Investigation of damage caused by sharp instruments and needle sticks exposure in operation room’s staff in hospitals in the Ahvaz city in 2013

مزمینه و هدف: فرورفتن سوزن در بدن از جمله مشکلاتی است که افراد شاغل در اتاق عمل با آن مواجه هستند که بیشترین احتمال HIV و هپاتیت های C و B منتقله از راه خون، جهت پرسنل در آن وجود دارد. لذا هدف از این مطالعه تعیین فراوانی و علل آسیب های ناشی از وسایل نوک تیز آلوده به خون بیمار در کارکنان اتاق عمل بیمارستان های دولتی اهواز است. روش بررسی: این پژوهش یک مطالعه توصیفی تحلیلی است که بر روی کلیه پرسنل اتاق عمل بیمارستان های امام خمینی، رازی، گلستان و طالقانی اهواز به تعداد 400 نفر انجام گرفت. جهت جمع آوری اطلاعات از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته، استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات با استفاده از آزمون های آماری کای اسکور و تی، در نرم افزار 19spss صورت گرفت. یافته ها: از بین 385 نفر مورد مطالعه تعداد 92 نفر(9/23) هرگز سابقه نیدل استیک شدن را نداشتند، اما 293 نفر(10/76 )1 تا بیش از 5 بار نیدل استیک شده بودند. از دیدگاه کارکنان، عوامل مؤثر در نیدل استیک شدن عجله کردن(5/61)، بی احتیاطی همکار(0/39) و شلوغی بخش (6/35) می باشد. بیشترین وسیله ای که باعث ایجاد نیدل استیک می شود بترتیب سوزن بخیه(4/51)، نیدل سرنگ(4/37)، تیغ بیستوری(6/30) است. آزمون های آماری کای اسکوور ارتباط معنی داری بین جنسیت، بیماری روحی، لرزش دست، مشکلات بینایی، سابقه، تعداد شیفت در ماه، تعداد ساعت کار در هفته، مدرک تحصیلی، شغل، فعالیت در یک مرکز درمانی دیگر و تعداد نیدل استیک شدن را نشان داد(05/0>P). نتیجه گیری: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که بیش از نیمی از کارکنان اتاق عمل با نیدل استیک مواجه هستند. لذا با توجه به عوارض و احتمال ابتلا به بیماری های منتقله از راه خون و بالا بودن میزان صدمات در اتاق عمل، به نظر می رسد تدوین و برگزاری کلاس های آموزشی جهت پیشگیری از این مشکلات، ضرورت دارد

The Viewpoints of Last-Year Dentistry Students of Shahid Beheshti University on the Application of Lasers as an Independent Credit in the Education of General Dentistry

Introduction: Enhancing students’ pragmatic skills as an enabling means warrants changes in their curricula, which should be reconciled with the students’ educational needs. Thus, this study seeks to examine the viewpoints of last-year dentistry students on the need for the instruction of laser application as an independent credit in general dentistry curricula. The findings of this study can be helpful in determining the educational priorities of students while providing and compiling their curricula.Methods: This descriptive study was done on 91 last-year dentistry students of Shahid Beheshti University in a full census manner. The data collection tool was a fieldwork questionnaire which its validity and reliability evaluation was carried out. To announce the findings, frequency distribution, frequency percentage and average tableaux were utilized.Results: Amongst the 91 participants, regarding the average figures of value assignment from 1 to 10 to respond to questions, the highest value was assigned to learning the side effects of lasers (7.99 ± 0.01), and the lowest importance of and need for learning was assigned to learning about the history of laser and light physics (4.53 ± 0.47).Conclusion: The findings indicate that students have a positive attitude toward the incorporation of an independent laser credit in their curricula and, thus, the necessity of incorporating this credit in their curricula can be posed

Exposure rate of cardiovascular risk factors among clients of health-care clinics in Kashan, Autumn 2010

