A case of leiomyoadenomatoid tumour of uterine serosa: speculations about differential diagnosis

Adenomatoid tumour is a benign rare lesion of the female genital tract, localised in the wall of fallopian tubes or beneath the uterine serosa. It is often accompanied by smooth muscle proliferation, obscuring the presence of adenomatoid tumour, resulting in misdiagnosis of cellular leiomyoma

Renal function and peak exercise oxygen consumption in chronic heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction

Background: Chronic kidney disease is associated with sympathetic activation and muscle abnormalities, which may contribute to decreased exercise capacity. We investigated the correlation of renal function with peak exercise oxygen consumption (V˙O2) in heart failure (HF) patients. Methods and Results: We recruited 2,938 systolic HF patients who underwent clinical, laboratory, echocardiographic and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. The patients were stratified according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Mean follow-up was 3.7 years. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death and urgent heart transplantation at 3 years. On multivariable regression, eGFR was predictor of peakV˙O2 (P<0.0001). Other predictors were age, sex, body mass index, HF etiology, NYHA class, atrial fibrillation, resting heart rate, Btype natriuretic peptide, hemoglobin, and treatment. After adjusting for significant covariates, the hazard ratio for primary outcome associated with peakVO2 <12 ml ・ kg−1 ・ min−1 was 1.75 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–2.91; P=0.0292) in patients with eGFR ≥60, 1.77 (0.87–3.61; P=0.1141) in those with eGFR of 45–59, and 2.72 (1.01– 7.37; P=0.0489) in those with eGFR <45 ml ・ min−1 ・ 1.73 m−2. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for peakV˙O2 <12 ml ・ kg−1 ・ min−1 was 0.63 (95% CI: 0.54–0.71), 0.67 (0.56–0.78), and 0.57 (0.47–0.69), respectively. Testing for interaction was not significant. Conclusions: Renal dysfunction is correlated with peakV O2. A peakV O2 cutoff of 12 ml ・ kg–1 ・ min–1 offers limited prognostic information in HF patients with more severely impaired renal function

Prognostic role of β-blocker selectivity and dosage regimens in heart failure patients. Insights from the MECKI score database

52noAIMS: The use of β-blockers represents a milestone in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Few studies have compared β-blockers in HFrEF, and there is little data on the effects of different doses. The present study aimed to investigate in a large database of HFrEF patients (MECKI score database) the association of β-blocker treatment with a composite outcome of cardiovascular death, urgent heart transplantation or left ventricular assist device implantation, addressing the role of β-selectivity and dosage regimens. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 5242 HFrEF patients, we investigated the role of: (i) β-blocker treatment vs. non-β-blocker treatment, (ii) β1-/β2-receptor-blockers vs. β1-selective blockers, and (iii) daily β-blocker dose. Patients were followed for 3.58 years, and 1101 events (18.3%) were observed; 4435 patients (86.8%) were on β-blockers, while 807 (13.2%) were not. At 5 years, β-blocker-patients showed a better outcome than non-β-blocker-subjects [hazard ratio (HR) 0.48, P 2 5 mg carvedilol equivalent daily dose, n = 1005) patients than in both medium dose (12.5-25 mg, n = 1431) and low dose (<12.5 mg, n = 1960) (HR 1.97, P < 0.001; HR 1.95, P = 0.001, respectively), with no differences between the last two groups (HR 0.84, P = ns). CONCLUSION: In a large population of chronic HFrEF patients, β-blockers were associated with a more favourable prognosis without any difference between β1- and β2-receptor-blockers vs. β1-selective blockers. A better outcome was observed in subjects receiving a high daily dose.reservedmixedPaolillo, Stefania; Mapelli, Massimo; Bonomi, Alice; Corrà, Ugo; Piepoli, Massimo; Veglia, Fabrizio; Salvioni, Elisabetta; Gentile, Piero; Lagioia, Rocco; Metra, Marco; Limongelli, Giuseppe; Sinagra, Gianfranco; Cattadori, Gaia; Scardovi, Angela B.; Carubelli, Valentina; Scrutino, Domenico; Badagliacca, Roberto; Raimondo, Rosa; Emdin, Michele; Magrì, Damiano; Correale, Michele; Parati, Gianfranco; Caravita, Sergio; Spadafora, Emanuele; Re, Federica; Cicoira, Mariantonietta; Frigerio, Maria; Bussotti, Maurizio; Minà, Chiara; Oliva, Fabrizio; Battaia, Elisa; Belardinelli, Romualdo; Mezzani, Alessandro; Pastormerlo, Luigi; Di Lenarda, Andrea; Passino, Claudio; Sciomer, Susanna; Iorio, Annamaria; Zambon, Elena; Guazzi, Marco; Pacileo, Giuseppe; Ricci, Roberto; Contini, Mauro; Apostolo, Anna; Palermo, Pietro; Clemenza, Francesco; Marchese, Giovanni; Binno, Simone; Lombardi, Carlo; Passantino, Andrea; Perrone Filardi, Pasquale; Agostoni, PiergiuseppePaolillo, Stefania; Mapelli, Massimo; Bonomi, Alice; Corrà, Ugo; Piepoli, Massimo; Veglia, Fabrizio; Salvioni, Elisabetta; Gentile, Piero; Lagioia, Rocco; Metra, Marco; Limongelli, Giuseppe; Sinagra, Gianfranco; Cattadori, Gaia; Scardovi, Angela B.; Carubelli, Valentina; Scrutino, Domenico; Badagliacca, Roberto; Raimondo, Rosa; Emdin, Michele; Magrì, Damiano; Correale, Michele; Parati, Gianfranco; Caravita, Sergio; Spadafora, Emanuele; Re, Federica; Cicoira, Mariantonietta; Frigerio, Maria; Bussotti, Maurizio; Minà, Chiara; Oliva, Fabrizio; Battaia, Elisa; Belardinelli, Romualdo; Mezzani, Alessandro; Pastormerlo, Luigi; Di Lenarda, Andrea; Passino, Claudio; Sciomer, Susanna; Iorio, Annamaria; Zambon, Elena; Guazzi, Marco; Pacileo, Giuseppe; Ricci, Roberto; Contini, Mauro; Apostolo, Anna; Palermo, Pietro; Clemenza, Francesco; Marchese, Giovanni; Binno, Simone; Lombardi, Carlo; Passantino, Andrea; Perrone Filardi, Pasquale; Agostoni, Piergiusepp

