An ultrasound study of the larynx in children and adults singers

Presentamos un estudio ecográfico realizado en cantantes niños y adultos. Mediante ecografía se ha visualizado y analizado el comportamiento de los pliegues vocales durante la respiración tranquila y durante distintas vocalizaciones. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la técnica ecográfica presenta mayor resolución en el caso de los niños y niñas que en los adultos. En estos últimos, la visualización es mejor en las mujeres que en los hombres. Dado que la ecografía permite captar procesos dinámicos en tiempo real, se han realizado diversas filmaciones de los pliegues vocales durante la emisión de voz. Se ha pedido a dos cantantes, una soprano y una contralto, que realizaran una nota grave y una aguda. En ambos casos los pliegues vocales tienen un comportamiento análogo, observándose en el caso de las notas agudas una mayor tensión de los pliegues durante la fonación. Creemos que la ecografía es una técnica muy interesante para el estudio de la laringe en cantantes, ya que es una técnica no invasiva y por ello puede ser usada en niños y adultos sin ningún efecto secundario adverso.We introduce an ultrasound study carried out to children and adults singers. The behaviour of the vocal folds has been visualised and analysed by sonography during the calm breathing and different vocalisations. The results obtained display us that the ultrasound technique presents a higher resolution in the case of boys and girls than in adults. In the latter, the visualisation is better in women than in men. Owing to the sonography allows for capture dynamic processes in real time, there was accomplished several shootings of vocal folds during the voice output. It has requested two singers, a soprano and a contralto, to perform a low note and a high note. In both cases, the vocal folds have an analogous behaviour, but it was observed a higher tension in the folds during the phonation of high notes. We think that the sonography is a very interesting technique to the larynx study in singers, because it is a non-invasive technique and that is why it can be used in children and adults without adverse side effects.Facultad de Bellas Arte

An ultrasound study of the larynx in children and adults singers

Presentamos un estudio ecográfico realizado en cantantes niños y adultos. Mediante ecografía se ha visualizado y analizado el comportamiento de los pliegues vocales durante la respiración tranquila y durante distintas vocalizaciones. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la técnica ecográfica presenta mayor resolución en el caso de los niños y niñas que en los adultos. En estos últimos, la visualización es mejor en las mujeres que en los hombres. Dado que la ecografía permite captar procesos dinámicos en tiempo real, se han realizado diversas filmaciones de los pliegues vocales durante la emisión de voz. Se ha pedido a dos cantantes, una soprano y una contralto, que realizaran una nota grave y una aguda. En ambos casos los pliegues vocales tienen un comportamiento análogo, observándose en el caso de las notas agudas una mayor tensión de los pliegues durante la fonación. Creemos que la ecografía es una técnica muy interesante para el estudio de la laringe en cantantes, ya que es una técnica no invasiva y por ello puede ser usada en niños y adultos sin ningún efecto secundario adverso.We introduce an ultrasound study carried out to children and adults singers. The behaviour of the vocal folds has been visualised and analysed by sonography during the calm breathing and different vocalisations. The results obtained display us that the ultrasound technique presents a higher resolution in the case of boys and girls than in adults. In the latter, the visualisation is better in women than in men. Owing to the sonography allows for capture dynamic processes in real time, there was accomplished several shootings of vocal folds during the voice output. It has requested two singers, a soprano and a contralto, to perform a low note and a high note. In both cases, the vocal folds have an analogous behaviour, but it was observed a higher tension in the folds during the phonation of high notes. We think that the sonography is a very interesting technique to the larynx study in singers, because it is a non-invasive technique and that is why it can be used in children and adults without adverse side effects.Facultad de Bellas Arte

An ultrasound study of the larynx in children and adults singers

Presentamos un estudio ecográfico realizado en cantantes niños y adultos. Mediante ecografía se ha visualizado y analizado el comportamiento de los pliegues vocales durante la respiración tranquila y durante distintas vocalizaciones. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la técnica ecográfica presenta mayor resolución en el caso de los niños y niñas que en los adultos. En estos últimos, la visualización es mejor en las mujeres que en los hombres. Dado que la ecografía permite captar procesos dinámicos en tiempo real, se han realizado diversas filmaciones de los pliegues vocales durante la emisión de voz. Se ha pedido a dos cantantes, una soprano y una contralto, que realizaran una nota grave y una aguda. En ambos casos los pliegues vocales tienen un comportamiento análogo, observándose en el caso de las notas agudas una mayor tensión de los pliegues durante la fonación. Creemos que la ecografía es una técnica muy interesante para el estudio de la laringe en cantantes, ya que es una técnica no invasiva y por ello puede ser usada en niños y adultos sin ningún efecto secundario adverso.We introduce an ultrasound study carried out to children and adults singers. The behaviour of the vocal folds has been visualised and analysed by sonography during the calm breathing and different vocalisations. The results obtained display us that the ultrasound technique presents a higher resolution in the case of boys and girls than in adults. In the latter, the visualisation is better in women than in men. Owing to the sonography allows for capture dynamic processes in real time, there was accomplished several shootings of vocal folds during the voice output. It has requested two singers, a soprano and a contralto, to perform a low note and a high note. In both cases, the vocal folds have an analogous behaviour, but it was observed a higher tension in the folds during the phonation of high notes. We think that the sonography is a very interesting technique to the larynx study in singers, because it is a non-invasive technique and that is why it can be used in children and adults without adverse side effects.Facultad de Bellas Arte