زمینه و هدف: بیماری های قلبی وعروقی، بیماری های غیر واگیر هستند که توسط عوامل متعدد ایجاد می شوند. یکی از مهمترین آنها، سبک زندگی ناسالم است. در ایران این بیماری از مشکلات دهه اخیر بوده و از سویی در مقایسه با 10 علت اول مرگ و میر در سال 1387، با 8./44 بیش ترین عامل مرگ و میر در شهر کاشان بوده است. لذا این مطالعه با هدف بررسی میزان مواجهه با عوامل خطر بیماری های قلبی عروقی در شهر کاشان می باشد. روش بررسی: این مطالعه توصیفی – تحلیلی بر روی 336 نفرمراجعه کنندگان به مراکز بهداشتی درمانی کاشان که به صورت خوشه ای انتخاب شده بودند انجام گرفت. اطلاعات بوسیله پرسشنامه سبک زندگی که از 5 قسمت اطلاعات دموگرافیک، سابقه بیماری، تغذیه، مصرف سیگار و فعالیت بدنی تشکیل شده بود جمع آوری و با کمک آزمون های آماری کای دو تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. یافته ها: میانگین شاخص توده بدنی (BMI) بین افراد 69/25 بود. شایع ترین ریسک فاکتورها در بین افراد به ترتیب عبارت بودند از: مصرف غذای سرخ کرده (9/97)، مصرف کم ماهی (8/90)، مصرف کم حبوبات (8/79)، مصرف کم تخم مرغ (3/75) مصرف زیاد گوشت قرمز (3/69)، مصرف زیاد شیرینی جات (9/67)، مصرف غذای چرب (7/66) و میزان کم فعالیت بدنی (4/66) می باشد. بین سبک زندگی با جنسیت (016/0=P) و تحصیلات (019/0=P) و فعالیت بدنی با شغل (013/0=P) رابطه ی معنی داری یافت شد. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه سبک زندگی افراد در وضعیت مطلوبی قرار نداشته در نتیجه لزوم توجه و آموزش بیشتر در جهت کاهش مصرف غذای سرخ کرده، گوشت قرمز، غذای چرب و شیرینی جات و افزایش متعادل مصرف ماهی، حبوبات، تخم مرغ، میوه جات و سبزیجات، در رژیم غذایشان افزایش فعالیت بدنی و کاهش مصرف سیگار توصیه می شود.

The Hospitalization Rate of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis before and during COVID-19 Pandemic Era: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study

Objectives: There are several reports of the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). In this study, we aimed to compare the hospitalization rate of CVST before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (before vaccination program). Materials and methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the hospitalization rate of adult CVST patients in Namazi hospital, a tertiary referral center in the south of Iran, was compared in two periods of time. We defined March 2018 to March 2019 as the pre-COVID-19 period and March 2020 to March 2021 as the COVID-19 period. Results: 50 and 77 adult CVST patients were hospitalized in the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods, respectively. The crude CVST hospitalization rate increased from 14.33 in the pre-COVID-19 period to 21.7 per million in the COVID-19 era (P = 0.021). However, after age and sex adjustment, the incremental trend in hospitalization rate was not significant (95% CrI: -2.2, 5.14). Patients \u3e 50-year-old were more often hospitalized in the COVID-19 period (P = 0.042). SARS-CoV-2 PCR test was done in 49.3% out of all COVID-19 period patients, which were positive in 6.5%. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≥3 at three-month follow-up was associated with age (P = 0.015) and malignancy (P = 0.014) in pre-COVID period; and was associated with age (P = 0.025), altered mental status on admission time (P\u3c0.001), malignancy (P = 0.041) and COVID-19 infection (P = 0.008) in COVID-19 period. Conclusion: Since there was a more dismal outcome in COVID-19 associated CVST, a high index of suspicion for CVST among COVID-19 positive is recommended

Association between diabetes mellitus and rs2868371; a polymorphism of HSPB1

Introduction: Diabetes (DM) is a type of metabolic disorder that its types are generated by collectingof genetic and environmental risk agents. Here, the association between HSPB1 polymorphism as a genetic risk factor and DM was investigated. Methods: Total 690 participants from MASHAD cohort study population were recruited into the study.Anti-HSP27-level was assessed followed by genotyping using Taqman®-probes-based assay. Anthropometric, demographic and hematological/biochemical characteristics were evaluated. Kaplan-Meier curves were utilized, while logistic regression models were used to assess the association of the genetic variant with clinical characteristics of population. Results: Finds was shown there are meaningful differences among groups of age, height, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, FBG,TG, HDL-C, and hs-CRP, and was no big -significant difference between theexists in different HSP27 SNP in the two studied groups (with and without DM), also was no remarkable relation between genetic forms of HSPB1and T2DM. This investigation was the first research that analyzed the relationship between the genetic type of the HSPB1 gene (rs2868371) and Type 2 diabetes (DM2). In our population, the CC genotype (68.1%) had a higher prevalence versus GC (26.6%) and GG (5.3%) genotypes and the data shown that no genetic difference of HSPB1 gene polymorphism (rs2868371) was related with DM2. Conclusion: HSPB1 polymorphism, rs2868371, was not associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus

A full-Newton step feasible interior-point algorithm for P∗(κ)-LCP based on a new search direction

In this paper, we present a full-Newton step feasible interior-point algorithm for a P∗(κ) linear complementarity problem based on a new search direction. We apply a vector-valued function generated by a univariate function on nonlinear equations of the system which defines the central path. Furthermore, we derive the iteration bound for the algorithm, which coincides with the best-known iteration bound for these types of algorithms. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm is competitive and reliable