Metabolic exercise test data combined with cardiac and kidney indexes, the MECKI score: A multiparametric approach to heart failure prognosis

Objectives: We built and validated a new heart failure (HF) prognostic model which integrates cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) parameters with easy-to-obtain clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic variables. Background: HF prognostication is a challenging medical judgment, constrained by a magnitude of uncertainty. Methods: Our risk model was derived from a cohort of 2716 systolic HF patients followed in 13 Italian centers. Median follow up was 1041 days (range 4-5185). Cox proportional hazard regression analysis with stepwise selection of variables was used, followed by cross-validation procedure. The study end-point was a composite of cardiovascular death and urgent heart transplant. Results: Six variables (hemoglobin, Na+, kidney function by means of MDRD, left ventricle ejection fraction [echocardiography], peak oxygen consumption [% pred] and VE/VCO2 slope) out of the several evaluated resulted independently related to prognosis. A score was built from Metabolic Exercise Cardiac Kidney Indexes, the MECKI score, which identified the risk of study end-point with AUC values of 0.804 (0.754-0.852) at 1 year, 0.789 (0.750-0.828) at 2 years, 0.762 (0.726-0.799) at 3 years and 0.760 (0.724-0.796) at 4 years. Conclusions: This is the first large-scale multicenter study where a prognostic score, the MECKI score, has been built for systolic HF patients considering CPET data combined with clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic measurements. In the present population, the MECKI score has been successfully validated, performing very high AUC. © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd

Metabolic exercise data combined with cardiac and kidney indexes: MECKI score. Predictive role in cardiopulmonary exercise testing with low respiratory exchange ratio in heart failure

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Heart failure prognosis over time: how the prognostic role of oxygen consumption and ventilatory efficiency during exercise has changed in the last 20 years

AIMS: Exercise-derived parameters, specifically peak exercise oxygen uptake (peak VO2 ) and minute ventilation/carbon dioxide relationship slope (VE/VCO2 slope), have a pivotal prognostic value in heart failure (HF). It is unknown how the prognostic threshold of peak VO2 and VE/VCO2 slope has changed over the last 20\u2009years in parallel with HF prognosis improvement. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data from 6083 HF patients (81% male, age 61\u2009\ub1\u200913\u2009years), enrolled in the MECKI score database between 1993 and 2015, were retrospectively analysed. By enrolment year, four groups were generated: group 1 1993-2000 (n\u2009=\u2009440), group 2 2001-2005 (n\u2009=\u20091288), group 3 2006-2010 (n\u2009=\u20092368), and group 4 2011-2015 (n\u2009=\u20091987). We compared the 10-year survival of groups and analysed how the overall risk (cardiovascular death, urgent heart transplantation, or left ventricular assist device implantation) changed over time according to peak VO2 and VE/VCO2 slope and to major clinical and therapeutic variables. At 10\u2009years, a progressively higher survival from group 1 to group 3 was observed, with no further improvement afterwards. A 20% risk for peak VO2 15\u2009mL/min/kg (95% confidence interval 16-13), 9 (11-8), 4 (4-2) and 5 (7-4) was observed in group 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, while the VE/VCO2 slope value for a 20% risk was 32 (37-29), 47 (51-43), 59 (64-55), and 57 (63-52), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Heart failure prognosis improved over time up to 2010 in a HF population followed by experienced centres. The peak VO2 and VE/VCO2 slope cut-offs identifying a definite risk progressively decreased and increased over time, respectively. The prognostic threshold of peak VO2 and VE/VCO2 slope must be updated whenever HF prognosis improves