Lògiques il·lògiques

Lògiques il·lògiques és una mostra emmarcada en el projecte «Lògiques Il·lògiques: metodologies de creació artística» de Can Castells Centre d’Art i la Facultat de Belles Arts de la Universitat de Barcelona. Artistes participants: Elisabeth Gili i Barbena, Elisabet Giner i Zapata, Javier de Mendoza Soler, Anna Martínez Massó, Fayna Nieves Ramos, Pablo de los Ríos Galindo, Julieth Rodríguez Soronellas. Comissariat: Micaela Botelho, Andrea Martínez Arroyo, Julio César Ortega Solano, Rafael Romero Pineda (Direcció artística), Eulàlia Grau Costa, Joanjo Esteban Castaneda, Manuel Morales Espinosa (Gestió cultural), Joan Miquel Porquer Rigo (Edició i publicació), Laia Moretó Alvarado (Registre d’imatge). Amb la col·laboració de: Grup d’Innovació Docent Consolidat ATESI (Art, Territori, Estratègia docent, Sostenibilitat i Intervenció social, GINDOC-UB/162), Grup ApS(UB) – Facultat de Belles Arts de la Universitat de Barcelona, Equip Deganal de la Facultat de Belles Arts de Barcelona i Simina Alexandra Crisan

Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism combination pattern of the Klotho gene with non-cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an elevated risk of all-cause mortality, with cardiovascular death being extensively investigated. However, non-cardiovascular mortality represents the biggest percentage, showing an evident increase in recent years. Klotho is a gene highly expressed in the kidney, with a clear influence on lifespan. Low levels of Klotho have been linked to CKD progression and adverse outcomes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Klotho gene have been associated with several diseases, but studies investigating the association of Klotho SNPs with noncardiovascular death in CKD populations are lacking. The main aim of this study was to assess whether 11 Klotho SNPs were associated with non-cardiovascular death in a subpopulation of the National Observatory of Atherosclerosis in Nephrology (NEFRONA) study (n ¼ 2185 CKD patients). After 48 months of follow-up, 62 cardiovascular deaths and 108 non-cardiovascular deaths were recorded. We identified a high non-cardiovascular death risk combination of SNPs corresponding to individuals carrying the most frequent allele (G) at rs562020, the rare allele (C) at rs2283368 and homozygotes for the rare allele (G) at rs2320762 (rs562020 GG/AG þ rs2283368 CC/CT þ rs2320762 GG). Among the patients with the three SNPs genotyped (n ¼ 1016), 75 (7.4%) showed this combination. Furthermore, 95 (9.3%) patients showed a low-risk combination carrying all the opposite genotypes (rs562020 AA þ rs2283368 TT þ rs2320762 GT/TT). All the other combinations [n ¼ 846 (83.3%)] were considered as normal risk. Using competing risk regression analysis, we confirmed that the proposed combinations are independently associated with a higher fhazard ratio [HR] 3.28 [confidence interval (CI) 1.51-7.12]g and lower [HR 6 × 10- (95% CI 3.3 × 10--1.1 × 10-)] risk of suffering a non-cardiovascular death in the CKD population of the NEFRONA cohort compared with patients with the normal-risk combination. Determination of three SNPs of the Klotho gene could help in the prediction of non-cardiovascular death in CKD

Association of candidate gene polymorphisms with chronic kidney disease : Results of a case-control analysis in the NEFRONA cohort

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk factor for end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular disease and premature death. Despite classical clinical risk factors for CKD and some genetic risk factors have been identified, the residual risk observed in prediction models is still high. Therefore, new risk factors need to be identified in order to better predict the risk of CKD in the population. Here, we analyzed the genetic association of 79 SNPs of proteins associated with mineral metabolism disturbances with CKD in a cohort that includes 2,445 CKD cases and 559 controls. Genotyping was performed with matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. We used logistic regression models considering different genetic inheritance models to assess the association of the SNPs with the prevalence of CKD, adjusting for known risk factors. Eight SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs2238135, rs1800247, rs385564, rs4236, rs2248359, and rs1564858) were associated with CKD even after adjusting by sex, age and race. A model containing five of these SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs1800247, rs4236, and rs2248359), diabetes and hypertension showed better performance than models considering only clinical risk factors, significantly increasing the area under the curve of the model without polymorphisms. Furthermore, one of the SNPs (the rs2248359) showed an interaction with hypertension, being the risk genotype affecting only hypertensive patients. We conclude that 5 SNPs related to proteins implicated in mineral metabolism disturbances (Osteopontin, osteocalcin, matrix gla protein, matrix metalloprotease 3 and 24 hydroxylase) are associated to an increased risk of suffering CKD

Association of Candidate Gene Polymorphisms With Chronic Kidney Disease: Results of a Case-Control Analysis in the Nefrona Cohort