Anxiety and Depression Symptoms and Associated Factors in Pregnant and Breast Feeding Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Rasht, Iran, 2020

Background and purpose: The spread of COVID-19 can cause anxiety and depression and lead to adverse outcomes in perinatal period. This study aimed to evaluate anxiety and depression symptoms and associated factors in pregnant and breast feeding women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study included 450 pregnant and breast feeding women in Rasht, Iran during the second and third wave of COVID-19 (June-November 2020). Data were collected using convenience and multi-stage sampling in a teaching hospital and six healthcare centers. Anxiety and depression were evaluated by Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9, respectively. Descriptive statistics and analytical statistics, including independent t-test, Chi-square test, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results: Generalized anxiety was seen in 16.9% of pregnant women and 10.7% of breast feeding women (P=0.057). Expectant mothers were 6.64 times more likely to have depressive symptoms compared with breast feeding women (ORAdj=6.64, 95% CI: 2.08-21.15). Comorbid anxiety-depressive symptoms were higher in pregnant women than breast feeding women (6.2% vs. 0.9%, P=0.002). Anxiety was found to be significantly associated with an unemployed husband, having chronic diseases, thinking about COVID-19, and high-risk individuals in the family (P<0.05). Also, there was a significant relationship between depression and pregnancy, less educated husband, and high-risk individuals in the family (P< 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, pregnant and breast feeding women showed more anxiety symptoms than depression symptoms during COVID-19. Expectant mothers were more likely to have depressive symptoms than breast feeding women. These results emphasize the importance of mental health monitoring to improve perinatal-care quality during epidemics/social crises

Application of Natural Sorbents in Crude Oil Adsorption

In last decades, oil spill pollution has become an important issue of concern due to its serious environmental impacts; therefore, necessary actions should be taken to prevent or reduce these types of pollution and their environmental consequences. Natural organic sorbents are emerging as proper choices for oil spill cleanup due to their availability, eco-friendliness, and low cost. In this study, phragmites australis, sugarcane leaves straw, and sugarcane bagasse were used for crude oil sorption in dry (only oil) systems. The results indicated that sugarcane bagasse had a higher oil sorption capacity compared to the others. Therefore, sugarcane bagasse was selected as the preferred sorbent and the effects of sorbent contact time and its particle size on oil adsorption capacity were evaluated for the systems of dry and crude oil layer on water. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of raw sugarcane bagasse for dry system and crude oil layer system was about 8 and 6.6 gram crude oil per gram sorbent respectively

Maternal and Neonatal Complications of Substance Abuse in Iranian Pregnant Women

There is an increased prevalence of maternal substance abuse during pregnancy in younger women in all socioeconomic classes and races. Our aim was to determine the prevalence and correlates of self-reported substance abuse among pregnant women and obstetric complications or neonatal outcomes in Iran. This retrospective cohort study is covering a five year period on medical records of pregnant women attending the maternity unit of four major hospitals (Mahdieh, Taleghani, Imam Hossein and Akbarabadi Hospitals). Women who reported using opium, heroin, crack, cannabis or methamphetamine were compared with women with no reported history of drug abuse for obstetric complications and prenatal morbidity and neonatal mortality. From 100,620 deliveries substance abuse was recorded for 519 women giving a prevalence of 0.5%. Opium was the most prevalent substance abused followed by crack (a mix of heroin and amphetamines). The exposed group had significantly more obstetric complications including preterm low birth weight and postpartum hemorrhage than the non-exposed group. The exposed group had significantly worse prenatal outcomes including more admissions to intensive care unit and higher infant mortality than the non-exposed group. None of the women in the exposed group was on methadone treatment at time of delivery. Risks of maternal and neonatal complications were increased in substance using pregnant women, especially preterm birth and low birth weight. We recommend a multidisciplinary team to provide methadone maintenance therapy for substance using pregnant women and urinary screen of all pregnant women presenting to hospital

Efficient and stable electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction prepared by hybrid technique in surface engineering: Electrochemical and magnetron sputtering methods

Developing low-cost, stable, and robust electrocatalysts is significant for high effective hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this work, a coating system with Cu2O/NiMoCu on stainless steel (SS) is employed as a highly active and stable catalyst for HER in acidic solutions. Electrochemical measurements for as-designed system on SS show a low onset overpotential, small Tafel slope of similar to 32 mV/decade and long-term durability over 7 days of HER operation. To further inspections of electrocatalytic behavior of as-prepared system in HER, the EIS measurements are performed at several overpotentials and temperatures. It is found that high hydrogen evolution activity and stability of Cu2O/NiMoCu hybrid is likely due to special morphology of Cu2O which result in large number of active sites for hydrogen adsorption, and a synergetic effect giving electronic structure suitable for the HER. (C) 2017 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved