Peran Perempuan dalam Pemberdayaan Harta Perspektif Al-qur\u27an

This paper examines the role of women in the empowerment of the property according to a review of the Koran. In view of the Koran, the property is one of the world\u27s ornament which has attached to human. The role of women in various aspects of life is very interesting to be observed. In the world economy, Indonesian women actually already have equality with men. The real economic activity in real business such as in the traditional markets has dominated by the women. In West Sumatra, which adheres matriarkhat line, women master the customary property affairs since long time. In Bali, women\u27s labor work not only on a soft job but also work on harsh work, such as brick-layer. The empirical evidence indicated that women have taken an important role in the management and wealth empowerment, not only in the realm of family, but also in the realm business activities, such as home industry and large-scale businesses

Perbandingan Maslahat Dalam Pandangan Imam Malik Dengan Imam Al-gazali

The idea of benefit to Imam Malik has a style of its own, which makes the beneficiaries as a method of law that can provide special insight into the passage of a general nature, and even tend to practice the beneficiaries rather than nas, nas contextually if it is not in accordance with the socio society. Beneficiaries in view of al-Ghazali is an expression of something that will benefit and refused harm, the beneficiaries can maintain the intent Syari\u27a. The purpose of the Syari\u27ah concerning humans, there are five cases, which is preserve religion, life, intellect, lineage, and wealth. What are five things related to it are called beneficiaries. Otherwise everything can destroy five of the above named mafsadat. Differences thought benefit to Imam Malik and Imam al-Ghazali lies in the use of the ratio in the determination of the existence of a benefit. Imam Malik freer in the use of ratios to determine the existence of a benefit. While Imam al-Ghazali still assume that the ratio is able to capture the presence or absence of a benefit as justified by the revelation. Thus the applicative, Imam Malik freer in determining beneficiaries than Imam al-Ghazal

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

Global decomposition experiment shows soil animal impacts on decomposition are climate-dependent

Climate and litter quality are primary drivers of terrestrial decomposition and, based on evidence from multisite experiments at regional and global scales, are universally factored into global decomposition models. In contrast, soil animals are considered key regulators of decomposition at local scales but their role at larger scales is unresolved. Soil animals are consequently excluded from global models of organic mineralization processes. Incomplete assessment of the roles of soil animals stems from the difficulties of manipulating invertebrate animals experimentally across large geographic gradients. This is compounded by deficient or inconsistent taxonomy. We report a global decomposition experiment to assess the importance of soil animals in C mineralization, in which a common grass litter substrate was exposed to natural decomposition in either control or reduced animal treatments across 30 sites distributed from 43 degrees S to 68 degrees N on six continents. Animals in the mesofaunal size range were recovered from the litter by Tullgren extraction and identified to common specifications, mostly at the ordinal level. The design of the trials enabled faunal contribution to be evaluated against abiotic parameters between sites. Soil animals increase decomposition rates in temperate and wet tropical climates, but have neutral effects where temperature or moisture constrain biological activity. Our findings highlight that faunal influences on decomposition are dependent on prevailing climatic conditions. We conclude that (1) inclusion of soil animals will improve the predictive capabilities of region- or biome-scale decomposition models, (2) soil animal influences on decomposition are important at the regional scale when attempting to predict global change scenarios, and (3) the statistical relationship between decomposition rates and climate, at the global scale, is robust against changes in soil faunal abundance and diversity