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk factor for end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular disease and premature death. Despite classical clinical risk factors for CKD and some genetic risk factors have been identified, the residual risk observed in prediction models is still high. Therefore, new risk factors need to be identified in order to better predict the risk of CKD in the population. Here, we analyzed the genetic association of 79 SNPs of proteins associated with mineral metabolism disturbances with CKD in a cohort that includes 2, 445 CKD cases and 559 controls. Genotyping was performed with matrix assisted laser desorption ionizationtime of flight mass spectrometry. We used logistic regression models considering different genetic inheritance models to assess the association of the SNPs with the prevalence of CKD, adjusting for known risk factors. Eight SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs2238135, rs1800247, rs385564, rs4236, rs2248359, and rs1564858) were associated with CKD even after adjusting by sex, age and race. A model containing five of these SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs1800247, rs4236, and rs2248359), diabetes and hypertension showed better performance than models considering only clinical risk factors, significantly increasing the area under the curve of the model without polymorphisms. Furthermore, one of the SNPs (the rs2248359) showed an interaction with hypertension, being the risk genotype affecting only hypertensive patients. We conclude that 5 SNPs related to proteins implicated in mineral metabolism disturbances (Osteopontin, osteocalcin, matrix gla protein, matrix metalloprotease 3 and 24 hydroxylase) are associated to an increased risk of suffering CKD

Evaluating Osteoporosis in Chronic Kidney Disease : Both Bone Quantity and Quality Matter

Bone strength is determined not only by bone quantity [bone mineral density (BMD)] but also by bone quality, including matrix composition, collagen fiber arrangement, microarchitecture, geometry, mineralization, and bone turnover, among others. These aspects influence elasticity, the load-bearing and repair capacity of bone, and microcrack propagation and are thus key to fractures and their avoidance. In chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated osteoporosis, factors traditionally associated with a lower bone mass (advanced age or hypogonadism) often coexist with non-traditional factors specific to CKD (uremic toxins or renal osteodystrophy, among others), which will have an impact on bone quality. The gold standard for measuring BMD is dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, which is widely accepted in the general population and is also capable of predicting fracture risk in CKD. Nevertheless, a significant number of fractures occur in the absence of densitometric World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for osteoporosis, suggesting that methods that also evaluate bone quality need to be considered in order to achieve a comprehensive assessment of fracture risk. The techniques for measuring bone quality are limited by their high cost or invasive nature, which has prevented their implementation in clinical practice. A bone biopsy, high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and impact microindentation are some of the methods established to assess bone quality. Herein, we review the current evidence in the literature with the aim of exploring the factors that affect both bone quality and bone quantity in CKD and describing available techniques to assess them

Estudio ecográfico de la laringe en cantantes niños y adultos

Presentamos un estudio ecográfico realizado en cantantes niños y adultos. Mediante ecografía se ha visualizado y analizado el comportamiento de los pliegues vocales durante la respiración tranquila y durante distintas vocalizaciones.Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la técnica ecográfica presenta mayor resolución en el caso de los niños y niñas que en los adultos. En estos últimos, la visualización es mejor en las mujeres que en los hombres.Dado que la ecografía permite captar procesos dinámicos en tiempo real, se han realizado diversas filmaciones de los pliegues vocales durante la emisión de voz. Se ha pedido a dos cantantes, una soprano y una contralto, que realizaran una nota grave y una aguda. En ambos casos los pliegues vocales tienen un comportamiento análogo, observándose en el caso de las notas agudas una mayor tensión de los pliegues durante la fonación.Creemos que la ecografía es una técnica muy interesante para el estudio de la laringe en cantantes, ya que es una técnica no invasiva y por ello puede ser usada en niños y adultos sin ningún efecto secundario adverso

Evaluating Osteoporosis in Chronic Kidney Disease: Both Bone Quantity and Quality Matter

Bone strength is determined not only by bone quantity [bone mineral density (BMD)] but also by bone quality, including matrix composition, collagen fiber arrangement, microarchitecture, geometry, mineralization, and bone turnover, among others. These aspects influence elasticity, the load-bearing and repair capacity of bone, and microcrack propagation and are thus key to fractures and their avoidance. In chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated osteoporosis, factors traditionally associated with a lower bone mass (advanced age or hypogonadism) often coexist with non-traditional factors specific to CKD (uremic toxins or renal osteodystrophy, among others), which will have an impact on bone quality. The gold standard for measuring BMD is dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, which is widely accepted in the general population and is also capable of predicting fracture risk in CKD. Nevertheless, a significant number of fractures occur in the absence of densitometric World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for osteoporosis, suggesting that methods that also evaluate bone quality need to be considered in order to achieve a comprehensive assessment of fracture risk. The techniques for measuring bone quality are limited by their high cost or invasive nature, which has prevented their implementation in clinical practice. A bone biopsy, high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and impact microindentation are some of the methods established to assess bone quality. Herein, we review the current evidence in the literature with the aim of exploring the factors that affect both bone quality and bone quantity in CKD and describing available techniques to assess them