunctions of Islam under the light of Holy Quran and Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ï·º which comes under ambit of public policy which is one of the grounds for revocation of recognition and enforcement of an arbitral award in Pakistan

Higher Education Service Quality based on Students’ Satisfaction in People’s Republic of China

The quality of education is an important factor that is considered for attracting and retaining the students as it is a substantial investment made by their parents. Most of the recent studies of service quality in education are focusing on higher education as more universities and colleges clamor and compete for gaining some ranking and accreditation in their programs and institution. Hence, in the quest for internationalization of quality in education, assurance of service quality becomes the dire need and eventually taking center stage. Service quality enhances a university’s image. Hence, delivering quality service has become an important goal for most higher education institutions (HEIs) and for distinguishing it among other common competitors. This is a case study of China for evaluating the service quality of higher education institutions based on students’ satisfaction. This study is based on data collected from 500 questionnaires and analyzed through SPSS. By using multiple linear regression analysis, it showed us which factor is playing how much role in the prediction of students‟ satisfaction. This study has revealed some significant findings and showed that there is a positive relationship between most of the determinants of higher education quality and students’ satisfaction. As student’s satisfaction has been positively associated with their performance in university as well as later in their workplaces therefore it is detrimental that this aspect of university student’s dependence on the service quality provided by higher education institutions can be ignored as it eventually affects the productivity of the workforce of a society and eventually economy of a nation. Keywords: Student Satisfaction, Service Quality, Higher Education. P. R. China DOI: 10.7176/JEP/10-6-1

Higher Education Service Quality Based on Students’ Satisfaction in Pakistan

Universities in the modern world are expected to seek and cultivate new knowledge, provide the right kind of leadership and strive to promote equality and social justice. The quality of education is an important factor considered for attracting and retaining students as it is a substantial investment made by their parents. Hence, delivering quality service has become an important goal for most higher education institutions (HEIs) and for distinguishing the institutions among other competitors. The general objective of the study is to investigate the satisfaction level of students enrolled in undergraduate and/or graduate programs from different universities in Pakistan and understand: the level of service quality with respect to administrative services, core educational quality, support facilities, physical environmental quality and transformative quality, and overall level of students’ satisfaction all university services. A cross-sectional study design was conducted on students of the university’s selected using a stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected from 500 questionnaires and analyzed through SPSS. By using multiple linear regression analysis, it revealed which factor was playing how much role in the prediction of students’ satisfaction. It was also found that apart from administrative quality of the university all of abovementioned services contributed significantly towards satisfaction level of university students. As student’s satisfaction has been positively associated with their performance in university as well as later in their workplaces, it would appear to be detrimental that this aspect of university student’s dependence on the service quality provided by higher education institutions should be ignored. It eventually affects the productivity of the workforce of a society and eventually economy of a nation

Evaluating Citizen e-Satisfaction from e-Government Services: A Case of Pakistan

Citizen satisfaction is a critical and decisive factor for persistent use of e-Government services as it can substantially impact on failure or success of e-Government projects. Main hurdle for e-government planners and practitioners in Pakistan is to find out the key determinants of e-satisfaction of their citizens. This article actually tries to identify the major factors that drive Pakistani citizen’s e-Satisfaction while using Punjab Province Portal (http://www.punjab.gov.pk/) in Pakistan. After extensive relevant literature review we formulated 7 hypotheses and distinguished 7 different determinants namely trust, accessibility, awareness of e-services, quality of e-services, computer anxiety, customer expectations and security/privacy. A sample of survey data from 200 employees in 8 universities in different cities of Punjab Province of Pakistan was gathered to perform data analysis. Several key outcomes based on multiple linear regression and factor analysis were exhibited. These final results would help to understand the degree of satisfaction of Pakistani citizens. E-governmental policy-makers and practitioners both would be benefitted by this analysis and results of these determinants of e-satisfaction. Some recommendations and implications of our findings were also addressed at the end

How Can Solar Energy Solve the Current Energy Crisis in Pakistan?

Since independence, burning fossil fuels to fulfill the energy demand of Pakistan has led to the deterioration of the environment and an increase in air pollution in major cities such as Karachi and Lahore. Correspondingly, rapid inustrializaiton and econmic growth has resulted in a large difference between teh demand and supply of electricity in Pakistan due to rolling blackouts, which are common. This study focuses on the optimal utilization of solar energy as an alternative to fossil fuels which will lead to imrpovements in Pakistan\u27s envornment, economy and energy supply (EEE)

Survey improving usability of the smartphones for elders

The focal point of this study is the usability of smartphones for elderly individuals. Notably, Android dominates the current smartphone market share at 72.72%. This prevalence is influenced by various factors, including affordability, a diverse array of manufacturers, and a multitude of options for users to choose from. The satisfaction of most Android users is underscored, and even in cases of dissatisfaction, the platform offers ample opportunities for easy customization of devices. The challenge lies in the reluctance of elderly individuals to embrace the latest technological trends, including social media platforms. It is evident that the elderly exhibit hesitancy in adopting new technologies such as smartphones and their features. This hesitation is attributed to a need for a user experience that is clearer and more understandable, especially when compared to younger users. Elderly individuals often find it challenging to independently navigate essential smartphone features, necessitating assistance from family members or friends who possess a better understanding of the device. This extends to basic tasks such as making calls, sending texts, setting up new devices, and various other functionalities. In this research, an effort is made to understand this barrier with the study of both user experiences and user interface design elements (text size, font, color, etc.) of Smartphones that affect the elderly population. Launchers have been made to overcome this problem but the aim of this research is to find the gap and analyze its solution. The research finds that the gap is because of the android operating system user experience & interface design, since android is developed and managed by google. The research shows how the operating system OS can be improved and make the elder user needs. The primary emphasis of this research is directed towards enhancing the comprehensive experience and interface across the entire operating system. Google's decision to make Android open-source, known as the Android Open-Source Project (AOSP), allows global developers to contribute improvements without the need for special licenses. The proposed idea within this research aims to elevate the AOSP to align with the distinct experience and design expectations of elderly users. This research details the customization of AOSP, resulting in a tailored version of the operating system that incorporates features such as a modified keyboard, audible feedback for actions, enhanced text and control elements, a simplified drag-and-drop experience, redesigned icons, and adjustments to the unlocking and welcome screens that will improves user experience and user interface for elders

English Colonialism and Imperialism in India

This paper traces dominancy of English language in India which was under the direct influence of British empires. India was the most powerful state and was colonized so far by the British Empire. Its imprints can be seen still now, especially the language imperialism. English was encouraged for the purpose of business and trade earlier, than it became the superior language of India. Later on it became the way to escape from social class system and was mostly learnt by the upper class. This study answers the questions: Does English language be praised or condemned? How Indians have responded to English language? What efforts were made by British missionaries to incorporate English language in the universities and colleges of India?In order to estimate the extensive impacts of colonialism a distinction needs to be made between the direct and indirect impacts and instrumentation. The article also presents the characteristics of language imperialism following the same blueprint as industrialist economic supremacy. Keywords: British, India, Colonialism, Imperialism

Agro-tech in Malaysia: literature review and knowledge sharing from agro-technology using nations

This paper demonstrates agriculture-technology in Malaysia and includes a literature review from some other countries. This study compares the Agro-technology transformation program in several countries: Taiwan, South Korea, Thailand, Israel and Malaysia. How are they improving their economy, though agriculture? The concept of advanced technologies in agronomic systems has been given a significant role in the improvement of agricultural creations e.g. sustainable agriculture, livestock production and Crop yield, in order to maintain food security. This paper illustrates what kind of enhancement needs to heighten the Malaysia economy through agronomy, sharing a knowledge of agricultural technology and exploring the reasons why the agriculture economy is back on the policy agenda of Malaysia

Effect of Partial Rootzone Drying Technique on Yield and Yield Components of Sorghum Cultivar

A greenhouse experiments was conducted at Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food Science Research Farm, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu to evaluate the effects of partial rootzone drying (PRD) techniques on yield and yield components of sorghum planted on two series of soil. Partial root zone drying (PRD) consisted of a four irrigation regimes namely Full irrigation (I100), 75% (I75), 50% (I50) and 25% (I25) and the two types of soil are Rhu Tapai Soil Series and Rengam soil Series. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with eight treatments. The treatments were randomly assigned to experimental polythenebags and replicated four times. A total of thirty two polythenebags were used for the study. All agronomic practices starting from preparation to harvesting were adhered to and yield parameters were recorded for the experiment. The result of the study shows that, sorghum performed better under the PRD technique. The results further revealed that, irrigation regimes I100 and I75 performed better in terms of yield and yield components, crop water use efficiency, under PRD compared to I50 and I25 irrigation regimes. The study also revealed that there were interaction effects of deficit irrigation and the two types of soil on some of the parameters such as harvest index and number of panicle used for the study. The benefit-cost ratio of sorghum production under I100 and I75 irrigation regimes were found to be economically better compared to I50 and I25 irrigation regimes for PRDI. The study, therefore, recommended the use of PRDI for optimizing sorghum production in the semi arid regions.